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Rasul HO, Sabir DK, Aziz BK, Guillermo Salgado M, Mendoza-Huizar LH, Belhassan A, Candia LG, Villada WC, Thomas NV, Ghafour DD. Identification of natural diterpenes isolated from Azorella species targeting dispersin B using in silico approaches. J Mol Model 2023; 29:182. [PMID: 37209272 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A bacterial biofilm is a cluster of bacterial cells embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances such as DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. Several diseases have been reported to cause by bacterial biofilms, and difficulties in treating these infections are of concern. This work aimed to identify the inhibitor with the highest binding affinity for the receptor protein by screening various inhibitors obtained from Azorella species for a potential target to inhibit dispersin B. This work shows that azorellolide has the highest binding affinity (- 8.2 kcal/mol) among the compounds tested, followed by dyhydroazorellolide, mulinone A, and 7-acetoxy-mulin-9,12-diene which all had a binding affinity of - 8.0 kcal/mol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate and contrast several diterpene compounds as antibacterial biofilm chemicals. METHODS Here, molecular modelling techniques tested 49 diterpene compounds of Azorella and six FDA-approved antibiotics medicines for antibiofilm activity. Since protein-like interactions are crucial in drug discovery, AutoDock Vina was initially employed to carry out structure-based virtual screening. The drug-likeness and ADMET properties of the chosen compounds were examined to assess the antibiofilm activity further. Lipinski's rule of five was then applied to determine the antibiofilm activity. Then, molecular electrostatic potential was used to determine the relative polarity of a molecule using the Gaussian 09 package and GaussView 5.08. Following three replica molecular dynamic simulations (using the Schrodinger program, Desmond 2019-4 package) that each lasted 100 ns on the promising candidates, binding free energy was estimated using MM-GBSA. Structural visualisation was used to test the binding affinity of each compound to the crystal structure of dispersin B protein (PDB: 1YHT), a well-known antibiofilm compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezha O Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science, Charmo University, Peshawa Street, Chamchamal, Sulaymaniyah, 46023, Iraq.
| | - Dana Khdr Sabir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Science, Charmo University, 46023 Chamchamal, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Bakhtyar K Aziz
- Department of Nanoscience and Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Charmo University, Peshawa Street, Chamchamal, Sulaymaniyah, 46023, Iraq
| | - M Guillermo Salgado
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Investigador Extramural, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - L H Mendoza-Huizar
- Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Academic Area of Chemistry, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Assia Belhassan
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Lorena Gerli Candia
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Wilson Cardona Villada
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Noel Vinay Thomas
- Department of BioMedical Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq
| | - Dlzar D Ghafour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq
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Otero C, Klagges C, Morales B, Sotomayor P, Escobar J, Fuentes JA, Moreno AA, Llancalahuen FM, Arratia-Perez R, Gordillo-Fuenzalida F, Herrera M, Martínez JL, Rodríguez-Díaz M. Anti-Inflammatory Chilean Endemic Plants. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030897. [PMID: 36986757 PMCID: PMC10051824 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used since prehistoric times and continue to treat several diseases as a fundamental part of the healing process. Inflammation is a condition characterized by redness, pain, and swelling. This process is a hard response by living tissue to any injury. Furthermore, inflammation is produced by various diseases such as rheumatic and immune-mediated conditions, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. Hence, anti-inflammatory-based treatments could emerge as a novel and exciting approach to treating these diseases. Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, and this review introduces various native Chilean plants whose anti-inflammatory effects have been evaluated in experimental studies. Fragaria chiloensis, Ugni molinae, Buddleja globosa, Aristotelia chilensis, Berberis microphylla, and Quillaja saponaria are some native species analyzed in this review. Since inflammation treatment is not a one-dimensional solution, this review seeks a multidimensional therapeutic approach to inflammation with plant extracts based on scientific and ancestral knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Carolina Klagges
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinar en Ciencias Biomédicas SEK, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad SEK, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Paula Sotomayor
- Departamento de Urología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Jorge Escobar
- Laboratorio de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.E.); (J.L.M.); (M.R.-D.)
| | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Adrian A. Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Felipe M. Llancalahuen
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ramiro Arratia-Perez
- Center for Applied Nanoscience, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Felipe Gordillo-Fuenzalida
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Michelle Herrera
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Jose L. Martínez
- Vicerrectoria de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13001, Peru
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13001, Peru
- Correspondence: (J.E.); (J.L.M.); (M.R.-D.)
| | - Maité Rodríguez-Díaz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.E.); (J.L.M.); (M.R.-D.)
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3
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Dzul-Beh ADJ, Uc-Cachón AH, Bórquez J, Loyola LA, Peña-Rodríguez LM, Molina-Salinas GM. Mulinane- and Azorellane-Type Diterpenoids: A Systematic Review of Their Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Pharmacology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1333. [PMID: 32957713 PMCID: PMC7565077 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulinane- and azorellane-type diterpenoids have unique tricyclic fused five-, six-, and seven-membered systems and a wide range of biological properties, including antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, spermicidal, gastroprotective, and anti-inflammatory, among others. These secondary metabolites are exclusive constituents of medicinal plants belonging to the Azorella, Laretia, and Mulinum genera. In the last 30 years, more than 95 mulinanes and azorellanes have been reported, 49 of them being natural products, 4 synthetics, and the rest semisynthetic and biotransformed derivatives. This systematic review highlights the biosynthetic origin, the chemistry, and the pharmacological activities of this remarkably interesting group of diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel de Jesús Dzul-Beh
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades 1 Mérida, Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida 97150, Yucatán, Mexico; (A.d.J.D.-B.); (A.H.U.-C.)
| | - Andrés Humberto Uc-Cachón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades 1 Mérida, Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida 97150, Yucatán, Mexico; (A.d.J.D.-B.); (A.H.U.-C.)
| | - Jorge Bórquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 02800, Chile; (J.B.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Luis A. Loyola
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 02800, Chile; (J.B.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Luis Manuel Peña-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Gloria María Molina-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades 1 Mérida, Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida 97150, Yucatán, Mexico; (A.d.J.D.-B.); (A.H.U.-C.)
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Saedi P, Momeni T. Applications of Friedel-Crafts reactions in total synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40061-40163. [PMID: 35558228 PMCID: PMC9091380 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07325b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, Friedel-Crafts (FC) reactions have been acknowledged as the most useful and powerful synthetic tools for the construction of a special kind of carbon-carbon bond involving an aromatic moiety. Its stoichiometric and, more recently, its catalytic procedures have extensively been studied. This reaction in recent years has frequently been used as a key step (steps) in the total synthesis of natural products and targeted complex bioactive molecules. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of intermolecular and intramolecular FC reactions in the total syntheses of natural products and complex molecules, exhibiting diverse biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Pegah Saedi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
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Liu Y, Li L, Xie J, Zhou Q. Divergent Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Mulinane Diterpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12708-12711. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Lin‐Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jian‐Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qi‐Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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6
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Liu Y, Li L, Xie J, Zhou Q. Divergent Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Mulinane Diterpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Lin‐Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jian‐Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qi‐Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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Marcos I, Moro R, Gil-Mesón A, Díez D. 7-6-5 Tricarbocyclic Diterpenes. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63602-7.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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8
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Areche C, Sepulveda B, San Martin A, Garcia-Beltrán O, Simirgiotis M, Cañete A. An unusual mulinane diterpenoid from the Chilean plant Azorella trifurcata (Gaertn) Pers. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:6406-13. [PMID: 25008488 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00966e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new mulinane-type diterpenoids besides the known compounds mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid, 13α-hydroxyazorellane, 13β-hydroxyazorellane, mulinolic acid, azorellanol, and mulin-11,13-dien-18-acetoxy-16,20-dioic acid were isolated from the Chilean plant Azorella trifurcata. One of the new metabolites isolated, 7α-acetoxy-9-epi-13β-hydroxymulinane, possesses a new trans-syn-trans arrangement in a tricyclic ring system not previously encountered in nature. Among the mulinane diterpenoids isolated, mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid showed the gastroprotective effect on HCl-EtOH-induced gastric lesions in mice (ED50 = 55 mg kg(-1)). Regarding the mode of gastroprotective action for this active compound, its effect was reduced by pre-treatment of the mice with indomethacin and N-ethylmaleimide, suggesting that prostaglandins and sulfhydryl compounds are positively involved in the gastroprotective activity using this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith P. Reber
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Carlos A. Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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10
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Areche C, Rojas-Alvarez F, Campos-Briones C, Lima C, Pérez EG, Sepúlveda B. Further mulinane diterpenoids from Azorella compacta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1231-8. [PMID: 23837591 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The chemical study of a dichloromethane extract from Azorella compacta was directed to the isolation of characteristic mulinane and azorellane diterpenoids in order to determine their gastroprotective activity. METHODS Usual chromatographic techniques on the extract led to the isolation of 12 compounds, which were identified by their spectroscopic properties. The HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions model in mice was used to determine the gastroprotective activity. KEY FINDINGS The new diterpenoids, 13β-hydroxymulinane (1), mulin-11,13-dien-20-ol (2), 13α-methoxyazorellanol (3) and mulin-11,13-dien-18-acetoxy-16,20-dioic acid (12) were isolated from A. compacta. The known diterpenoids mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid (4), 13α-hydroxyazorellane (5), 13β-hydroxyazorellane (6), mulinic acid (7), mulinolic acid (8) and azorellanol (9), and the aromatic compounds 5,7-dihydroxychromone (10) and isoflavonoid biochanin A (11), were also obtained from the extract. Compounds 6, 9 and 12 at 20 mg/kg reduced gastric lesions by 69%, 71% and 73%, respectively, being statistically similar to lansoprazole at the same dose. CONCLUSIONS The results corroborate the intraspecific chemical variations detected previously in specimens of A. compacta collected at different Chilean latitudes. A high concentration of azorellanol (9) could account in part for some of the therapeutic properties attributed to this species, in particular in ulcer treatment. Most of the mulinane and azorellane diterpenoids isolated in this study showed relevant gastroprotective activity at a low dose in the bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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Bórquez J, Molina-Salinas GM, Loyola LA, San-Martín A, Peña-Rodríguez LM, Said-Fernández S. A new azorellane diterpenoid fromAzorella madreporica. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:653-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.490215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Brito I, Bórquez J, Loyola LA, Bolte M, Albanez J. (1R,3aR,5aS,6S,8aR,8bR,9aS)-1-Hydr-oxy-6-isopropyl-1,3a,5a-trimethyl-perhydro-cyclo-penta-[a]cyclo-propa[i]naphthalen-4-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o356-7. [PMID: 21579782 PMCID: PMC2979771 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The title compound (also know as azorellanone), C20H32O2, is built up from three fused carbocycles, one five-membered ring and two six-membered rings. The five membered-ring has an envelope conformation, whereas the six-membered rings have a distorted half-chair and a twist–boat conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H⋯O interactions into zigzag chains with graph-set notation C(8) along [010]. The absolute configuration was assigned on the basis of earlier chemical studies.
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Borquez J, Loyola LA, Morales G, San-Martín A, Roldan R, Marquez N, Muñoz E. Azorellane diterpenoids fromLaretia acaulisinhibit nuclear factor-kappa B activity. Phytother Res 2007; 21:1082-6. [PMID: 17628882 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor NF-kappaB plays a key role in the inducible expression of genes mediating proinflammatory effects, and is thus an important target for the development of antiinflammatory drugs. Laretia acaulis (Cav.) Gill et Hook (Apiaceae) is a medicinal plant used in the high Andes mountains for different ailments such as diabetes, inflammation and for general pain. In addition to the known azorellanol (2) and 7-deacetylazorellanol (4), 13-epiazorellanol (1) was also isolated from the aerial part of this plant. Its structure was based on spectroscopic comparison with azorellanol (2) and by chemical characterization. While compounds 2 and 4 showed potent anti-NF-kappaB activity by targeting the activity of the IkappaBalpha kinase, compound 1 was completely inactive highlighting the importance of position 13 in the biological activities of this class of tetracyclic diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Borquez
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.
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Fuentes NL, Sagua H, Morales G, Borquez J, San Martin A, Soto J, Loyola LA. Experimental antihyperglycemic effect of diterpenoids of llaretaAzorella compacta (Umbelliferae) Phil in rats. Phytother Res 2005; 19:713-6. [PMID: 16177976 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous or ethanol infusions of Azorella compacta (llareta) in common with many other plants have been used as antidiabetic in the popular medicine in the altiplanic region of Chile. In order to determine if the diterpenic compounds chemically elucidated and isolated from this plant are responsible for this effect, streptozotocin diabetic rats (507 +/- 67 mg/mL glucose) were injected with two injections of diterpenic compounds mulinolic acid, azorellanol, and mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid at 180 mg/mL. Glycemia of animals treated with mulinolic acid and azorellanol was decreased to 243 +/- 2 and 247 +/- 14 mg/mL respectively, values very close to those reached by chlorpropamide injection used in controls. After 3 h treatment with mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid no effect was detected. The blood serum insulin in diabetic rats (146 +/- 58 pg/mL) was lower than in control rats. After injection of azorellanol, insulin was elevated to 247 +/- 23 pg/mL but with mulinolic acid, insulin was not changed. The antihyperglycemic effect of these compounds may explain the effectiveness of llareta in popular medicine. Because of the similarity to the hypoglycemic medication chlorpropamide, azorellanol could be acting on the beta cells of pancreatic islets, while mulinolic acid may act upon glucose utilization or production in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson L Fuentes
- Biomedical Department, University of Antofagasta, 02800 Universidad de Antofagasta Ave., Antofagasta, Chile
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Loyola LA, Bórquez J, Morales G, San-Martı́n A, Darias J. Madreporanone, a unique diterpene with a novel skeleton from Azorella madreporica. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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