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Lotito V, Zambelli T. Heat: A powerful tool for colloidal particle shaping. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103240. [PMID: 39024831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal particles of spherical shape are important building blocks for nanotechnological applications. Materials with tailored physical properties can be directly synthesized from self-assembled particles, as is the case for colloidal photonic crystals. In addition, colloidal monolayers and multilayers can be exploited as a mask for the fabrication of complex nanostructures via a colloidal lithography process for applications ranging from optoelectronics to sensing. Several techniques have been adopted to modify the shape of both individual colloidal particles and colloidal masks. Thermal treatment of colloidal particles is an effective route to introduce colloidal particle deformation or to manipulate colloidal masks (i.e. to tune the size of the interstices between colloidal particles) by heating them at elevated temperatures above a certain critical temperature for the particle material. In particular, this type of morphological manipulation based on thermal treatments has been extensively applied to polymer particles. Nonetheless, interesting shaping effects have been observed also in inorganic materials, in particular silica particles. Due to their much less complex implementation and distinctive shaping effects in comparison to dry etching or high energy ion beam irradiation, thermal treatments turn out to be a powerful and competitive tool to induce colloidal particle deformation. In this review, we examine the physicochemical principles and mechanisms of heat-induced shaping as well as its experimental implementation. We also explore its applications, going from tailored masks for colloidal lithography to the fabrication of colloidal assemblies directly useful for their intrinsic optical, thermal and mechanical properties (e.g. thermal switches) and even to the synthesis of supraparticles and anisotropic particles, such as doublets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lotito
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Li S, Wang J, Qu W, Cheng J, Lei Y, Wang D, Zhang F. Green synthesis and properties of an epoxy-modified oxidized starch-grafted styrene-acrylate emulsion. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Liu Y, de Oliveira Silva PP, Tran K, Zhou H, Emsermann J, Zhang M, Ho K, Lu Y, Soleimani M, Winnik MA. Molecular Aspects of Film Formation of Partially Cross-Linked Water-Borne Secondary Dispersions that Show Skin Formation upon Drying. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jessica Emsermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Margaret Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kevin Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yijie Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mohsen Soleimani
- Advanced Materials and Systems Research, BASF Corporation, Wyandotte, Michigan 48192, United States
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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Gelir A, Yargi O, Sarli B, Sahinturk U, Aksakal B. Monitoring the film formation process of polystyrene/poly acrylamide (PS/PAAm) composite films annealed by IR heating. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gelir
- Department of Physics; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Onder Yargi
- Department of Physics; Yildiz Technical University; Esenler Istanbul 34210 Turkey
| | - Berkay Sarli
- Department of Physics; Yildiz Technical University; Esenler Istanbul 34210 Turkey
| | - Utkan Sahinturk
- Machine Programme; Department of Mechanical and Metal Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Istanbul University; Istanbul TR-34320 Turkey
| | - Baki Aksakal
- Department of Physics; Yildiz Technical University; Esenler Istanbul 34210 Turkey
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Yargi O, Gelir A, Ozdogan M, Nuhoglu C, Elaissari A. How the infrared radiation affects the film formation process from latexes? J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Yargi
- Department of Physics, Yildiz Technical University; Esenler 34210 Istanbul Turkey
| | - A. Gelir
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University; Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | - M. Ozdogan
- Department of Physics, Yildiz Technical University; Esenler 34210 Istanbul Turkey
| | - C. Nuhoglu
- Department of Physics, Yildiz Technical University; Esenler 34210 Istanbul Turkey
| | - A. Elaissari
- Lagep Laboratory; Claude Bernard University; 69622 Lyon-1 France
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Pohl K, König R, Römermann H, Schulz M, Johannsmann D. Coarsening of the pore network in drying latex films upon interparticle aggregation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9384-9389. [PMID: 25033245 DOI: 10.1021/la501354k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The lateral drying front observed during film formation from latex dispersions with a Tg of the polymer around room temperature is composed of three three distinct lines. The lines are characterized by a decrease in turbidity, a renewed sharp increase in turbidity, and a more gradual decrease in turbidity at the end of what can be called a "halo". Microcracks with herringbone morphology develop at the first line, where the turbidity decreases. If macrocracks are present, these nucleate close to the end of the halo. At the line, where the turbidity sharply increases, one also observes an increase in stress birefringence. The substructure of the drying front is characteristically different from the structures described previously for films drying from hard particles. In particular, the renewed increase in turbidity cannot be explained as pore-opening, but rather is the consequence of a coarsening of the pore network after the particles jump into contact. A capillary instability sets in, by which the small pores collapse under the polymer/water interfacial energy, while the larger pores expand correspondingly. The instability (related to the Rayleigh instability of liquid jets) makes the films appear turbid. Also, the induced mechanical heterogeneity prevents straight macrocracks from penetrating into the halo because crack deflection and crack branching would result, which is energetically unfavorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Pohl
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology , 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Aeinehvand MM, Ibrahim F, Harun SW, Al-Faqheri W, Thio THG, Kazemzadeh A, Madou M. Latex micro-balloon pumping in centrifugal microfluidic platforms. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:988-97. [PMID: 24441792 PMCID: PMC4254353 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51116b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugal microfluidic platforms have emerged as point-of-care diagnostic tools. However, the unidirectional nature of the centrifugal force limits the available space for multi-step processes on a single microfluidic disc. To overcome this limitation, a passive pneumatic pumping method actuated at high rotational speeds has been previously proposed to pump liquid against the centrifugal force. In this paper, a novel micro-balloon pumping method that relies on elastic energy stored in a latex membrane is introduced. It operates at low rotational speeds and pumps a larger volume of liquid towards the centre of the disc. Two different micro-balloon pumping mechanisms have been designed to study the pump performance at a range of rotational frequencies from 0 to 1500 rpm. The behaviour of the micro-balloon pump on the centrifugal microfluidic platforms has been theoretically analysed and compared with the experimental data. The experimental data show that the developed pumping method dramatically decreases the required rotational speed to pump liquid compared to the previously developed pneumatic pumping methods. It also shows that within a range of rotational speed, a desirable volume of liquid can be stored and pumped by adjusting the size of the micro-balloon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Aeinehvand
- Center for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ye Q, Zhai LF, Fan NN, Lu DP, Guan R. Influence of Emulsifiers on Acrylate Latex Blends. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.648495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ugur S, Yargi O, Pekcan O. Percolation and Film Formation Behaviors of MWNT/PS Nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yuan X, Huo D, Qian Q. Effect of annealing on the phase structure and the properties of the film formed from P(St-co-BA)/P(MMA-co-BA) composite latex. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 346:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Volkov AV, Tunyan AA, Moskvina MA, Volynskii AL, Dement’ev AI, Yaryshev NG, Bakeev NF. Specific features of the formation of poly(vinylchloride)-dye composites based on solvent-crazed nanostructured polymer matrices. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x10030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Uğur Ş, Yargi Ö, Pekcan Ö. Conductivity percolation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in polystyrene (PS) latex film. CAN J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) on film formation behaviour and electrical conductivity properties of polystrene (PS) latex film was investigated by using the photon transmission technique and electrical conductivity measurements. Films were prepared by mixing PS latex with different amounts of MWNTs, varying in the range between 0 and 20 wt%. After drying, MWNT content films were separately annealed above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PS, ranging from 100 to 270 °C, for 10 min. To monitor film formation behavior of PS–MWNT composites, transmitted light intensity, Itr, was measured after each annealing step. The surface conductivity of annealed films at 170 °C was measured and found to increase dramatically above a certain fraction of MWNT (4 wt%) following the percolation theory. This fraction was defined as the percolation threshold of conductivity, Rc. The conductivity scales with the mass fraction of MWNT as a power law with exponent 2.27, which is extremely close to the value of 2.0 predicted by percolation theory. In addition, the increase in Itr during annealing was explained by void closure and interdiffusion processes. Film formation stages were modeled and the corresponding activation energies were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ş. Uğur
- Department of Physics Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Kadir Has University, Cibali. Istanbul 34230, Turkey
| | - Ö. Yargi
- Department of Physics Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Kadir Has University, Cibali. Istanbul 34230, Turkey
| | - Ö. Pekcan
- Department of Physics Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Kadir Has University, Cibali. Istanbul 34230, Turkey
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Raja TN, Brouwer AM, Biemans K, Nabuurs T, Tennebroek R. Detection of coalescing agents in water-borne latex emulsions using an environment sensitive fluorescent probe. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:975-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Volynskii AL, Bakeev NF. Healing of interfacial surfaces in polymer systems. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x09100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kara S, Pekcan Ö, Sarac A, Arda E. Film formation stages for poly(vinyl acetate) latex particles: a photon transmission study. Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-006-1486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Uğur Ş, Pekcan Ö. Effects of annealing on morphology of polymer/polymer (PS/PMMA) blend; a fluorescence study. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Uğur Ş, Elaissari A, Pekcan Ö. Film formation from nano-sized polystyrene latex particles. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Uğur S, Elaissari A, Pekcan O. Void closure and interdiffusion processes during latex film formation from surfactant-free polystyrene particles: a fluorescence study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 263:674-83. [PMID: 12909062 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a steady state fluorescence (SSF) technique for studying film formation from surfactant-free polystyrene (PS) latex particles. The latex films were prepared from pyrene (P)-labeled PS particles at room temperature and annealed at elevated temperatures for 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-min time intervals above the glass transition (T(g)) temperature of polystyrene. During the annealing processes, the transparency of the film changed considerably. Scattered light (I(sc)) and fluorescence intensity (I(0P)) from P were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. Evolution of transparency of latex films were monitored using photon transmission intensity, I(tr). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect variation in the physical structure of annealed films. Onset temperature for film formation, T(0), void closure, T(v), and healing temperatures, T(h), were determined and corresponding activation energies were measured. Void closure and interdiffusion stages were modeled and related activation energies were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saziye Uğur
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, 80626 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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