1
|
Thomsen TB, Almdal K, Meyer AS. Significance of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate crystallinity on enzymatic degradation. N Biotechnol 2023; 78:162-172. [PMID: 37939899 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a semi-crystalline plastic polyester material with a global production volume of 83 Mt/year. PET is mainly used in textiles, but also widely used for packaging materials, notably plastic bottles, and is a major contributor to environmental plastic waste accumulation. Now that enzymes have been demonstrated to catalyze PET degradation, new options for sustainable bio-recycling of PET materials via enzymatic catalysis have emerged. The enzymatic degradation rate is strongly influenced by the properties of PET, notably the degree of crystallinity, XC. The higher the XC of the PET material, the slower the enzymatic rate. Crystallization of PET, resulting in increased XC, is induced thermally (via heating) and/or mechanically (via stretching), and the XC of most PET plastic bottles and microplastics exceeds what currently known enzymes can readily degrade. The enzymatic action occurs at the surface of the insoluble PET material and improves when the polyester chain mobility increases. The chain mobility increases drastically when the temperature exceeds the glass transition temperature, Tg, which is ∼40 °C at the surface layer of PET. Since PET crystallization starts at 70 °C, the ideal temperature for enzymatic degradation is just below 70 °C to balance high chain mobility and enzymatic reaction activation without inducing crystal formation. This paper reviews the current understanding on the properties of PET as an enzyme substrate and summarizes the most recent knowledge of how the crystalline and amorphous regions of PET form, and how the XC and the Tg impact the efficiency of enzymatic PET degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thore Bach Thomsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- DTU Chemistry, Building 206, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Billon N. Development of order during strain induced crystallization of polymers, case of PET. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
3
|
Rohart V, Combeaud C. Stretchability above glass transition of mechanically recycled poly(ethylene terephtalate), PET. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
4
|
A proposal for enhanced microstructural development of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate), PEF, upon stretching: On strain-induced crystallization and amorphous phase stability improvement. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
5
|
Xu S, Zhou J, Pan P. Structural Evolutions of Initially Amorphous Polymers during Near‐
T
g
Stretching: A Minireview of Recent Progresses. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
- Institute of Zhejiang University‐Quzhou 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North Quzhou 324000 China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
- Institute of Zhejiang University‐Quzhou 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North Quzhou 324000 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Behaviour of PEF and PET Uniaxial Stretching Based on the Time/Temperature Superposition Principle. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193295. [PMID: 34641111 PMCID: PMC8512310 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate), PEF and poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, are two polyesters with close chemical structures. It leads to similar thermal, mechanical and barrier properties. In order to optimize their stretching, a strategy based on the time/temperature principle is used. The building of master curves, in the linear visco-elastic domain, allows the identification of the experimental conditions for which the two materials are in the same physical state. The initial physical state of the materials is important as, to fit with the industrial constrains, the polymers must reach high level of deformation, and develop strain induced crystallization (SIC). In this paper, the screening of the forming range is described, as well as the mechanical response depending on the stretching settings. Moreover, the same mechanical response can exist for PEF and PET if the same gap from the α-relaxation exists.
Collapse
|
7
|
Billon N. Assessment for stretchability condition of polymers and Time-Temperature Superposition Principle; first step towards a test for recycled PET? POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
8
|
Effects of annealing prior to stretching on strain induced crystallization of polyethylene terephthalate. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Cui L, Dong Y, Liu Y, Fan S, Wang X, Li X. Crystal structure of uniaxially stretched bio‐based polyamide 510 films. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Yu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Shuhong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Xionggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Xianggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Nagendra B, Rizzo P, Daniel C, Guerra G. Planar Orientation and Transparency of Nanoporous-Crystalline Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baku Nagendra
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Christophe Daniel
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, INSTM Research Unit, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahn HW, Lee SY, Yu H, Park JY, Kim KA, Kim SJ. Force Distribution of a Novel Core-Reinforced Multilayered Mandibular Advancement Device. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3383. [PMID: 34066273 PMCID: PMC8152002 DOI: 10.3390/s21103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A mandibular advancement device (MAD) is a commonly used treatment modality for patients with mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Although MADs have excellent therapeutic efficacy, dental side effects were observed with long-term use of MADs. The aim of this study was to analyze the force distribution on the entire dentition according to the materials and design of the MADs. Three types of MADs were applied: model 1 (single layer of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG)), model 2 (double layer of PETG + thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)), and model 3 (core-reinforced multilayer). In the maxilla, regardless of the model, the incisors showed the lowest force distribution. In most tooth positions, the force distribution was lower in models 2 and 3 than in model 1. In the mandible, the mandibular second molar showed a significantly lower force in all models. The mandibular incisors, canines, and molars showed the highest force values in model 1 and the lowest values in model 3. Depending on the material and design of the device, the biomechanical effect on the dentition varies, and the core-reinforced multilayered MAD can reduce the force delivered to the dentition more effectively than the conventional single- or double-layer devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Won Ahn
- Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-W.A.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Soo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (H.Y.); (J.-Y.P.)
| | - Hobeen Yu
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (H.Y.); (J.-Y.P.)
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (H.Y.); (J.-Y.P.)
| | - Kyung-A Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-W.A.); (K.-A.K.)
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-W.A.); (K.-A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Forestier E, Guigo N, Combeaud C, Billon N, Sbirrazzuoli N. Conformational Change Analysis of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) and Poly(ethylene terephthalate) under Uniaxial Stretching. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Forestier
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), UMR 7635, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), UMR 7272, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
- Agence de l’environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie 20, Avenue du Grésillé- BP 90406, 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Nathanael Guigo
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), UMR 7272, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Christelle Combeaud
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), UMR 7635, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Noelle Billon
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), UMR 7635, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), UMR 7272, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Forestier E, Combeaud C, Guigo N, Sbirrazzuoli N, Billon N. Understanding of strain-induced crystallization developments scenarios for polyesters: Comparison of poly(ethylene furanoate), PEF, and poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Forestier E, Combeaud C, Guigo N, Monge G, Haudin JM, Sbirrazzuoli N, Billon N. Strain-induced crystallization of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate). Mechanical and crystallographic analysis. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Xu R, Tian Z, Xie J, Lei C. The structure transformation of pre‐oriented polylactic acid film during uniaxial stretching at room temperature. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐Jie Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, School of Materials and EnergyGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zi‐Qin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, School of Materials and EnergyGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jia‐Yi Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, School of Materials and EnergyGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Cai‐Hong Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, School of Materials and EnergyGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Menager C, Guigo N, Martino L, Sbirrazzuoli N, Visser H, Boyer SA, Billon N, Monge G, Combeaud C. Strain induced crystallization in biobased Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF); conditions for appearance and microstructure analysis. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
19
|
Mao Y, Bucknall DG, Kriegel RM. Synchrotron X-ray scattering study on amorphous poly(ethylene furanoate) under uniaxial deformation. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Liu Y, Yin L, Zhao H, Song G, Tang F, Wang L, Shao H, Zhang Y. Strain-induced structural evolution during drawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber at different temperatures by in situ synchrotron SAXS and WAXD. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
Donnay M, Ponçot M, Tinnes JP, Schenk T, Ferry O, Royaud I. In situ study of the tensile deformation micro-mechanisms of semi-crystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) films using synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) dispersion of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/clay nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
23
|
Xu Q, Wang C, Wang B, Chen Y, Wang H. In situ polymerization and characterization of graphite nanoplatelet/poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites for construction of melt-spun fibers. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04770c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work described a set of graphite nanoplatelet/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (GnP/PET) nanocomposites synthesized via an in situ polymerization for construction of melt-spun fibers with enhanced antistatic property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Chaosheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Biao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Huaping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibres and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Baseri S. Effect of drawing temperature on the structure and free volume of semicrystalline polyester yarns. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
Abstract
Injection stretch blow molding (ISBM) is a two-step process that was designed and optimized mainly for unfilled PET resins. The present study focuses on stretch blow molding of a PET filled with different amounts of sub-micronic mineral fillers. The influence of fillers is analyzed thanks to DSC, DMA, tensile testing and processing in different configurations on a prototype apparatus and an industrial machine. It is demonstrated that fillers enhance crystallization kinetics, which leads to a reduction of the processing range. Differences in strain hardening induced by fillers make it necessary to adjust blowing temperature. However, the main effect occurs during the heating phase of the preforms. Temperature within a filled preform is much less homogeneous than in neat PET, making the temperature gradient totally different if the heating protocol is kept unchanged. Once the heating of filled preforms is controlled to reach equivalent temperature gradients, blowing is possible and rather equivalent to that of pure PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Billon
- MINES ParisTech , Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Sophia Antipolis , France
| | - J.-M. Haudin
- MINES ParisTech , Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Sophia Antipolis , France
| | - C. Vallot
- MINES ParisTech , Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Sophia Antipolis , France
| | - C. Babin
- MINES ParisTech , Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Sophia Antipolis , France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effect of the simultaneous biaxial stretching on the structural and mechanical properties of PLA, PBAT and their blends at rubbery state. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
27
|
Study on the stretch induced phase transition of α trans-1,4-polyisoprene by in-situ SAXS and WAXS measurements. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
28
|
Mechanisms of structural organizational processes as revealed by real time mechano optical behavior of PET film during sequential biaxial stretching. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
29
|
Hamonic F, Prevosto D, Dargent E, Saiter A. Contribution of chain alignment and crystallization in the evolution of cooperativity in drawn polymers. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Jordan AM, Lenart WR, Carr JM, Baer E, Korley LTJ. Structural evolution during mechanical deformation in high-barrier PVDF-TFE/PET multilayer films using in situ X-ray techniques. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:3987-3994. [PMID: 24593226 DOI: 10.1021/am4053893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (PVDF-TFE) is confined between alternating layers of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) utilizing a unique multilayer processing technology, in which PVDF-TFE and PET are melt-processed in a continuous fashion. Postprocessing techniques including biaxial orientation and melt recrystallization were used to tune the crystal orientation of the PVDF-TFE layers, as well as achieve crystallinity in the PET layers through strain-induced crystallization and thermal annealing during the melt recrystallization step. A volume additive model was used to extract the effect of crystal orientation within the PVDF-TFE layers and revealed a significant enhancement in the modulus from 730 MPa in the as-extruded state (isotropic) to 840 MPa in the biaxially oriented state (on-edge) to 2230 MPa in the melt-recrystallized state (in-plane). Subsequently, in situ wide-angle X-ray scattering was used to observe the crystal structure evolution during uniaxial deformation in both the as-extruded and melt-recrystallized states. It is observed that the low-temperature ferroelectric PVDF-TFE crystal phase in the as-extruded state exhibits equatorial sharpening of the 110 and 200 crystal peaks during deformation, quantified using the Hermans orientation function, while in the melt-recrystallized state, an overall increase in the crystallinity occurs during deformation. Thus, we correlated the mechanical response (strain hardening) of the films to these respective evolved crystal structures and highlighted the ability to tailor mechanical response. With a better understanding of the structural evolution during deformation, it is possible to more fully characterize the structural response to handling during use of the high-barrier PVDF-TFE/PET multilayer films as commercial dielectrics and packaging materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Jordan
- Center for Layered Polymeric Systems, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hassan MK, Cakmak M. Mechano optical behavior of polyethylene terephthalate films during simultaneous biaxial stretching: Real time measurements with an instrumented system. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
The characteristic length of cooperative rearranging region for uniaxial drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) films. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
33
|
Déloye E, Haudin JM, Billon N. Stretch-Blow Molding of PET Copolymers – Influence of Molecular Architecture. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to study the influence of molecular architecture of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) on its ability to be processed by stretch-blow molding, which is not well documented in the literature. To evaluate this process ability, it proposes an original strategy combining laboratory analyses and experiments on a prototype machine. PET copolymers were prepared from three types of comonomers: diethylene glycol (DEG), isophthalic acid (IPA) and trimethylolpropane (TMP). It is first shown, through laboratory experiments, that the nature of the polymer in terms of chain constitution (copolymerization), chain length (intrinsic viscosity) and purity (catalytic residues) greatly affects many properties: melt crystallization, thermal properties, polymer rigidity and drawability. These different properties obviously induce very different behaviours at the different steps of the stretch-blow molding process: injection-molding of the preform (quenchability), heating (IR absorption), stretch-blow (rigidity and drawability). The stretch-blow step has been simulated on a prototype apparatus designed in our laboratory. It has been shown that free blowing can be used to characterize the process ability of the polymer. A statistical analysis has confirmed the great differences between the materials investigated and pointed out the complexity of the material response during blowing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Déloye
- MINES-ParisTech, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - J.-M. Haudin
- MINES-ParisTech, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - N. Billon
- MINES-ParisTech, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Sophia Antipolis, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cosson B, Chevalier L, Yvonnet J. Optimization of the Thickness of PET Bottles during Stretch Blow Molding by Using a Mesh-free (Numerical) Method. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The stretch-blow molding process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles generates some important modifications in the mechanical properties of the material. Considering, the process temperature (T > Tg) that is usually used, the material exhibits a very high viscosity and involves a strain hardening effect associated with the microstructure evolution. An anisotropic viscoplastic model coupled with induced properties, identified from experimental results of uniaxial and biaxial tensile tests previously published by Chevalier and Marco (2006), is presented in a first part of the paper. Secondly, we perform a numerical simulation to simulate the free inflation of a preform under an internal pressure with different parameters. Because the final strains are up to 300 to 400%, it generates important distortion of node distribution and we chose to use the mesh-free Constrained Natural Elements Method (C-NEM) for numerical simulation. The final goal is to use these simulations in order to fit the best parameter set leading to a quasi-homogeneous distribution of the thickness along the bottle. Homogeneous thickness implies homogeneous biaxial stretching and more uniform induced properties for the final bottle and this is an important industrial goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Cosson
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Modelisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - L. Chevalier
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Modelisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - J. Yvonnet
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Modelisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mayoral B, Hornsby PR, McNally T, Schiller TL, Jack K, Martin DJ. Quasi-solid state uniaxial and biaxial deformation of PET/MWCNT composites: structural evolution, electrical and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22597f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
36
|
Baseri S, Karimi M, Morshed M. Study of structural changes and mesomorphic transitions of oriented poly(ethylene therephthalate) fibers in supercritical CO2. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Stoclet G, Seguela R, Vanmansart C, Rochas C, Lefebvre JM. WAXS study of the structural reorganization of semi-crystalline polylactide under tensile drawing. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
38
|
Zhang N, Bai Y, Ding X, Zhang Y. Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic materials for invisible orthodontics. Dent Mater J 2011; 30:954-9. [PMID: 22123023 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2011-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PETG/PC/TPU polymer blend was prepared by mechanical blending. The mechanical properties of modified PETG/PC/TPU blend were characterized using a universal testing machine, and results were compared against two commercial thermoplastic products -Erkodur and Biolon. Blending modification improved the properties of PETG/PC/TPU. When blending ratio (wt%) was 70/10/20, PETG/PC/TPU exhibited optimal mechanical properties which exceeded those of Erkodur and Biolon. Tear strength was 50.23 MPa and elongation at break was 155.99%. Stress relaxation rate was 0.0136 N/s after 1 hour, which was significantly slower than Erkodur and Biolon (p<0.05). Water absorption rate was 0.57% after 2 weeks, which was significantly lower than Erkodur and Biolon (p<0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Menary G, Tan C, Harkin-Jones E, Armstrong C, Martin P. Biaxial deformation and experimental study of PET at conditions applicable to stretch blow molding. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.22134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
40
|
Todorov LV, Martins CI, Viana JC. Solid-state structural evolution of poly(ethylene terephthalate) during step uniaxial stretching from different initial morphologies: An in situ wide angle x-ray scattering study. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
41
|
Mago G, Kalyon DM, Fisher FT. Nanocomposites of polyamide-11 and carbon nanostructures: Development of microstructure and ultimate properties following solution processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
42
|
Effect of drawing temperature on mesomorphic transitions of oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers exposed to supercritical CO2. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-011-9612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
43
|
Todorov LV, Martins CI, Viana JC. Structural development of poly(ethylene terephthalate) during uniaxial stretching above the glass-transition temperature: Study of the statistical influence of the stretching variables. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
44
|
Wang D, Shao C, Zhao B, Bai L, Wang X, Yan T, Li J, Pan G, Li L. Deformation-Induced Phase Transitions of Polyamide 12 at Different Temperatures: An in Situ Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Study. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chunguang Shao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Baijin Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liangui Bai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tingzi Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junjun Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guoqiang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Özen İ, Bozoklu G, Dalgıçdir C, Yücel O, Ünsal E, Çakmak M, Menceloğlu YZ. Improvement in gas permeability of biaxially stretched PET films blended with high barrier polymers: The role of chemistry and processing conditions. Eur Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
46
|
Gohil RM. Properties and strain hardening character of polyethylene terephthalate containing Isosorbide. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
47
|
Keum JK, Jeon HJ, Song HH, Choi JI, Son YK. Orientation-induced crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers with controlled microstructure. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
48
|
Shioya M, Kawazoe T, Okazaki R, Suei T, Sakurai S, Yamamoto K, Kikutani T. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study on the Tensile Fracture Process of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fiber. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma7027616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Shioya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kawazoe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Ryota Okazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Suei
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakurai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikutani
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Marco Y, Chevalier L. Microstructure changes in poly(ethylene terephthalate) in thick specimens under complex biaxial loading. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
50
|
Jéol S, Fenouillot F, Rousseau A, Masenelli-Varlot K, Gauthier C, Briois JF. Drastic Modification of the Dispersion State of Submicron Silica during Biaxial Deformation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate). Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062886i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Jéol
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires, IMP/LMM CNRS, UMR #5627, INSA-Lyon, 17 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France; Groupe d'Etudes de Métallurgie Physique et de Physique des Matériaux, UMR-CNRS #5510, INSA-Lyon, 7 avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France; and Tergal Industries, Rue Jules Vercruysse, BP 1, 02430 Gauchy, France
| | - Françoise Fenouillot
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires, IMP/LMM CNRS, UMR #5627, INSA-Lyon, 17 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France; Groupe d'Etudes de Métallurgie Physique et de Physique des Matériaux, UMR-CNRS #5510, INSA-Lyon, 7 avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France; and Tergal Industries, Rue Jules Vercruysse, BP 1, 02430 Gauchy, France
| | - Alain Rousseau
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires, IMP/LMM CNRS, UMR #5627, INSA-Lyon, 17 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France; Groupe d'Etudes de Métallurgie Physique et de Physique des Matériaux, UMR-CNRS #5510, INSA-Lyon, 7 avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France; and Tergal Industries, Rue Jules Vercruysse, BP 1, 02430 Gauchy, France
| | - Karine Masenelli-Varlot
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires, IMP/LMM CNRS, UMR #5627, INSA-Lyon, 17 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France; Groupe d'Etudes de Métallurgie Physique et de Physique des Matériaux, UMR-CNRS #5510, INSA-Lyon, 7 avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France; and Tergal Industries, Rue Jules Vercruysse, BP 1, 02430 Gauchy, France
| | - Catherine Gauthier
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires, IMP/LMM CNRS, UMR #5627, INSA-Lyon, 17 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France; Groupe d'Etudes de Métallurgie Physique et de Physique des Matériaux, UMR-CNRS #5510, INSA-Lyon, 7 avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France; and Tergal Industries, Rue Jules Vercruysse, BP 1, 02430 Gauchy, France
| | - Jean-François Briois
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires, IMP/LMM CNRS, UMR #5627, INSA-Lyon, 17 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France; Groupe d'Etudes de Métallurgie Physique et de Physique des Matériaux, UMR-CNRS #5510, INSA-Lyon, 7 avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France; and Tergal Industries, Rue Jules Vercruysse, BP 1, 02430 Gauchy, France
| |
Collapse
|