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Jung JK, Kim KT, Baek UB, Nahm SH. Volume Dependence of Hydrogen Diffusion for Sorption and Desorption Processes in Cylindrical-Shaped Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040756. [PMID: 35215669 PMCID: PMC8874465 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the actual application of gas transport properties under high pressure, the important factors are sample size dependence and permeation efficiency, related to gas sorption. With a modified volumetric analysis technique, we firstly measured the overall diffusion properties and equilibrium times for reaching the saturation of hydrogen content in both hydrogen sorption and desorption processes. The measured parameters of total uptake (C∞), total desorbed content (C0), diffusion coefficient in sorption (Ds), diffusion coefficient in desorption (Dd), sorption equilibrium time (ts) and desorption equilibrium time (td) of hydrogen in two polymers were determined relative to the diameter and thickness of the cylindrical-shaped polymers in the two processes. C∞ and C0 did not demonstrate an appreciable volume dependence for all polymers. The identical values of C∞ and C0 indicate the reversibility between sorption and desorption, which is interpreted by the occurrence of physisorption by sorbed hydrogen molecules. However, the measured diffusivity of the polymers was found to be increased with increasing thickness above 5 mm. Moreover, the larger Dd values measured in the desorption process compared to Ds may be attributed to an increased amorphous phase and volume swelling caused by increased hydrogen voids and polymer chain scission after decompression. The ts and td were found to be linearly proportional to the square of the thickness above an aspect ratio of 3.7, which was consistent with the numerical simulations based on the solution of Fick's law. This finding could be used to predict the ts in a polymer without any measurement, depending on the sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kap Jung
- Hydrogen Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (U.B.B.); (S.H.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-868-5759
| | - Kyu Tae Kim
- Electricity and Magnetism Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
| | - Un Bong Baek
- Hydrogen Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (U.B.B.); (S.H.N.)
| | - Seung Hoon Nahm
- Hydrogen Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (U.B.B.); (S.H.N.)
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Keil W, Zhao K, Oswald A, Bremser W, Schmidt C, Hintze-Bruening H. Thermostable water reservoirs in the interlayer space of a sodium hectorite clay through the intercalation of γ-aminopropyl(dimethyl)ethoxysilane in toluene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:477-487. [PMID: 34901976 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of Na+-based hectorite LAPONITE® (LAP) and of Na+-montmorillonite (MMT) with a homologous series of γ-aminopropyl(methyl)x(ethoxy)ysilanes (x + y = 3, y > 0) in toluene was studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, 29Si and 23Na solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The triethoxy silane (APTS) exclusively grafts on the clays' edges as branched oligomers whereas both the monoethoxy silane (APMS) and the diethoxy silane (APDS) are also intercalated, the latter as linear oligomers. Intercalation of APMS varies for MMT and LAP: MMT hosts the smallest amounts of the silanes with marginal increase of the basal distance and no stabilization of water. On the contrary, LAP accommodates the largest amount of guests in the form of monomeric APMS which yields the largest increase of the basal distance and stabilizes water up to 200 °C when APMS dimerizes. APMS stabilization is attributed to intramolecular Si-O-H-NH2 hydrogen bonds and the hydrophobic geminal methyl groups together with the trimethylene sides of the cyclic monomers are thought to compartmentalize the hydrated sodium sites. The high temperature release of water from APMS@LAP is discussed in the light of potentially triggered interphase degradation in composite materials for recycling purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Keil
- Paderborn University, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Kai Zhao
- Paderborn University, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Arthur Oswald
- Paderborn University, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Bremser
- Paderborn University, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Paderborn University, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Horst Hintze-Bruening
- Paderborn University, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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3
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Yuan Z, Li C, Ye L. In-Situ Formation of Samarium Methacrylate Rare Earth Complex for Improvement of the Durable Sealing Resilience of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber as a Sealing Material. J MACROMOL SCI B 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2021.1919403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Banerjee K, Chanda J, Ghosh Chowdhury S, Pal K, Mukhopadhyay R, Bhattacharyya SK, Bandyopadhyay A. Effect of pre‐mastication on dispersion of nanoclay in presence of carbon black in an inner liner compound: Studies on physicomechanical and functional properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Banerjee
- Rubber Compounding Division Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute Mysore India
| | - Jagannath Chanda
- Rubber Compounding Division Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute Mysore India
| | - Soumya Ghosh Chowdhury
- Rubber Compounding Division Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute Mysore India
| | - Koushik Pal
- Rubber Compounding Division Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute Mysore India
| | - Rabindra Mukhopadhyay
- Rubber Compounding Division Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute Mysore India
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Yuan Z, Yang Z, Ding Y, Li C, Ye L. Synergistic Reinforcing and Stabilizing Effect of Carbon Black–Zinc Dimethacrylate on the Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer and Improving Mechanism of Sealing Resilience. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Company Limited, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yuqiao Ding
- China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Company Limited, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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6
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Properties of lead-free gamma-ray shielding materials from metal oxide/EPDM rubber composites. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Wang J, Chen Y, Jin Q. Preparation and Characteristics of a Novel Silicone Rubber Nanocomposite Based on Organophilic Montmorillonite. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008306061768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel room-temperature-vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV-SR)/organic montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared by a solution intercalation process. Di(2-oxyethyl)-12 alkane- 3 methyl-amine chloride was used as the intercalation agent to treat Na°-montmorillonite and form a new kind of OMMT. Four types of RTV-SR/OMMT composites were synthesized with different amounts of OMMT. Properties such as tensile strength, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were measured and compared. A combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) studies showed that RTV-SR/OMMT composites were on the nanometer scale and the presence of OMMT interfered with the segmented structure of RTV-SR, due to the reaction between the monomer and the intercalation agent. Results showed that the RTV-SR system with 10 phr OMMT has the best physical and mechanical properties due to the exfoliation of OMMT and the resultant nano-effect on the system
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, P.R.China
| | - Yuehui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, P.R.China
| | - Qiqi Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, P.R.China
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Shafieizadegan-Esfahani A, Abdollahi M, Katbab A. Effects of compounding procedure on morphology development, melt rheology, and mechanical properties of nanoclay reinforced dynamically vulcanized EPDM/polypropylene thermoplastic vulcanizates. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M.M. Abdollahi
- Chemical Engineering Department; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - A.A. Katbab
- Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Department; Amirkabir University; Tehran Iran
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9
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Khalid M, Walvekar R, Ketabchi MR, Siddiqui H, Hoque ME. Rubber/Nanoclay Composites: Towards Advanced Functional Materials. NANOCLAY REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1953-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Lee KS, Chang YW. Peroxide vulcanized EPDM rubber/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites: Vulcanization behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal stability. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Suk Lee
- Polymer Nano Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering; Hanyang University; Ansan 426-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wook Chang
- Polymer Nano Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering; Hanyang University; Ansan 426-791 Republic of Korea
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11
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Effect of gamma radiation on the properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer/styrene butadiene rubber/waste polyethylene/clay nanocomposites. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Nawani P, Burger C, Rong L, Hsiao BS, Tsou AH. Structure and permeability relationships in polymer nanocomposites containing carbon black and organoclay. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Ahn DU, Jeon JB, Kim SJ. Novel synergistic combinations of amphiphilic fatty acid derivatives for high-performance rubber–organoclay nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11452c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergistic binary combinations of fatty acid derivatives have remarkably enhanced the performance of a rubber–organoclay nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Up Ahn
- Nexans Research Center
- Nexans
- Jincheon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bae Jeon
- Nexans Research Center
- Nexans
- Jincheon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Nexans Research Center
- Nexans
- Jincheon
- Republic of Korea
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14
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Mao H, Wang C, Wang K. Gelation Performance of Cationic Gemini Silica Sol with Inorganic Salts and Its Antibacterial Property Analysis. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2013.812938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Properties of vulcanized polyisoprene rubber composites filled with opalized white tuff and precipitated silica. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:913197. [PMID: 24672391 PMCID: PMC3933396 DOI: 10.1155/2014/913197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opalized white tuff (OWT) with 40 μm average particle size and 39.3 m2/g specific surface area has been introduced into polyisoprene rubber (NR). Their reinforcing effects were evaluated by comparisons with those from precipitated silica (PSi). The cure characteristic, apparent activation energy of cross-link (Eac) and reversion (Ear), and mechanical properties of a variety of composites based on these rubbers were studied. This was done using vulcanization techniques, mechanical testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that OWT can greatly improve the vulcanizing process by shortening the time of optimum cure (tc90) and the scorch time (ts2) of cross-linked rubber composites, which improves production efficiency and operational security. The rubber composites filled with 50 phr of OWT were found to have good mechanical and elastomeric properties. The tensile strengths of the NR/OWT composites are close to those of NR/PSi composites, but the tear strength and modulus are not as good as the corresponding properties of those containing precipitated silica. Morphology results revealed that the OWT is poorly dispersed in the rubber matrix. According to that, the lower interactions between OWT and polyisoprene rubber macromolecules are obtained, but similar mechanical properties of NR/OWT (100/50) rubber composites compared with NR/PSi (100/50) rubber composites are resulted.
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16
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Lee K, Chang YW, Kim SW. Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer/halloysite nanocomposites: Thermal, mechanical properties, and foam processing. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangsuk Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Hanyang University; Ansan 426-791 Korea
| | - Young-Wook Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Hanyang University; Ansan 426-791 Korea
| | - Seong Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Kyonggi University; Suwon 443-760 Korea
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17
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Kim MS, Kim GH. Effects of processing steps and organoclay content in butadiene rubber/organoclay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Perejón A, Sánchez-Jiménez PE, Gil-González E, Pérez-Maqueda LA, Criado JM. Pyrolysis kinetics of ethylene–propylene (EPM) and ethylene–propylene–diene (EPDM). Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Alateyah AI, Dhakal HN, Zhang ZY. Processing, Properties, and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Layer Silicates: A Review. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. I. Alateyah
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Polymer and Composites Research Group; School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth PO1 3DJ UK
| | - H. N. Dhakal
- Advanced Polymer and Composites Research Group; School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth PO1 3DJ UK
| | - Z. Y. Zhang
- Advanced Polymer and Composites Research Group; School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth PO1 3DJ UK
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20
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Yoo BM, Shin HJ, Yoon HW, Park HB. Graphene and graphene oxide and their uses in barrier polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Min Yoo
- Department of Energy Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul 133-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul 133-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Wook Yoon
- Department of Energy Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul 133-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Bum Park
- Department of Energy Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul 133-791 Republic of Korea
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21
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Chen B. Polymer–clay nanocomposites: an overview with emphasis on interaction mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/096797804x4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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22
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Ersali M, Fazeli N, Naderi G. Preparation and Properties of EPDM/NBR/Organoclay Nanocomposites. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this research work, three different types of nano-composites based on EPDM/NBR blend (70/30 wt.%) have been prepared: one type including Cloisite 20A in EPDM phase, the other one containing Cloisite 30B in NBR phase and the third type consisting of Cloisite 20A in EPDM and Cloisite 30B in NBR phases simultaneously (called EN-xAB). XRD and TEM techniques showed intercalated or exfoliated structures for all types of nano-composites. According to SEM results, the most roughness of the surface was observed at EN-xAB nano-composites. Cure characteristics of the samples showed that the lowest scorch and cure time and highest crosslink density was devoted to EN-xAB samples. Comparison of mechanical properties of the nano-composites showed that the best properties were found in the samples consisted of both types of organo-clays simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ersali
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - N. Fazeli
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gh. Naderi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Polymer Processing Society, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Feldman D. Polymer Nanocomposite Barriers. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.768440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Isik-gulsac I, Yilmazer U, Bayram G. Effects of Addition Order of the Components on Polyamide-6/Organoclay/Elastomer Ternary Nanocomposites. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Feldman D. Elastomer Nanocomposite; Properties. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2012.703537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Sapkota J, Poikelispää M, Das A, Dierkes W, Vuorinen J. Influence of nanoclay-carbon black hybrid fillers on cure and properties of natural rubber compounds. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Khalaf AI, Hegazy MA. Synthesis and characterization of cationic surfactants in the preparation of organobentonite and study their effectiveness on the properties of styrene-butadiene rubber/bentonite composites. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008312456049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two cationic surfactants ( N-isopropyl- N, N-dimethyldodecan-1-aminium bromide (S1) and N-isopropyl- N, N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium bromide (S2)) are synthesized. The chemical structure of the synthesized surfactants was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the synthesized cationic surfactants was determined. CMC decreased with increasing alkyl chain length. Organobentonites are prepared using cationic surfactants (S1 and S2) and characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. Results of XRD, FTIR, SEM and TGA showed that the surfactants were intercalated into the interlamellar space of bentonite. Organobentonites fillers were added to styrene-butadiene rubber and cured by conventional vulcanization system. The filler loading was varied from 0 to 10 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr). The compounds were characterized with respect to their curing characteristics and mechanical properties. The vulcanization rate and torque value of the organobentonites compounds are sensibly higher than the unmodified bentonite compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. I. Khalaf
- Polymer and Pigment Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. A. Hegazy
- Petrochemical Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Park JM, Lee CW, Lee WS, Yang KM, Lee JH, Nam GY, Lee SH, Lee YS, Lee Y, Nam JD. MONTMORILLONITE-REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES THROUGH EMULSION STABILIZATION–DESTABILIZATION METHOD. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.12.88978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A nanoplatelet of montmorillonite (MMT) was incorporated in the natural rubber (NR) matrix at a high loading content using a newly developed stabilization–destabilization process in the colloid states. Examination of the surface charge of the colloid drops by zeta potential measurement led to the identification of the stable and unstable conditions of the colloid mixture as well as each colloid system as a function of pH. The stabilized mixture of the MMT and NR colloids was subsequently destabilized by changing the pH of the mixture to achieve a well-dispersed and intercalated NR/MMT precipitate. The resulting NR/MMT nanocomposites provided an exfoliated MMT morphology up to 25 phr, and the mechanical properties and aging tolerance of the resulting nanocomposite vulcanizates were substantially enhanced by the incorporated MMT nanofillers. The developed stabilization–destabilization methodology ensured a highly loaded MMT rubber composite system, which could be used to obtain high performance NR/MMT nanocomposite systems with ease without using high-shear processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Park
- Hyundai and Kia Corporate Research and Development Division, 772-1, Jangduk-dong, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445–706, South Korea
| | - Chan-Woo Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440–746, South Korea
| | - Wan-Sul Lee
- Hyundai and Kia Corporate Research and Development Division, 772-1, Jangduk-dong, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445–706, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Yang
- Hyundai and Kia Corporate Research and Development Division, 772-1, Jangduk-dong, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445–706, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440–746, South Korea
| | - Gi-Yong Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440–746, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Lee
- Hyundai and Kia Corporate Research and Development Division, 772-1, Jangduk-dong, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445–706, South Korea
| | - Yong Sang Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 1 Shinsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121–742, South Korea
| | - Youngkwan Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440–746, South Korea
| | - Jae-Do Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440–746, South Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440–746, South Korea
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Ismail H, Mathialagan M. Compatibilization of bentonite filled ethylene-propylene-diene monomer composites: Effect of maleic anhydride grafted EPDM. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Krajnc M, Karger-Kocsis J, Šebenik U. Grafting of maleic anhydride onto an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer and concurrent organoclay nanocomposite preparation in solution and melt. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wang L, Wang YQ, Zhang LQ, Wu YP. Rectorite powder modified by butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine rubber: Structure and its dispersion in styrene-butadiene rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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El-Arnaouty MB, Eid M, Salah M, Hegazy ESA. Preparation and Characterization of Poly Vinyl Alcohol/Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone/Clay Based Nanocomposite by Gamma Irradiation. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2012.728466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Khan SB, Akhtar K, Rahman MM, Asiri AM, Seo J, Alamry KA, Han H. A thermally and mechanically stable eco-friendly nanocomposite for chemical sensor applications. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40549k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Saikrasun S, Amornsakchai T. Thermal decomposition behavior and mechanical properties of elastomeric composites based on polyolefinic thermoplastic elastomer and organomontmorillonite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-011-9750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Lakshminarayanan S, Gelves GA, Sundararaj U. Vulcanization behavior and mechanical properties of organoclay fluoroelastomer nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Surface modification of montmorillonite (MMT) using column chromatography technique and its application in silicone rubber nanocomposites. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-012-0003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hu L, Shi W. UV-Irradiation Cured Organic-inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposite Initiated by Ethoxysilane-modified Multifunctional Polymeric Photoinitiator through Sol-gel Process. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Synthesis and characterization of novel UV-Curable PU-Si hybrids: Influence of silica on thermal, mechanical, and water sorption properties of polyurethane acrylates. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-1002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ginil Mon S, Jaya Vinse Ruban Y, Vetha Roy D. Synthesis of kaolinite-filled EPDM rubber composites by solution intercalation: structural characterization and studies on mechanical properties. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-011-0018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jincheng W, Ke Y, Nan X. Effect of intercalation agent on the structure and properties of OMMT and RTV/OMMT composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vo LT, Anastasiadis SH, Giannelis EP. Dielectric study of Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) Composites with Carbon Black, Silica, and Nanoclay. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200044c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loan T. Vo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Bard Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Spiros H. Anastasiadis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, P.O. Box 1527, 711 10 Heraklion Crete, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 710 03 Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel P. Giannelis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Bard Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Lian H, Li S, Liu K, Xu L, Wang K, Guo W. Study on modified graphene/butyl rubber nanocomposites. I. Preparation and characterization. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vasilyev GB, Makarova VV, Rebrov AV, Picken SJ, Smirnova NM, Malkin AY, Kulichikhin VG. Morphology and rheology of composites based on anisotropic polymer matrix and different clays. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tan YJ, Liang YR, Hu GS, Wang YQ, Lu YL, Zhang LQ. Structure and properties of isobutylene-isoprene rubber/swollen organoclay nanocomposites prepared by shear mixing. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-011-1029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rooj S, Das A, Heinrich G. Preintercalation of an organic accelerator into nanogalleries and preparation of ethylene propylene diene terpolymer rubber–clay nanocomposites. Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2010.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pistor V, Scuracchio CH, Oliveira PJ, Fiorio R, Zattera AJ. Devulcanization of ethylene-propylene-diene polymer residues by microwave-Influence of the presence of paraffinic oil. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Effectiveness of a maleated compatibilizer on the tensile and tear properties of peroxide-cured metallocene polyethylene/clay nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-010-9504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yazdi AZ, Bagheri R, Kazeminezhad M, Heidarian D. Incorporating multiscale micromechanical approach into PLSNs with different intercalated morphologies. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ibrahim SM. Characterization, mechanical, and thermal properties of gamma irradiated starch films reinforced with mineral clay. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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