1
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Yagi S, Oguro M, Tokita M. Stress Response and Deformation of Block Copolymer Lamellae on Stretching in Normal Direction: Effects of Lateral Size of Lamellae. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Yagi
- S. Yagi, M. Oguro, Prof. M. Tokita Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152–8550 Japan
| | - Masaaki Oguro
- S. Yagi, M. Oguro, Prof. M. Tokita Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152–8550 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tokita
- S. Yagi, M. Oguro, Prof. M. Tokita Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152–8550 Japan
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2
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Chen G, Zhang H, Lu T, Jiang Y. The stress deformation response influenced by the chain rigidity for mesostructures in diblock copolymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22992-23004. [PMID: 34611676 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03159g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A self-consistent field theory formalism based on the wormlike chain model is developed to investigate the stress-strain relation for mesostructures in diblock copolymers under the influence of chain rigidity, involving the adjustable simulation cell in the non-orthogonal coordinates by means of optimization of free energy. We elucidate the effect of the chain persistency broadly spanning from the Gaussian chain to the rigid rodlike chain on the elastic response of mesophases that deviate from the initial equilibrium structures. We analytically and numerically demonstrate that our current approach in the long chain limit recovers to the Gaussian-chain-based theory. Being ascribed to the distinct conformational behaviors for flexible chains and rigid rodlike chains, the tensile and compressive stresses applied to lamellae exhibit asymmetric deformation behaviors and the shear stress applied to the initial equilibrium hexagonal cylinders results in noticeable deviations in the shape and spatial arrangement of cylindroids for various chain rigidity values. For the zero stress, in addition, our approach can be straightforwardly utilized to explore the optimal size and shape of the simulation cell in order to achieve a stress free configuration of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Center of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China. .,School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Teng Lu
- Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Center of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Saito M, Ito K, Yokoyama H. Mechanical Properties of Ultrathin Polystyrene- b-Polybutadiene- b-Polystyrene Block Copolymer Films: Film Thickness-Dependent Young’s Modulus. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Saito
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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4
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The Influence of Annealing Atmosphere, Blending Ratio, and Molecular Weight on the Phase Behavior of Blend Materials. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study of block copolymers, many parameters need to be adjusted to obtain good phase separation results. Based on block copolymer polystyrene-b-polycarbonate and homopolymer polystyrene, the effects of the annealing atmosphere, blending ratio, and molecular weight on phase separation were studied. The results show that annealing in air can inhibit the occurrence of phase separation. In addition, snowflake patterns are formed during phase separation. The blending ratio affects the quality of the pattern. The molecular weight affects the size of the pattern, and the size increases as the molecular weight increases. In this article, the influence of process conditions and materials on phase separation was discussed, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of block copolymer self-assembly in the future.
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5
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Zhang Y, Dong R, Gabinet UR, Poling-Skutvik R, Kim NK, Lee C, Imran OQ, Feng X, Osuji CO. Rapid Fabrication by Lyotropic Self-Assembly of Thin Nanofiltration Membranes with Uniform 1 Nanometer Pores. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8192-8203. [PMID: 33729764 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials with precisely defined and water-bicontinuous 1-nm-scale pores are highly sought after as advanced materials for next-generation nanofiltration membranes. While several self-assembled systems appear to satisfy this need, straightforward fabrication of such materials as submicron films with high-fidelity retention of their ordered nanostructure represents a nontrivial challenge. We report the development of a lyotropic liquid crystal mesophase that addresses the aforementioned issue. Films as thin as ∼200 nm are prepared on conventional support membranes using solution-based methods. Within these films, the system is composed of a hexagonally ordered array of ∼3 nm diameter cylinders of cross-linked polymer, embedded in an aqueous medium. The cylinders are uniformly oriented in the plane of the film, providing a transport-limiting dimension of ∼1 nm, associated with the space between the outer surfaces of nearest-neighbor cylinders. These membranes exhibit molecular weight cutoffs of ∼300 Da for organic solutes and are effective in rejecting dissolved salts, and in particular, divalent species, while exhibiting water permeabilities that rival or exceed current state-of-the-art commercial nanofiltration membranes. These materials have the ability to address a broad range of nanofiltration applications, while structure-property considerations suggest several avenues for potential performance improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ruiqi Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Uri R Gabinet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ryan Poling-Skutvik
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Na Kyung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Omar Q Imran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xunda Feng
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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6
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Müller M. Process-directed self-assembly of copolymers: Results of and challenges for simulation studies. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Chandran S, Baschnagel J, Cangialosi D, Fukao K, Glynos E, Janssen LMC, Müller M, Muthukumar M, Steiner U, Xu J, Napolitano S, Reiter G. Processing Pathways Decide Polymer Properties at the Molecular Level. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Baschnagel
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastin, Spain
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O.
Box 1385, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Liesbeth M. C. Janssen
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Murugappan Muthukumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jun Xu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP223, Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
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8
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Time-resolved 2d-SAXS measurements to reveal mechanism of cylinder orientation upon sphere-to-cylinder transition under a planar flow in an SEBS triblock copolymer sheet. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Coalescence of non-equilibrium spheres through thermal annealing in a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-block-polystyrene triblock copolymer film under a uniaxially stretched state. Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Complete and comprehensive orientation of cylindrical microdomains in a block copolymer sheet. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Malinconico M. Lamellar Copolymers. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MEMBRANES 2016:1083-1086. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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12
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Müller M, Tang J. Alignment of Copolymer Morphology by Planar Step Elongation during Spinodal Self-Assembly. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:228301. [PMID: 26650318 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.228301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using simulation and numerical self-consistent field theory of an unentangled diblock copolymer melt, we study the interplay between relaxation of molecular conformations from a highly stretched, nonequilibrium state and structure formation of the local, conserved density during self-assembly from a disordered state. We observe that the planar elongation of molecular conformations in the initial, disordered state results in an alignment of lamella normals perpendicular to the stretch direction during the subsequent self-assembly. Although thermodynamically the parallel orientation is favored, the alignment of the lamella normal perpendicular to the stretch direction is characterized by the larger growth rate of composition fluctuations during the spinodal ordering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jiuzhou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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13
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Formation of nanostructured thin films of immiscible polymer blends by directional crystallization onto a crystallizable organic solvent. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Stasiak J, Brubert J, Serrani M, Talhat A, De Gaetano F, Costantino ML, Moggridge GD. Structural changes of block copolymers with bi-modal orientation under fast cyclical stretching as observed by synchrotron SAXS. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:3271-8. [PMID: 25781560 PMCID: PMC4428489 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Load-bearing tissues are composite materials that depend strongly on anisotropic fibre arrangement to maximise performance. One such tissue is the heart valve, with orthogonally arranged fibrosa and ventricularis layers. Their function is to maintain mechanical stress while being resilient. It is postulated that while one layer bears the applied stress, the orthogonal layer helps to regenerate the microstructure when the load is released. The present paper describes changes in the microstructure of a block copolymer with cylindrical morphology, having a bio-inspired microstructure of anisotropic orthogonally oriented layers, under uniaxial strain. To allow structural observations during fast deformation, equivalent to the real heart valve operation, we used a synchrotron X-ray source and recorded 2D SAXS patterns in only 1 ms per frame. The deformation behaviour of the composite microstructure has been reported for two arrangements of the cylinders in skin and core layers. The behaviour is very different to that observed either for uniaxially oriented or isotropic samples. Deformation is far from being affine. Cylinders aligned in the direction of stretch show fragmentation, but complete recovery of the spacing between cylinders on removal of the load. Those oriented perpendicular to the direction of stretch incline at an angle of approximately 25° to their original direction during load.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Stasiak
- University of Cambridge , Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Pembroke Street , Cambridge , CB2 3RA , UK .
| | - J. Brubert
- University of Cambridge , Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Pembroke Street , Cambridge , CB2 3RA , UK .
| | - M. Serrani
- University of Cambridge , Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Pembroke Street , Cambridge , CB2 3RA , UK .
| | - A. Talhat
- University of Cambridge , Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Pembroke Street , Cambridge , CB2 3RA , UK .
| | - F. De Gaetano
- Politecnico di Milano , Department of Chemistry , Materials and Chemical Engineering , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - M. L. Costantino
- Politecnico di Milano , Department of Chemistry , Materials and Chemical Engineering , Piazza L. da Vinci 32 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - G. D. Moggridge
- University of Cambridge , Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Pembroke Street , Cambridge , CB2 3RA , UK .
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15
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Malinconico M. Lamellar Copolymers. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MEMBRANES 2015:1-4. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_2212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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16
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Xu RJ, Chen XD, Cai Q, Chen CB, Lin YF, Lei CH, Li LB. In situ study of the annealing process of a polyethylene cast film with a row-nucleated crystalline structure by SAXS. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00659g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary crystallization has more effect on polyethylene crystal thickening than melt recrystallization during the annealing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - X. D. Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - Q. Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - C. B. Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - Y. F. Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230051
- PR China
| | - C. H. Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - L. B. Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230051
- PR China
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17
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Tian Z, Snyder MA. Hard templating of symmetric and asymmetric carbon thin films with three-dimensionally ordered mesoporosity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9828-9837. [PMID: 25080216 DOI: 10.1021/la501870h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sacrificial colloidal crystal templating of porous carbon films of tunable thickness is demonstrated using a facile thin-film assembly and hard-template-based nanoreplication process. Convectively assembled, colloidal crystal films composed of size-tunable silica nanoparticles (ca. 10-50 nm) serve as scalable sacrificial scaffolds for the formation of thickness-tunable, structurally robust, and flexible porous carbon films. Both precursor vapor infiltration (PVI) and precursor immersion/spin-off (PIS) techniques, suitable for replication by various carbon sources (e.g., furfural/oxalic acid, phenol-formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde, sucrose), result in continuous, crack-free porous replica films. Systematic PVI-based underfilling of the template film or PIS-based complete spin-off of excess carbon replica precursor results in porous carbon films endowed with a symmetric three-dimensionally ordered mesopore (3DOm) topology uniformly distributed across the film thickness. Alternatively, by tuning the nanoparticle crystal film thickness and the degree of overfilling (PVI) or rate of spin-off of the carbon replica precursor (PIS), films bearing an asymmetric structure composed of 3DOm-supported ultrathin carbon layers can be realized. The stability of the silica templates under polymerization and carbonization conditions helps bolster mesopore robustness within the replica films, eliminating uniaxial pore shrinkage upon template sacrifice. The decoupling of the template assembly and its replication enables film formation from a wide range of carbon sources and possibly a further expanded materials palette. Realization of porous carbon films on various substrates without degradation of the mesostructure is enabled by robustness of the coating/replication process to characteristic surface roughness at scales several-fold larger than the template particle size as well as to polymer-mediated film transfer. Among various possible applications, we demonstrate how properties of the symmetric 3DOm films in particular (e.g., high surface area, large pore volume) enable their exploitation as potential low-cost alternatives to costly Pt-based electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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18
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Self-Organization Schemes towards Thermodynamic Stable Bulk Heterojunction Morphologies: A Perspective on Future Fabrication Strategies of Polymer Photovoltaic Architectures. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/948189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research efforts to improve our understanding of electronic polymers are developing fast because of their promising advantages over silicon in photovoltaic solar cells. A major challenge in the development of polymer photovoltaic devices is the viable fabrication strategies of stable bulk heterojunction architecture that will retain functionality during the expected lifetime of the device. Block copolymer self-assembly strategies have attracted particular attention as a scalable means toward thermodynamically stable microstructures that combine the ideal geometrical characteristics of a bulk heterojunction with the fortuitous combination of properties of the constituent blocks. Two primary routes that have been proposed in the literature involve the coassembly of block copolymers in which one domain is a hole conductor with the electron-conducting filler (such as fullerene derivatives) or the self-assembly of block copolymers in which the respective blocks function as hole and electron conductor. Either way has proven difficult because of the combination of synthetic challenges as well as the missing understanding of the complex governing parameters that control structure formation in semiconducting block copolymer blends. This paper summarizes important findings relating to structure formation of block copolymer and block copolymer/nanoparticle blend assembly that should provide a foundation for the future design of block copolymer-based photovoltaic systems.
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Burt TM, Jordan AM, Korley LTJ. Toward anisotropic materials via forced assembly coextrusion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:5155-5161. [PMID: 22991945 DOI: 10.1021/am301072s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer coextrusion offers a diverse platform to examine layer dependent confinement effects on self-assembling nanomaterials via conventional extrusion technology. A triblock copolymer (BCP) with a cylindrical microstructure was processed via "forced assembly" to elucidate the effect of microdomain orientation on the mechanical behavior of multilayer films. The mechanical response was investigated in both the extrusion (ED) and transverse directions (TD) of the multilayer systems, revealing an influence of both cylinder-orientation and the interface on the mechanical response with decreasing layer thickness. The stress-strain curves for samples with the stress field along the cylinder axis revealed a sharp yielding phenomenon, while curves for specimens with the stress field applied perpendicular to the axis exhibited weak yielding behavior. The extensibility of the multilayer films stressed in the ED increases with decreasing layer thickness, but remains constant when deformed along the TD. Coextrusion technology allows for tunable mechanical toughness in industrial grade polymers via a continuous process. By altering the layer thickness of the two polymeric materials, we can tune the mechanics from strong, brittle behavior to a tough, ductile response by manipulation of the hierarchical structure. The enabling technology provides a unique platform to couple the inherent mechanical response of dissimilar polymers and allows for the design of composite materials with tailored mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffani M Burt
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and Center for Layered Polymeric Systems, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, USA
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20
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Huang WH, Chen PY, Tung SH. Effects of Annealing Solvents on the Morphology of Block Copolymer-Based Supramolecular Thin Films. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202415t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Han Huang
- Institute
of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chen
- Institute
of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute
of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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21
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Unidirectionally aligned line patterns driven by entropic effects on faceted surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:1402-6. [PMID: 22307591 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1115803109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, versatile approach to the directed self-assembly of block copolymers into a macroscopic array of unidirectionally aligned cylindrical microdomains on reconstructed faceted single crystal surfaces or on flexible, inexpensive polymeric replicas was discovered. High fidelity transfer of the line pattern generated from the microdomains to a master mold is also shown. A single-grained line patterns over arbitrarily large surface areas without the use of top-down techniques is demonstrated, which has an order parameter typically in excess of 0.97 and a slope error of 1.1 deg. This degree of perfection, produced in a short time period, has yet to be achieved by any other methods. The exceptional alignment arises from entropic penalties of chain packing in the facets coupled with the bending modulus of the cylindrical microdomains. This is shown, theoretically, to be the lowest energy state. The atomic crystalline ordering of the substrate is transferred, over multiple length scales, to the block copolymer microdomains, opening avenues to large-scale roll-to-roll type and nanoimprint processing of perfectly patterned surfaces and as templates and scaffolds for magnetic storage media, polarizing devices, and nanowire arrays.
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22
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Gowd EB, Rama MS, Stamm M. Nanostructures Based on Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers. NANOFABRICATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0424-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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23
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Jin KY, Kim DY, Kim SE, Kuo SW, Lee JH, Lyu MY, Hwang SH, Gent AN, Nah C, Jeong KU. Large-Deformation Behavior of Honeycomb-Structured Polymer Sheets as a Function of Polar Angle. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Tata J, Scalarone D, Lazzari M, Chiantore O. Control of morphology orientation in thin films of PS-b-PEO diblock copolymers and PS-b-PEO/resorcinol molecular complexes. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Abul Kashem MM, Perlich J, Diethert A, Wang W, Memesa M, Gutmann JS, Majkova E, Capek I, Roth SV, Petry W, Müller-Buschbaum P. Array of Magnetic Nanoparticles via Particle Co-operated Self-Assembly in Block Copolymer Thin Film. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900942j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mottakin M. Abul Kashem
- Physik-Department LS E13, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching, Germany
- HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Perlich
- Physik-Department LS E13, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching, Germany
- HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Diethert
- Physik-Department LS E13, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching, Germany
| | - Weinan Wang
- Physik-Department LS E13, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching, Germany
| | - Mine Memesa
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochen S. Gutmann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Majkova
- Institute of Physics SAS, Dúbravská 9, SK 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ignác Capek
- Polymer Institute, SAS, Dúbravská 9, SK 84236 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Winfried Petry
- Physik-Department LS E13, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching, Germany
- Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department LS E13, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching, Germany
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Park S, Kim B, Xu J, Hofmann T, Ocko BM, Russell TP. Lateral Ordering of Cylindrical Microdomains Under Solvent Vapor. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802480s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Tommy Hofmann
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Benjamin M. Ocko
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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Wang Y, Hong X, Liu B, Ma C, Zhang C. Two-Dimensional Ordering in Block Copolymer Monolayer Thin Films upon Selective Solvent Annealing. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You Wang
- Materials Physics and Chemistry Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaodong Hong
- Materials Physics and Chemistry Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Baoquan Liu
- Materials Physics and Chemistry Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Changyou Ma
- Materials Physics and Chemistry Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Materials Physics and Chemistry Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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28
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Liang C, Li Z, Dai S. Mesoporöse Kohlenstoffmaterialien: Synthese und Modifizierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Liang C, Li Z, Dai S. Mesoporous Carbon Materials: Synthesis and Modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:3696-717. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1583] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Di Cola E, Fleury C, Panine P, Cloitre M. Steady Shear Flow Alignment and Rheology of Lamellae-Forming ABC Triblock Copolymer Solutions: Orientation, Defects, and Disorder. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702876k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Di Cola
- Laboratoire Matière Molle et Chimie, UMR ESPCI-CNRS 7167, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France, and European Synchroton Research Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Carine Fleury
- Laboratoire Matière Molle et Chimie, UMR ESPCI-CNRS 7167, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France, and European Synchroton Research Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Panine
- Laboratoire Matière Molle et Chimie, UMR ESPCI-CNRS 7167, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France, and European Synchroton Research Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Cloitre
- Laboratoire Matière Molle et Chimie, UMR ESPCI-CNRS 7167, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France, and European Synchroton Research Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
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31
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Park S, Wang JY, Kim B, Xu J, Russell TP. A simple route to highly oriented and ordered nanoporous block copolymer templates. ACS NANO 2008; 2:766-772. [PMID: 19206609 DOI: 10.1021/nn7004415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the orientation and lateral ordering of the block copolymer microdomains is essential to their use as templates and scaffolds for the fabrication of nanostructured materials. In addition, a process must be robust, simple to implement, and rapid, and should not introduce disruptive processing steps that would impede their use. Here, we describe thin films of poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) diblock copolymers, spin-coated from mixed solvents that show highly oriented, cylindrical microdomains with a high degree of order on a wide range of substrates, including silicon oxide, polystyrene, germanium, polyimide, and poly(butylene terephthalate). In addition, the preferential solvation of the P4VP block with an alcohol caused a surface reconstruction that resulted in the formation of a nanoporous film upon drying. The evaporation of gold onto the reconstructed films produced thermally stable and reactive ion etching resistant films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
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32
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Messerschmidt M, Millaruelo M, Komber H, Häussler L, Voit B, Krause T, Yin M, Habicher WD. Synthesis of Partially Protected Block Copolymers Based on 4-Hydroxystyrene Using NMRP and a Sequence of Polymer Analogous Reactions. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma7025308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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34
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Lo CT, Lee B, Rago NLD, Winans RE, Thiyagarajan P. Strategy for Better Ordering in Diblock Copolymer Based Nanocomposites. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Ejima H, Itako JE, Ishida K, Yoshie N. Nanostructured Thin Films of Polymer Blends by Directional Crystallization onto Crystallizable Organic Solvent. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0711543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ejima
- Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan 153-8505
| | - Juliana Emiko Itako
- Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan 153-8505
| | - Kazuki Ishida
- Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan 153-8505
| | - Naoko Yoshie
- Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan 153-8505
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36
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Huang W, Luo C, Zhang J, Han Y. Formation of ordered microphase-separated pattern during spin coating of ABC triblock copolymer. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:104901. [PMID: 17362081 DOI: 10.1063/1.2710277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the authors have systematically studied the microphase separation and crystallization during spin coating of an ABC triblock copolymer, polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO). The microphase separation of PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO and the crystallization of PEO blocks can be modulated by the types of the solvent and the substrate, the spinning speed, and the copolymer concentration. Ordered microphase-separated pattern, where PEO and P2VP blocks adsorbed to the substrate and PS blocks protrusions formed hexagonal dots above the P2VP domains, can only be obtained when PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO is dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide and the films are spin coated onto the polar substrate, silicon wafers or mica. The mechanism of the formation of regular pattern by microphase separation is found to be mainly related to the inducement of the substrate (middle block P2VP wetting the polar substrate), the quick vanishment of the solvent during the early stage of the spin coating, and the slow evaporation of the remaining solvent during the subsequent stage. On the other hand, the probability of the crystallization of PEO blocks during spin coating decreases with the reduced film thickness. When the film thickness reaches a certain value (3.0 nm), the extensive crystallization of PEO is effectively prohibited and ordered microphase-separated pattern over large areas can be routinely prepared. When the film thickness exceeds another definite value (12.0 nm), the crystallization of PEO dominates the surface morphology. For films with thickness between these two values, microphase separation and crystallization can simultaneously occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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37
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Buschnakowski M, Adhikari R, Michler GH, Knoll K. Influence of the extrusion process on the morphology and micromechanical behavior of polystyrene-block-(polystyrene-co-butadiene)-block-polystyrene star block copolymer/homopolystyrene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Li Y, Meli L, Lim KT, Johnston KP, Green PF. Structural Inversion of Micellar Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060960r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Division of Image and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Pusan 608−739, South Korea
| | - Luciana Meli
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Division of Image and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Pusan 608−739, South Korea
| | - Kwon T. Lim
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Division of Image and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Pusan 608−739, South Korea
| | - Keith P. Johnston
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Division of Image and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Pusan 608−739, South Korea
| | - Peter F. Green
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Division of Image and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Pusan 608−739, South Korea
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39
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Hwang J, Huh J, Jung B, Hong JM, Park M, Park C. Highly ordered microstructures of poly(styrene-b-isoprene) block copolymers induced by solution meniscus. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Zhao J, Jiang S, Ji X, An L, Jiang B. Study of the time evolution of the surface morphology of thin asymmetric diblock copolymer films under solvent vapor. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Adhikari R, Huy TA, Henning S, Michler GH, Knoll K. Morphology and deformation behaviour of SBS/PS blends: a combined microscopic and spectroscopic study. Colloid Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-004-1085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Cohen Y, Thomas EL. Effect of Defects on the Response of a Layered Block Copolymer to Perpendicular Deformation: One-Dimensional Necking. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034533e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yachin Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 32000, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 32000, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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