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Lee S, Kim J, Lee H. Substrate Dependence of CdSe/ZnS Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes: A Comparative Study between Rigid Glass and Flexible Plastic Substrates. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111780. [PMID: 37299683 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of substrate characteristics on the performance of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) with the aim of developing high-performance flexible QLEDs. Specifically, we compared QLEDs made with a flexible polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate to those made with a rigid glass substrate, using the same materials and structure except for the substrates. Our findings indicate that the PEN QLED had a 3.3 nm wider full width at half maximum and a 6 nm redshifted spectrum in comparison to the glass QLED. Additionally, the PEN QLED exhibited a 6% higher current efficiency, a flatter current efficiency curve, and a 2.25-V lower turn-on voltage, indicating superior overall characteristics. We attribute the spectral difference to the optical properties of the PEN substrate, such as light transmittance and refractive index. Our study also revealed that the electro-optical properties of the QLEDs were consistent with the electron-only device and transient electroluminescence results, which suggests that the improved charge injection properties of the PEN QLED were responsible. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the relationship between substrate characteristics and QLED performance, which can be used to develop high-performance QLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Lee
- Department of Electronic Materials, Devices and Equipment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimyoung Kim
- Department of Electronic Materials, Devices and Equipment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Honyeon Lee
- Department of Electronic Materials, Devices and Equipment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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Seguela R. Overview and critical survey of polyamide6 structural habits: Misconceptions and controversies. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seguela
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique MATEIS, INSA de Lyon, CNRS ‐ UMR 5510, Université de Lyon, Campus LyonTech La Doua Villeurbanne France
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Kobayashi T, Saito H. Structural Evolution of Two-Phase Blends of Polycarbonate and PMMA by Simultaneous Biaxial Stretching. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E950. [PMID: 30960875 PMCID: PMC6404030 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the structural evolution of the two-phase blends of polycarbonate (PC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at various blend compositions by simultaneous biaxial stretching, using optical microscopy and SEM observation. The spherical PMMA domains and PC matrix of 30/70 PC/PMMA were enlarged uniformly at the all in-plane direction, while the anisotropic-shaped co-continuous structure in 50/50 PC/PMMA was deformed to a crosshatched structure by the in-plane bimodal orientation. In 70/30 PC/PMMA, the phase inversion was found to occur by simultaneous biaxial stretching; that is, the spherical PMMA domains were changed to a crosshatched matrix by the in-plane bimodal orientation due to coalescence of the PMMA domains during the stretching. Owing to the phase inversion, the surface hardness estimated by the pencil hardness test became harder, from 2B to 2H, increasing the strain from 1.0 to 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kobayashi
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Saito
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Baek SS, Kim JY, Yun JH, Hwang SH. Synthesis and thermal properties of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) copolyesters containing modified diacid monomer. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Suk Baek
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering; Dankook University; Yongin Gyeonggi 448-701 Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeol Kim
- Chonan R&D Center; KITECH; Chonan Chnugnam 330-828 Korea
| | - Ju-Ho Yun
- Materials and Components R&D Division; KATECH; Chonan Chungnam 330-912 Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hwang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering; Dankook University; Yongin Gyeonggi 448-701 Korea
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6
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Lei Y, Liu T, Chen Z, Lu A, Wang X, Zhao X. Morphology, mechanical and dielectric properties, and rheological behavior of EAGMA toughened microcellular PEI–EAGMA foam. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EAGMA plays an important role in the microcellular structure formation and had an excellent toughening effect on the PEI–EAGMA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Lei
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Zhenglei Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Ai Lu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhong Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
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Meng L, Li J, Cui K, Chen X, Lin Y, Xu J, Li L. A simple constrained uniaxial tensile apparatus for in situ investigation of film stretching processing. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:115104. [PMID: 24289434 DOI: 10.1063/1.4828665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple constrained uniaxial tensile apparatus was designed and constructed to obtain stress-strain curve during stretching and subsequent structural evolution of polymeric films. Stretch is carried out through two motor driven clamps in the machine direction and scissor-like clamps in the transverse direction keeping the sample width constant. The force information during film stretching process is recorded by a tension sensor and structural evolution can be obtained by in situ X-ray scattering technique. All parameters related to film stretching manufacturing, such as temperature, draw ratio, and stretching speed can be set independently, making the apparatus an effective method to explore the relationship between processing parameters and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingpu Meng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Novel impacts of glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PETG) to crystallization behavior of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) within stretched miscible blends. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Mohammadi M, Yousefi AA, Ehsani M. Study of the thermal and mechanical properties of blown films of high- and low-density polyethylene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Zhou X, Cakmak M. Stress–strain behavior as related to surface topography and thickness uniformity in uni- and biaxially stretched PVDF/PMMA blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Zhou X, Cakmak M. Influence of composition and annealing on the structure development in biaxially stretched PEN/PEI/PEEK ternary blends. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Miscibility and transesterification in ternary blends of poly(ethylene naphthalate)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(ether imide). Colloid Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-005-1316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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The suppression of strain induced crystallization in PET through sub micron TiO2 particle incorporation. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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McGonigle EA, Liggat JJ, Pethrick RA, Jenkins SD, Daly JH, Hayward D. Permeability of N2, Ar, He, O2, and CO2through as-extruded amorphous and biaxially oriented polyester films: Dependence on chain mobility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Capt L, Rettenberger S, Münstedt H, Kamal MR. Simultaneous biaxial deformation behavior of isotactic polypropylene films. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Venkatesvaran H, Cakmak M. Kinetics of structural evolution during crystallization of preoriented PET as followed by dual wavelength photometric birefringence technique. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Huang JM. Miscibility, melting, and crystallization of poly(butylene-2,6-naphthalate)/poly(ether imide) blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Song K, White JL. Single and double bubble tubular film extrusion of polyethylene 2, 6-naphthalate (PEN). POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jarecki L, Ziabicki A. Molecular orientation and stress in biaxially deformed polymers. II. Steady potential flow. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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20
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Jarecki L, Ziabicki A. Development of molecular orientation and stress in biaxially deformed polymers. I. Affine deformation in a solid state. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McGonigle EA, Liggat J, Pethrick R, Jenkins S, Daly J, Hayward D. Permeability of N 2 , Ar, He, O 2 and CO 2 through biaxially oriented polyester films — dependence on free volume. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Galay J, Cakmak M. Online monitoring of birefringence development in heat-setting polymer films with a fast dual-wavelength optical technique. II. Uniaxially oriented PEN/PEI films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Galay J, Cakmak M. Online monitoring of birefringence development in heat-setting polymer films with a fast dual-wavelength optical technique. I. Uniaxially oriented poly(ethylene naphthalate). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Weber MF, Stover CA, Gilbert LR, Nevitt TJ, Ouderkirk AJ. Giant birefringent optics in multilayer polymer mirrors. Science 2000; 287:2451-6. [PMID: 10741958 DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5462.2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Multilayer mirrors that maintain or increase their reflectivity with increasing incidence angle can be constructed using polymers that exhibit large birefringence in their indices of refraction. The most important feature of these multilayer interference stacks is the index difference in the thickness direction (z axis) relative to the in-plane directions of the film. This z-axis refractive index difference provides a variable that determines the existence and value of the Brewster's angle at layer interfaces, and it controls both the interfacial Fresnel reflection coefficient and the phase relations that determine the optics of multilayer stacks. These films can yield optical results that are difficult or impossible to achieve with conventional multilayer optical designs. The materials and processes necessary to fabricate such films are amenable to large-scale manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- MF Weber
- 3M Film/Light Management Technology Center, 3M Center, St. Paul, MN 55144, USA
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