1
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Ding W, Hanson J, Burghardt WR, López-Barrón CR, Robertson ML. Shear Alignment Mechanisms of Close-Packed Spheres in a Bulk ABA Triblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Ding
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Josiah Hanson
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Wesley R. Burghardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois,60208, United States
| | | | - Megan L. Robertson
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
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2
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Yavitt BM, Fei H, Kopanati G, Li R, Fukuto M, Winter HH, Watkins JJ. Long-Range Lamellar Alignment in Diblock Bottlebrush Copolymers via Controlled Oscillatory Shear. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Yavitt
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Huafeng Fei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gayathri Kopanati
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - H. Henning Winter
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 N Pleasant St., Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - James J. Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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3
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Müller M. Process-directed self-assembly of copolymers: Results of and challenges for simulation studies. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Chandran S, Baschnagel J, Cangialosi D, Fukao K, Glynos E, Janssen LMC, Müller M, Muthukumar M, Steiner U, Xu J, Napolitano S, Reiter G. Processing Pathways Decide Polymer Properties at the Molecular Level. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Baschnagel
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastin, Spain
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O.
Box 1385, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Liesbeth M. C. Janssen
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Murugappan Muthukumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jun Xu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP223, Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
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5
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Sidler D, Bleiziffer P, Riniker S. Beyond the Rosenfeld Equation: Computation of Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectra for Anisotropic Solutions. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:2492-2503. [PMID: 30802403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The difference in absorption of left and right circularly polarized light by chiral molecules can be described by the Rosenfeld equation for isotropic samples. It allows the assignment of the absolute stereochemistry by comparing experimental and computationally derived spectra. Despite the simple form of the Rosenfeld equation, its evaluation in the infrared regime remained challenging, as the contribution from the magnetic dipole operator is zero within the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation. In order to resolve this issue, "beyond BO" theories had to be developed, among which Stephen's magnetic field perturbation (MFP) approach offers a computationally easily accessible form. In this work, optical activity is discussed for cylindrically symmetric solutions, which cannot be described anymore by Rosenfeld's equation due to broken spherical symmetry. Mathematical properties of natural and electric-field induced anisotropies are discussed on the basis of the gauge-independent theoretical framework of Buckingham and Dunn. The issue of achiral noise arising from external field perturbations is considered, and potential remedies are introduced. Natural anisotropic vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) equations are solved numerically by applying the MFP approach within the Hartree-Fock (HF) formalism. Properties of anisotropic VCD spectra are discussed for R-(+)-methyloxirane and (1 S,2 S)-cyclopropane-1,2-dicarbonitrile. In particular, by using a group theoretical argument, a gauge-independent lower bound for the quadrupole contribution of C2-symmetric molecules can be identified, which allows the importance of additional quadrupole terms in anisotropic VCD spectra calculation to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Sidler
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bleiziffer
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Sereina Riniker
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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6
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Schneider L, Heck M, Wilhelm M, Müller M. Transitions between Lamellar Orientations in Shear Flow. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Schneider
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Heck
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Yavitt BM, Gai Y, Song DP, Winter HH, Watkins JJ. High Molecular Mobility and Viscoelasticity of Microphase-Separated Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymer Melts. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Yavitt
- Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yue Gai
- Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Dong-Po Song
- Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - H. Henning Winter
- Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - James J. Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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8
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Kathrein CC, Pester C, Ruppel M, Jung M, Zimmermann M, Böker A. Reorientation mechanisms of block copolymer/CdSe quantum dot composites under application of an electric field. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8417-8424. [PMID: 27714368 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01073c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Time- and temperature-resolved in situ birefringence measurements were applied to analyze the effect of nanoparticles on the electric field-induced alignment of a microphase separated solution of poly(styrene)-block-poly(isoprene) in toluene. Through the incorporation of isoprene-confined CdSe quantum dots the reorientation behavior is altered. Particle loading lowers the order-disorder transition temperature, and increases the defect density, favoring nucleation and growth as an alignment mechanism over rotation of grains. The temperature dependent alteration in the reorientation mechanism is analyzed via a combination of birefringence and synchrotron SAXS. The detailed understanding of the effect of nanoparticles on the reorientation mechanism is an important prerequisite for optimization of electric-field-induced alignment of block copolymer/nanoparticle composites where the block copolymer guides the nanoparticle self-assembly into anisotropic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Kathrein
- DWI - Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Pester
- University of California, Materials Research Laboratory, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Markus Ruppel
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung - IAP, Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Maike Jung
- DWI - Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung - IAP, Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung - IAP, Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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9
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Thorkelsson K, Bronstein N, Xu T. Nanorod-Based Supramolecular Nanocomposites: Effects of Nanorod Length. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting Xu
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Wang S, Xie R, Vajjala Kesava S, Gomez ED, Cochran EW, Robertson ML. Close-Packed Spherical Morphology in an ABA Triblock Copolymer Aligned with Large-Amplitude Oscillatory Shear. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Renxuan Xie
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and the Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sameer Vajjala Kesava
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and the Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Enrique D. Gomez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and the Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Eric W. Cochran
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Megan L. Robertson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
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11
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Fujii S, Yamamoto Y. Dynamic orientation transition of the lyotropic lamellar phase at high shear rates. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:9330-9341. [PMID: 26430801 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic orientation behavior of the lamellar phase of a triblock copolymer is studied in a wide range of shear rates as a function of solvent composition. We find that various phases can be induced by increasing the shear rate. At low shear rates, the onion phase forms from planar lamellae with many defects. A further increase of the shear rate caused the onion structure to break down, and the lamellar phase recovers with fewer defects. Finally, the transition of the orientation from parallel to perpendicular is observed at high shear rates. In the orientation transition at high shear rates, a stable intermediate structure, to our knowledge, is found for the first time. We also find that the critical shear stress of the rupture of the onion phase coincides with the orientation transition. The consistency of the critical shear stress suggests that all orientation transitions at a high shear rate are dominated by a mechanical balance between the applied viscous stress and the internal relaxation mode of the lamellae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Fujii
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka 940-2188, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka 940-2188, Japan.
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12
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Vriezekolk EJ, Kudernac T, de Vos WM, Nijmeijer K. Composite ultrafiltration membranes with tunable properties based on a self-assembling block copolymer/homopolymer system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Vriezekolk
- Membrane Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Kudernac
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Wiebe M. de Vos
- Membrane Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Kitty Nijmeijer
- Membrane Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
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13
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Hickey RJ, Gillard TM, Lodge TP, Bates FS. Influence of Composition Fluctuations on the Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Symmetric Diblock Copolymers near the Order-Disorder Transition. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:260-265. [PMID: 35596419 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rheological evidence of composition fluctuations in disordered diblock copolymers near the order-disorder transition (ODT) has been documented in the literature over the past three decades, characterized by a failure of time-temperature superposition (tTS) to reduce linear dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS) data in the terminal viscoelastic regime to a temperature-independent form. However, for some materials, most notably poly(styrene-b-isoprene) (PS-PI), no signature of these rheological features has been found. We present small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) results on symmetric poly(cyclohexylethylene-b-ethylene) (PCHE-PE) diblock copolymers that confirm the presence of fluctuations in the disordered state and DMS measurements that also show no sign of the features ascribed to composition fluctuations. Assessment of DMS results published on five different diblock copolymer systems leads us to conclude that the effects of composition fluctuations can be masked by highly asymmetric block dynamics, thereby resolving a long-standing disagreement in the literature and reinforcing the importance of mechanical contrast in understanding the dynamics of ordered and disordered block polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Hickey
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy M. Gillard
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical Engineering and Materials
Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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14
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Mahmood N, Anton AM, Gupta G, Babur T, Knoll K, Thurn-Albrecht T, Kremer F, Beiner M, Weidisch R. Influence of shear processing on morphology orientation and mechanical properties of styrene butadiene triblock copolymers. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Xue J, Singh G, Qiang Z, Yager KG, Karim A, Vogt BD. Facile control of long range orientation in mesoporous carbon films with thermal zone annealing velocity. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:12440-12447. [PMID: 24166452 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03591c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ordered mesoporous carbons exhibit appealing properties for many applications, but their function and performance can depend critically on their structure. The in-plane orientation of 2D cylinders from the cooperative assembly of Pluronic P123 and resol has been controlled by application of cold zone annealing (CZA). By varying the moving rate, the preferential in-plane orientation of the self-assembled cylinders can be tuned through the entire 180° range possible from ϕ = 50° to ϕ = -130° (relative to the moving direction). At a moving rate of 2 μm s(-1), this simple and easy CZA process leads to cylinders that are well aligned parallel to the moving direction with a high orientational factor of S = 0.98. Moreover, the in-plane oriented cylinders can be nearly perfectly aligned transverse to the moving direction (S = 0.95) by simply decreasing the moving velocity to 0.5 μm s(-1). We attribute the parallel alignment to the flow that develops from the motion of the thermal gradients, while the transverse alignment is related to flow cessation (inertial effect). The preferential orientation is retained through the carbonization process, but there is some degradation in orientation due to insufficient crosslinking of the resol during CZA; this effect is most prominent for the higher moving rates (less time for crosslinking), but can be overcome by post-CZA annealing at uniform elevated temperatures to further crosslink the resol. CZA is a simple and powerful method for fabricating well-aligned and self-assembled mesoporous carbon films over large areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Xue
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
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16
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Saijo K, Shin G, Hashimoto T, Amemiya Y, Ito K. Strain-Phase-Resolved Dynamic SAXS Studies of BCC-Spherical Domains in Block Copolymers under LAOS: Creation of Twinned BCC-Sphere and Their Dynamic Response. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302559w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Saijo
- Department of Polymer
Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Gakuji Shin
- Department of Polymer
Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeji Hashimoto
- Department of Polymer
Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Amemiya
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduated
School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ito
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduated
School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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17
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Peters BL, Ramírez-Hernández A, Pike DQ, Müller M, de Pablo JJ. Nonequilibrium Simulations of Lamellae Forming Block Copolymers under Steady Shear: A Comparison of Dissipative Particle Dynamics and Brownian Dynamics. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301541f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L. Peters
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Abelardo Ramírez-Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Darin Q. Pike
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United
States
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institut für
Theoretische
Physik, Georg-August Universität, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United
States
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18
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Wode F, Tzounis L, Kirsten M, Constantinou M, Georgopanos P, Rangou S, Zafeiropoulos NE, Avgeropoulos A, Stamm M. Selective localization of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in homopolymer blends and a diblock copolymer. Rheological orientation studies of the final nanocomposites. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Wang D, Nakajima K, Fujinami S, Shibasaki Y, Wang JQ, Nishi T. Characterization of morphology and mechanical properties of block copolymers using atomic force microscopy: Effects of processing conditions. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Thorkelsson K, Mastroianni AJ, Ercius P, Xu T. Direct nanorod assembly using block copolymer-based supramolecules. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:498-504. [PMID: 22188307 DOI: 10.1021/nl2040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Developing routes to control the organization of one-dimensional nanomaterials, such as nanorods, with high precision is critical to generate functional materials since the collective properties depend on their spatial arrangements, interparticle ordering, and macroscopic alignment. We have systematically investigated the coassemblies of nanorods and block copolymer (BCP)-based supramolecules and showed that the energetic contributions from nanorod ligand-polymer interactions, polymer chain deformation, and rod-rod interactions are comparable and can be tailored to disperse nanorods with control over inter-rod ordering and the alignment of nanorods within BCP microdomains. By varying the supramolecular morphology and chemical nature of the nanorods, two highly sought-after morphologies, that is, nanoscopic networks of nanorods and nanorod arrays parallel to cylindrical BCP microdomains can be obtained. The supramolecular approach can be applied to achieve morphological control in nanorod-containing nanocomposites toward fabrication of optical and electronic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Thorkelsson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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21
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Duan J, Zhang J, Jiang P. Effect of external electric field on morphologies and properties of the cured epoxy and epoxy/acrylate systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Okano K, Mikami Y, Hidaka M, Yamashita T. Photoresponsive Liquid-Crystalline Polymers Containing a Block Mesogenic Side Chain: Systematic Studies on Structural Parameters for Nanophase-Separated Structures. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200558t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Okano
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mikami
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mai Hidaka
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Marencic AP, Adamson DH, Chaikin PM, Register RA. Shear alignment and realignment of sphere-forming and cylinder-forming block-copolymer thin films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 81:011503. [PMID: 20365377 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.011503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In common with many other structured fluids, block copolymers can be effectively oriented by shear. This susceptibility to shear alignment has previously been shown to hold even in thin films, containing as few as two layers of spherical microdomains, or even a single layer of cylindrical microdomains. A phenomenological model has been proposed [M. W. Wu, R. A. Register, and P. M. Chaikin, Phys. Rev. E 74, 040801(R) (2006)] to describe the alignment of such block-copolymer films, yielding the microdomain lattice order parameter as a function of shearing temperature, stress, and time. Here we directly test the central idea of that model, that the grains which are most misaligned with the shear direction are selectively destroyed, to reform in a direction more closely aligned with the shear. Films are first shear aligned from a polygrain state into a monodomain orientation and are then subjected to a second shear, at a variable stress (sigma) and misorientation angle (deltatheta) relative to the monodomain director, allowing the effects of sigma and deltatheta to be independently and systematically probed. For both cylinder-forming and sphere-forming block copolymers, these experiments confirm the basic premise of the model, as the stress required for realignment increases monotonically as deltatheta becomes smaller. For a cylinder-forming block copolymer, we find that the characteristic stress sigma(c) required to realign cylinders from one monodomain orientation to another is indistinguishable from that required to generate a monodomain orientation from the polygrain state. By contrast, the hexagonal lattice of spheres requires a value of sigma(c) more than 3 times as high for reorientation than for generation of the initial monodomain orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Marencic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Olszowka V, Hund M, Kuntermann V, Scherdel S, Tsarkova L, Böker A. Electric field alignment of a block copolymer nanopattern: direct observation of the microscopic mechanism. ACS NANO 2009; 3:1091-1096. [PMID: 19388703 DOI: 10.1021/nn900081u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using quasi-in-situ scanning force microscopy we study the details of nanopattern alignment in ABC terblock copolymer thin films in the presence of an in-plane electric field. Because of the surface interactions and electric field the lamellae are oriented both perpendicular to the plane of the film and parallel to the electric field. We identified two distinct defect types which govern the orientation mechanism. Ring-like (tori) and open-end defects dominate at the early stage of the orientation process, while mainly classic topological defects (disclinations and dislocations) are involved in long-range ordering at the late stages. Comparison of the time evolution of the defect density with the evolution of the orientational order parameter suggests that tori-defects are essential for the effective reorientation. Further, the quasi-in-situ SFM imaging allowed us to elucidate the influence of the electric field strength on the propagation velocity of the topological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Olszowka
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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25
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Handge UA, Buschnakowski M, Michler GH. Deformation and alignment of lamellae in melt extension of blends of a styrene-butadiene block copolymer with polystyrene. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Xia Y, Sun Z, Shi T, Chen J, An L, Jia Y. Self-assembly of rod-terminally tethered three-armed star-shaped coil block copolymer: Investigation of the presence of the branching in the coil to the self-assembled behavior. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Yung KL, He L, Xu Y, Kong J. Phase transition of LCP fluids confined in nanochannels through MD simulation. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Di Cola E, Fleury C, Panine P, Cloitre M. Steady Shear Flow Alignment and Rheology of Lamellae-Forming ABC Triblock Copolymer Solutions: Orientation, Defects, and Disorder. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702876k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Di Cola
- Laboratoire Matière Molle et Chimie, UMR ESPCI-CNRS 7167, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France, and European Synchroton Research Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Carine Fleury
- Laboratoire Matière Molle et Chimie, UMR ESPCI-CNRS 7167, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France, and European Synchroton Research Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Panine
- Laboratoire Matière Molle et Chimie, UMR ESPCI-CNRS 7167, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France, and European Synchroton Research Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Cloitre
- Laboratoire Matière Molle et Chimie, UMR ESPCI-CNRS 7167, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France, and European Synchroton Research Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
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Wu XF, Dzenis YA. Phase-field modeling of the formation of lamellar nanostructures in diblock copolymer thin films under inplanar electric fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:031807. [PMID: 18517414 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.031807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments show that external inplanar electric field can be employed to guide the molecular self-assembly in diblock copolymer (BCP) thin films to form lamellar nanostructures with potential applications in nanotechnology. We study this self-assembly process through a detailed coarse-grained phase-separation modeling. During the process, the free energy of the BCP films is modeled as the Ginzburg-Landau free energy with nonlocal interaction and electrostatic coupling. The resulting Cahn-Hilliard (CH) equation is solved using an efficient semi-implicit Fourier-spectral algorithm. Numerical results show that the morphology of order parameter formed in either symmetric or asymmetric BCP thin films is strongly influenced by the electric field. For symmetrical BCPs, highly ordered lamellar nanostructures evolved along the direction of the electric field. Phase nucleation and dislocation climbing in the BCP films predicted by the numerical simulation are in a good agreement with those observed in recent BCP electronanolithography. For asymmetrical BCPs, numerical simulation shows that nanodots are guided to align to the electric field. Furthermore, in the case of high electric field, nanodots formed in asymmetrical BCPs may further convert into highly ordered lamellar nanostructures (sphere-to-cylinder transition) parallel to the electric field. Effects of the magnitude of electric field, BCP asymmetry, and molecular interaction of BCPs on the self-assembly process are examined in detail using the numerical scheme developed in this study. The present study can be used for the prediction of the formation of nanostructures in BCP thin films and the quality control of BCP-based nanomanufacturing through optimizing the external electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Fa Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0526, USA.
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31
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Oelschlaeger C, Gutmann JS, Wolkenhauer M, Spiess HW, Knoll K, Wilhelm M. Kinetics of Shear Microphase Orientation and Reorientation in Lamellar Diblock and Triblock Copolymer Melts as Detected via FT-Rheology and 2D-SAXS. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Bondzic S, Polushkin E, Schouten AJ, Ikkala O, ten Brinke G. The influence of grain size on the alignment of hexagonally ordered cylinders of self-assembled diblock copolymer-based supramolecules. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Control of Block Copolymer Microdomain Orientation from Solution using Electric Fields: Governing Parameters and Mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6330-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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35
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ten Brinke G, Ruokolainen J, Ikkala O. Supramolecular Materials Based On Hydrogen-Bonded Polymers. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2006_111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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36
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Laiho A, Ikkala O. A rheo-optical apparatus for real time kinetic studies on shear-induced alignment of self-assembled soft matter with small sample volumes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:015109. [PMID: 17503948 DOI: 10.1063/1.2409870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In soft materials, self-assembled nanoscale structures can allow new functionalities but a general problem is to align such local structures aiming at monodomain overall order. In order to achieve shear alignment in a controlled manner, a novel type of rheo-optical apparatus has here been developed that allows small sample volumes and in situ monitoring of the alignment process during the shear. Both the amplitude and orientation angles of low level linear birefringence and dichroism are measured while the sample is subjected to large amplitude oscillatory shear flow. The apparatus is based on a commercial rheometer where we have constructed a flow cell that consists of two quartz teeth. The lower tooth can be set in oscillatory motion whereas the upper one is connected to the force transducers of the rheometer. A custom made cylindrical oven allows the operation of the flow cell at elevated temperatures up to 200 degrees C. Only a small sample volume is needed (from 9 to 25 mm(3)), which makes the apparatus suitable especially for studying new materials which are usually obtainable only in small quantities. Using this apparatus the flow alignment kinetics of a lamellar polystyrene-b-polyisoprene diblock copolymer is studied during shear under two different conditions which lead to parallel and perpendicular alignment of the lamellae. The open device geometry allows even combined optical/x-ray in situ characterization of the alignment process by combining small-angle x-ray scattering using concepts shown by Polushkin et al. [Macromolecules 36, 1421 (2003)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Laiho
- Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, FI-02015 HUT, Espoo, Finland.
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37
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Buschnakowski M, Adhikari R, Michler GH, Knoll K. Influence of the extrusion process on the morphology and micromechanical behavior of polystyrene-block-(polystyrene-co-butadiene)-block-polystyrene star block copolymer/homopolystyrene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Khanna V, Cochran EW, Hexemer A, Stein GE, Fredrickson GH, Kramer EJ, Li X, Wang J, Hahn SF. Effect of Chain Architecture and Surface Energies on the Ordering Behavior of Lamellar and Cylinder Forming Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0609228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Khanna
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439; and Performance Plastics and Chemicals, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas 77541
| | - E. W. Cochran
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439; and Performance Plastics and Chemicals, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas 77541
| | - A. Hexemer
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439; and Performance Plastics and Chemicals, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas 77541
| | - G. E. Stein
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439; and Performance Plastics and Chemicals, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas 77541
| | - G. H. Fredrickson
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439; and Performance Plastics and Chemicals, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas 77541
| | - E. J. Kramer
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439; and Performance Plastics and Chemicals, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas 77541
| | - X. Li
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439; and Performance Plastics and Chemicals, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas 77541
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439; and Performance Plastics and Chemicals, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas 77541
| | - S. F. Hahn
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106; Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439; and Performance Plastics and Chemicals, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas 77541
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39
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Phillip WA, Rzayev J, Hillmyer MA, Cussler E. Gas and water liquid transport through nanoporous block copolymer membranes. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Olszowka V, Hund M, Kuntermann V, Scherdel S, Tsarkova L, Böker A, Krausch G. Large scale alignment of a lamellar block copolymer thin film via electric fields: a time-resolved SFM study. SOFT MATTER 2006; 2:1089-1094. [PMID: 32680212 DOI: 10.1039/b612304j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have devised a novel route towards a nanoscopically striped surface pattern with long range order the self-assembly of an ABC triblock terpolymer thin film exposed to an in-plane electric field. the interplay between surface interactions and the effect of the electric field the lamellae were oriented both perpendicular to the plane of the film and parallel to the electric field. Moreover, quasi scanning force microscopy measurements were used to follow the reorientation process as a function of time and to yield insight into the microscopic steps eventually leading to the ordered microdomain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Olszowka
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Markus Hund
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Volker Kuntermann
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Sabine Scherdel
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Physik, TU Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Larisa Tsarkova
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Alexander Böker
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Georg Krausch
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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41
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Kyrylyuk AV, Fraaije JGEMH. Electric field versus surface alignment in confined films of a diblock copolymer melt. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:164716. [PMID: 17092129 DOI: 10.1063/1.2360947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of alignment of microstructure in confined films of diblock copolymer melts in the presence of an external electric field was studied numerically. We consider in detail a symmetric diblock copolymer melt, exhibiting a lamellar morphology. The method used is a dynamic mean-field density functional method, derived from the generalized time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory. The time evolution of concentration variables and therefore the alignment kinetics of the morphologies are described by a set of stochastic equations of a diffusion form with Gaussian noise. We investigated the effect of an electric field on block copolymers under the assumption that the long-range dipolar interaction induced by the fluctuations of composition pattern is a dominant mechanism of electric-field-induced domain alignment. The interactions with bounding electrode surfaces were taken into account as short-range interactions resulting in an additional term in the free energy of the sample. This term contributes only in the vicinity of the surfaces. The surfaces and the electric field compete with each other and align the microstructure in perpendicular directions. Depending on the ratio between electric field and interfacial interactions, parallel or perpendicular lamellar orientations were observed. The time scale of the electric-field-induced alignment is much larger than the time scale of the surface-induced alignment and microphase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy V Kyrylyuk
- Theoretical and Polymer Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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42
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Oh NK, Zin WC, Im JH, Lee M. Self-assembly of ABC coil-rod-coil triblock molecules with perforated lamellar mesophases. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Huang ZF, Viñals J. Orientation selection in lamellar phases by oscillatory shears. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 73:060501. [PMID: 16906796 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.060501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to address the selection mechanism that is responsible for the unique lamellar orientation observed in block copolymers under oscillatory shears, we use a constitutive law for the dissipative part of the stress tensor that respects the uniaxial symmetry of a lamellar phase. An interface separating two domains oriented parallel and perpendicular to the shear is shown to be hydrodynamically unstable, a situation analogous to the thin layer instability of stratified fluids under shears. The resulting secondary flows break the degeneracy between the parallel and perpendicular lamellar orientation, leading to a preferred perpendicular orientation in certain ranges of parameters of the polymer and of the shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Huang
- McGill Institute for Advanced Materials and Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
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44
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Lee CH, Kim HB, Lim ST, Kim HS, Kwon YK, Choi HJ. Ordering Behavior of Layered Silicate Nanocomposites with a Cylindrical Triblock Copolymer. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200500445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Lee DH, Chang JA, Kim JK. Block copolymer as a template for electrically conductive nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b611456c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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The influence of incompatibility and dielectric contrast on the electric field-induced orientation of lamellar block copolymers. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Kyrylyuk AV, Fraaije JGEM(H. Three-Dimensional Structure and Motion of Twist Grain Boundaries in Block Copolymer Melts. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0509356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andriy V. Kyrylyuk
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Soft Matter Chemistry Group, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. E. M. (Hans) Fraaije
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Soft Matter Chemistry Group, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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48
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49
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Yang IK, Tsai PH. Rheological characterization and microphase-separated structure of a poly(ether-block-amide) segmented block copolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Narayanan B, Pryamitsyn VA, Ganesan V. Interfacial Phenomena in Polymer Blends: A Self-Consistent Brownian Dynamics Study. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharadwaj Narayanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Victor A. Pryamitsyn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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