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Santoni A, Guo MC, Heuzey MC, Carreau PJ. Surface Defects of TPO Injected Foam Parts for Automotive Applications. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2007-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Benefits of reduced vehicle weight can have an important environmental impact since there is a 6 to 8% improvement in fuel efficiency for every 10% in weight reduction. In this work, foaming technology is used to produce injection molded TPO parts (thermoplastic olefin compounds) for the automotive industry with a minimum of 20% weight reduction while retaining a glossy surface quality. It was found by Guo et al. (2006, 2007) that the best strategy to raise the surface quality was to decrease the shot size, the cycling time and the temperature of the injected melt. However, the targeted objective of a minimum of 20% weight reduction was not achieved in these preliminary experiments. Therefore, in this work a blend of TPO and maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was used in order to promote TPO foamability and improve the surface quality of injected parts. Under these conditions, we managed to produce injected molded TPO samples with a 24% weight reduction and good surface quality. Moreover, we investigated the effect of PP-g-MA in the TPO system by performing rheological measurements and photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PA-FTIR) analysis to characterize the PP-g-MA physico-chemical interactions with TPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Santoni
- Center for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - M.-C. Guo
- Center for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - M.-C. Heuzey
- Center for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - P. J. Carreau
- Center for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal , Quebec , Canada
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Baibarac M, Nila A, Smaranda I, Stroe M, Stingescu L, Cristea M, Cercel RC, Lorinczi A, Ganea P, Mercioniu I, Ciobanu R, Schreiner C, Garcia RG, Bartha C. Optical, Structural, and Dielectric Properties of Composites Based on Thermoplastic Polymers of the Polyolefin and Polyurethane Type and BaTiO 3 Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040753. [PMID: 33562686 PMCID: PMC7915712 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, new films containing composite materials based on blends of thermoplastic polymers of the polyurethane (TPU) and polyolefin (TPO) type, in the absence and presence of BaTiO3 nanoparticles (NPs) with the size smaller 100 nm, were prepared. The vibrational properties of the free films depending on the weight ratio of the two thermoplastic polymers were studied. Our results demonstrate that these films are optically active, with strong, broad, and adjustable photoluminescence by varying the amount of TPU. The crystalline structure of BaTiO3 and the influence of thermoplastic polymers on the crystallization process of these inorganic NPs were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The vibrational changes induced in the thermoplastic polymer's matrix of the BaTiO3 NPs were showcased by Raman scattering and FTIR spectroscopy. The incorporation of BaTiO3 NPs in the matrix of thermoplastic elastomers revealed the shift dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) band depending on the BaTiO3 NP concentration, which was capable of covering a wide visible spectral range. The dependencies of the dielectric relaxation phenomena with the weight of BaTiO3 NPs in thermoplastic polymers blends were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Baibarac
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, Atomistilor Street 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, R077125 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.); (A.L.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-3690170
| | - A. Nila
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, Atomistilor Street 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, R077125 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.); (A.L.); (P.G.)
| | - I. Smaranda
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, Atomistilor Street 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, R077125 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.); (A.L.); (P.G.)
| | - M. Stroe
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, Atomistilor Street 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, R077125 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.); (A.L.); (P.G.)
| | - L. Stingescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, Atomistilor Street 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, R077125 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.); (A.L.); (P.G.)
| | - M. Cristea
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, Atomistilor Street 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, R077125 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.); (A.L.); (P.G.)
| | - R. C. Cercel
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, Atomistilor Street 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, R077125 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.); (A.L.); (P.G.)
| | - A. Lorinczi
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, Atomistilor Street 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, R077125 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.); (A.L.); (P.G.)
| | - P. Ganea
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, Atomistilor Street 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, R077125 Bucharest, Romania; (A.N.); (I.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (R.C.C.); (A.L.); (P.G.)
| | - I. Mercioniu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomic Structures and Defects in Advanced Materials Laboratory, Atomistilor Street 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, R077125 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - R. Ciobanu
- SC All Green SRL, 8 George Cosbuc, 700470 Iasi, Romania; (R.C.); (C.S.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Technical University Gh. Asachi Iasi, Bd. Professor Dimitrie Mangeron 67, 70050 Iasi, Romania
| | - C. Schreiner
- SC All Green SRL, 8 George Cosbuc, 700470 Iasi, Romania; (R.C.); (C.S.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Technical University Gh. Asachi Iasi, Bd. Professor Dimitrie Mangeron 67, 70050 Iasi, Romania
| | - R. G. Garcia
- Izertis, Parque Cientifico Tecnologico, Avda. Del Jardin Botanico, 1345 Edificio Intra, 33203 Gijon, Spain;
| | - C. Bartha
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Magnetism and Superconductivity Laboratory, Atomistilor Street 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, R077125 Bucharest, Romania;
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Pichler A, Sowa MG. Using the linearization approach for synchronizing the phase of photoacoustic reference and sample data. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2004; 58:1228-1235. [PMID: 15527524 DOI: 10.1366/0003702042335975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Linearization of photoacoustic spectra is a technique that allows for detection of surface layers and the compensation of saturation effects in photoacoustic spectra by combining amplitude and phase information. The objective of this report is a thorough description of the linearization procedure. The influence of interferogram rotation on the real and imaginary parts of the complex Fourier transformation and on spectral phase angles is shown. The possibility of using the linearization approach to correct for phase differences between reference and sample data is discussed. The method can be used to calculate phase spectra from photoacoustic spectra taken with rapid scan spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Pichler
- Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council Canada, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 1Y6, Canada
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Kruczala K, Bokria JG, Schlick S. Thermal Aging of Heterophasic Propylene−Ethylene Copolymers: Spatial and Temporal Aspects of Degradation Based on ESR, ESR Imaging, and FTIR. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma025701q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kruczala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219
| | - Jayesh G. Bokria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219
| | - Shulamith Schlick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219
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Kruczala K, Varghese B, Bokria JG, Schlick S. Thermal Aging of Heterophasic Propylene−Ethylene Copolymers: Morphological Aspects Based on ESR, FTIR, and DSC. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma025700y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kruczala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219
| | - Biji Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219
| | - Jayesh G. Bokria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219
| | - Shulamith Schlick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219
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