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Al Sulaiman D, Gatehouse A, Ivanov AP, Edel JB, Ladame S. Length-Dependent, Single-Molecule Analysis of Short Double-Stranded DNA Fragments through Hydrogel-Filled Nanopores: A Potential Tool for Size Profiling Cell-Free DNA. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26673-26681. [PMID: 34085806 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fast sampling followed by sequence-independent sensing and length-dependent detection of short double-stranded DNA fragments, the size of those found in blood and other bodily fluids, is achieved using engineered molecular sensors, dubbed hydrogel-filled nanopores (HFNs). Fragments as short as 100 base pairs were blindly sampled and concentrated at the tip of an HFN before reversing the applied potential to detect and distinguish individual molecules based on fragment length as they translocate out of the nanopore. A remarkable 16-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio was observed in the eject configuration compared to the load configuration, enabling the resolution of fragments with a size difference of 50 nucleotides in length. This fast and versatile technology offers great tunability for both sampling and detection. While increasing sampling time leads to an increase in the local DNA concentration at the tip prior to detection, a linear correlation between the peak current and DNA fragment size enables good resolution of fragments up to 250 bp long.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Al Sulaiman
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Hub, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Alfie Gatehouse
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Aleksandar P Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Joshua B Edel
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Sylvain Ladame
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Hub, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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Park E, Ryu JH, Lee D, Lee H. Freeze-Thawing-Induced Macroporous Catechol Hydrogels with Shape Recovery and Sponge-like Properties. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4318-4329. [PMID: 33821606 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catechol-containing hydrogels have been exploited in biomedical fields due to their adhesive and cohesive properties, hemostatic abilities, and biocompatibility. Catechol moieties can be oxidized to o-catecholquinone, a chemically active intermediate, in the presence of oxygen to act as an electrophile to form catechol-catechol or catechol-amine/thiol adducts. To date, catechol cross-linking chemistry to fabricate hydrogels has been mostly performed at room temperature. Herein, we report large increases in catechol cross-linking reaction kinetics by the freeze-thawing process. The formation of ice crystals during freezing steps spatially condenses catechol-containing polymers into nearly frozen (yet unfrozen) regions, resulting in decreases in the polymeric chain distances. This environment allows great increases in catechol cross-linking kinetics, a phenomenon that can also occur during thawing steps. The increased cross-linking rate and spatial condensation in the cryogels provide unique wall and pore structures, which result in elastic, spongelike hydrogels. The moduli of the cryogels prepared by glycol-chitosan-catechol (g-chitosan-c) were improved by 3-6-fold compared to room temperature-cured conventional hydrogels, and the degree of improvement increased depending on the freezing time and the number of freeze-thawing cycles. Unlike typical cell encapsulations before cross-linking, which have often been a source of cytotoxicity, the macroporosity of cryogels allows nontoxic cell seeding with ease. This research offers a new way to utilize catechol cross-linking chemistry by freeze-thawing processes to simultaneously regulate mechanical strength and porous structures in catechol-containing hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsook Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Ryu
- Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Daiheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeshin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 55. Retrospective View on the More than 40 Years of Studies Performed in the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with Respect of the Cryostructuring Processes in Polymeric Systems. Gels 2020; 6:E29. [PMID: 32927850 PMCID: PMC7559272 DOI: 10.3390/gels6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of cryostructuring in polymeric systems, the techniques of the preparation of diverse cryogels and cryostructurates, the physico-chemical mechanisms of their formation, and the applied potential of these advanced polymer materials are all of high scientific and practical interest in many countries. This review article describes and discusses the results of more than 40 years of studies in this field performed by the researchers from the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences-one of the key centers, where such investigations are carried out. The review includes brief historical information, the description of the main effects and trends characteristic of the cryostructuring processes, the data on the morphological specifics inherent in the polymeric cryogels and cryostructurates, and examples of their implementation for solving certain applied tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Lozinsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 50. † Cryogels and Cryotropic Gel-Formation: Terms and Definitions. Gels 2018; 4:E77. [PMID: 30674853 PMCID: PMC6209254 DOI: 10.3390/gels4030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of cryogenically-structured polymeric materials are of significant scientific and applied interest in various areas. However, in spite of considerable attention to these materials and intensive elaboration of their new examples, as well as the impressive growth in the number of the publications and patents on this topic over the past two decades, a marked variability of the used terminology and definitions is frequently met with in the papers, reviews, theses, patents, conference presentations, advertising materials and so forth. Therefore, the aim of this brief communication is to specify the basic terms and definitions in the particular field of macromolecular science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Lozinsky
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Zinggeler M, Schönberg JN, Fosso PL, Brandstetter T, Rühe J. Functional Cryogel Microstructures Prepared by Light-Induced Cross-Linking of a Photoreactive Copolymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12165-12170. [PMID: 28357863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel, highly efficient method for the preparation of functional, microstructured and surface-attached cryogels is described. Photoinduced C,H-insertion reactions are used to generate cryogels in a single, rapid photo-cross-linking process. To this end, solutions containing both a photoreactive copolymer and the (bio)molecules to be immobilized are placed on a polymeric substrate followed by freezing and a short UV exposure. This strategy combines photolithography and cryogel formation allowing for a simultaneous generation and (bio)functionalization of cryogels in a single reaction step. To demonstrate the potential of the generated materials for bioanalytical applications, we successfully prepared DNA and protein cryogel microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Zinggeler
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg , Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Schönberg
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg , Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick L Fosso
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg , Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brandstetter
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg , Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg , Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Miyawaki O, Nishino H. Kinetic analysis of freeze denaturation of soyprotein by a generalized theoretical model for freeze-acceleration reaction. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Carvalho BMA, Da Silva SL, Da Silva LHM, Minim VPR, Da Silva MCH, Carvalho LM, Minim LA. Cryogel Poly(acrylamide): Synthesis, Structure and Applications. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2013.795902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Schacht E. Biopolymer-based hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a review. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1387-408. [PMID: 21388145 DOI: 10.1021/bm200083n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1075] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are physically or chemically cross-linked polymer networks that are able to absorb large amounts of water. They can be classified into different categories depending on various parameters including the preparation method, the charge, and the mechanical and structural characteristics. The present review aims to give an overview of hydrogels based on natural polymers and their various applications in the field of tissue engineering. In a first part, relevant parameters describing different hydrogel properties and the strategies applied to finetune these characteristics will be described. In a second part, an important class of biopolymers that possess thermosensitive properties (UCST or LCST behavior) will be discussed. Another part of the review will be devoted to the application of cryogels. Finally, the most relevant biopolymer-based hydrogel systems, the different methods of preparation, as well as an in depth overview of the applications in the field of tissue engineering will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Nikonorov VV, Ivanov RV, Kil’deeva NR, Bulatnikova LN, Lozinskii VI. Synthesis and characteristics of cryogels of chitosan crosslinked by glutaric aldehyde. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x10080092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Schacht E. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on the Rheological Properties of Gelatin Hydrogels. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911510377254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin has the ability to form a gel when cooled below the sol—gel temperature. In this study, the effects of various cryo-parameters, including the number of freeze—thaw cycles, cooling rate, thawing rate, and gelatin concentration, on the material properties were examined. The rheological properties of the cryogels improved with increasing cryo-cycles and decreasing cooling and thawing rates as well as were superior to those of the corresponding hydrogels formed at room temperature. In addition, the critical gelation concentration decreased after repeated cryo-treatments. Methacrylamide-modified gelatin was also treated cryogenically, followed by in situ UV irradiation to enable radical cross-linking. The cross-linking efficiency of specific gelatin concentrations improved with freeze—thawing. Cryogelation can be used to fine-tune the mechanical properties of hydrogels. This is of relevance to tissue engineering where porous gelatin hydrogels are used as biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - P. Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - E. Schacht
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium,
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Polymeric cryogels as a new family of macroporous and supermacroporous materials for biotechnological purposes. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-008-0131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Komarova GA, Starodubtsev SG, Lozinsky VI, Kalinina EV, Landfester K, Khokhlov AR. Intelligent gels and cryogels with entrapped emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:4467-4469. [PMID: 18386880 DOI: 10.1021/la703983v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Smart thermoresponsive gels and cryogels with incorporated emulsions have been synthesized and studied. The gels were obtained by three-dimensional copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide or N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine in the presence of dispersion of tetradecane stabilized with sodium dodecylsulfate. Polymerization was performed at room temperature and below the water crystallization temperature. Both composite gels and cryogels were capable of heat-induced collapse. The extent of the collapse of the composite gel prepared at room temperature was much smaller and without squeezing of the lipophilic phase out of the shrunk composite gel. In contrast, shrinking of the composite cryogel was accompanied by release of tetradecane emulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Komarova
- Chair of Physics of Polymers and Crystals, Physics Department, Mowcow State University, Leninsky Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
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Ivanov RV, Lozinsky VI, Noh SK, Han SS, Lyoo WS. Preparation and characterization of polyacrylamide cryogels produced from a high-molecular-weight precursor. I. Influence of the reaction temperature and concentration of the crosslinking agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Baier-Schenk A, Handschin S, von Schönau M, Bittermann A, Bächi T, Conde-Petit B. In situ observation of the freezing process in wheat dough by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM): Formation of ice and changes in the gluten network. J Cereal Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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