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Jovanović M, Tomić N, Cvijić S, Stojanović D, Ibrić S, Uskoković P. Mucoadhesive Gelatin Buccal Films with Propranolol Hydrochloride: Evaluation of Mechanical, Mucoadhesive, and Biopharmaceutical Properties. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:273. [PMID: 33670448 PMCID: PMC7922149 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study processes and characterizes propranolol hydrochloride/gelatin mucoadhesive buccal films. Two types of gelatin are used: Gelatin from porcine skin, type A (GA), and gelatin from bovine skin (GB). The influence of gelatin type on mechanical, mucoadhesive, and biopharmaceutical characteristics of buccal films is evaluated. Fourier-Transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis show that GA with propranolol hydrochloride (PRH) in the film (GAP) formed a physical mixture, whereas GB with PRH (GBP) form a compound-complex. Results of mechanical testing (tensile test, hardness) revealed that GAP films exhibit higher elastic modulus, tensile strength, and hardness. A mucoahesion test shows that GBP has higher adhesion strength, while GAP shows higher work of adhesion. Both in vitro release study and in silico simulation indicated that processed films can provide effective drug transport through the buccal mucosa. In silico simulation shows improved bioavailability from buccal films, in comparison to the immediate-release tablets-indicating that the therapeutic drug dose can be markedly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Jovanović
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (P.U.)
| | - Nataša Tomić
- Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sandra Cvijić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.C.); (S.I.)
| | - Dušica Stojanović
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (P.U.)
| | - Svetlana Ibrić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.C.); (S.I.)
| | - Petar Uskoković
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (P.U.)
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Podshivalov A, Zakharova M, Glazacheva E, Uspenskaya M. Gelatin/potato starch edible biocomposite films: Correlation between morphology and physical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1162-1172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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3
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Aguiar JP, Fernandes TAP, Nese C, Fernandes AI, Pinto JF. Production and characterization of spray-dried theophylline powders prepared from fresh milk for potential use in paediatrics. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 69:554-566. [PMID: 27484845 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work evaluates the potential of using fresh milk to deliver theophylline to children. METHODS Theophylline-fresh milk systems were prepared using different solids ratios (0 : 1-1 : 0) and three fat contents in commercial milks (low, medium and high), which were spray-dried at different inlet air temperatures (Tinlet - 105, 130 and 150 °C). The process was evaluated for yield and the resulting powders for moisture content (MC), particle size and shape, density and wettability. Theophylline-milk potential interactions (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR) and chemical (theophylline content) and microbiological stability of powders (shelf and in-use) were also evaluated. KEY FINDINGS The production yield (13.6-76.0%), MC (0.0-10.3%) and contact angles in water (77.29-93.51°) were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by Tinlet , but no differences were found concerning the mean particle size (3.0-4.3 μm) of the different powders. The milk fat content significantly (P < 0.05) impacted on the density (1.244-1.552 g/cm3 ). Theophylline content remained stable after 6 months of storage, before extemporaneous reconstitution. After reconstitution in water, low-fat milk samples (stored at 4 °C) met the microbial pharmacopoeia criteria for up to 7 days. No theophylline-milk components interaction was observed. CONCLUSION Spray-dried milk-composed powders may be used as vehicles for theophylline delivery in paediatrics following further characterization and in-vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Aguiar
- CiiEM - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Tânia A P Fernandes
- CiiEM - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlotta Nese
- iMed.ULisboa - Dep. Farmácia Galénica e Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana I Fernandes
- CiiEM - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - João F Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa - Dep. Farmácia Galénica e Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Roussenova M, Enrione J, Diaz-Calderon P, Taylor A, Ubbink J, Alam M. Effect of polyols on the molecular organization and thermodynamic properties of low water content gelatin oligomers. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Liu XX, Wang YF, Zhang NZ, Shanks RA, Liu HS, Tong Z, Chen L, Yu L. Morphology and phase composition of gelatin-starch blends. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Zhang N, Liu X, Yu L, Shanks R, Petinaks E, Liu H. Phase composition and interface of starch-gelatin blends studied by synchrotron FTIR micro-spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 95:649-53. [PMID: 23648025 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The well recognized complex issue of compatibility between starch and gelatin was investigated based on their interface and phase composition using synchrotron FTIR micro-spectroscope. A high amylose (80%) corn starch grafted with flexible and hydrophilic hydroxpropyl groups and plasticized by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used in this work. The FTIR beam focused on a 5 μm×5 μm detection region and the micro-spectroscope was scanned across the gelatin-starch interface. It was found that there was about a 20 μm thickness layer where gelatin and starch were in co-existence, indicating that gelatin and starch are compatible to a certain degree in this system. The ratio of the areas of the saccharide CO bands (1180-953 cm(-1)) and the amide I and II bands (1750-1483 cm(-1)) was used to monitor the relative distributions of the two components of the blends. FTIR 2 and 3-dimensional maps indicated that gelatin constituted the continuous phase up to 80% of starch content. The PEG was homogeneously distributed in both gelatin and starch phases, and blurred the interface between gelatin and starch in the chemical maps, indicating that PEG acted not only as a plasticizer but as a compatibilizer for the gelatin-starch blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuozi Zhang
- CSIRO, Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, Vic. 3169, Australia
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Guo L, Zhu Y, Du XF. Compatibility studies on tea polysaccharide/amylose/water and tea polysaccharide/amylopectin/water. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:441-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Zhang N, Liu H, Yu L, Liu X, Zhang L, Chen L, Shanks R. Developing gelatin–starch blends for use as capsule materials. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:455-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van der Sman RGM. Soft matter approaches to food structuring. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 176-177:18-30. [PMID: 22579293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We give an overview of the many opportunities that arise from approaching food structuring from the perspective of soft matter physics. This branch of physics employs concepts that build upon the seminal work of van der Waals, such as free volume, the mean field, and effective temperatures. All these concepts aid scientists in understanding and controlling the thermodynamics and (slow) dynamics of structured foods. We discuss the use of these concepts in four topics, which will also be addressed in a forthcoming Faraday Discussion on food structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G M van der Sman
- Agrotechnology and Food Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands.
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Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Lippens E, Cornelissen M, Schacht E. Correlation Between Cryogenic Parameters and Physico-Chemical Properties of Porous Gelatin Cryogels. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 20:1417-38. [DOI: 10.1163/092050609x12457418905508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Van Vlierberghe
- a Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (Building S4 Bis), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P. Dubruel
- b Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (Building S4 Bis), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - E. Lippens
- c Department of Human Anatomy, Embryology, Histology and Medical Physics, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - M. Cornelissen
- d Department of Human Anatomy, Embryology, Histology and Medical Physics, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - E. Schacht
- e Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (Building S4 Bis), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Katopo L, Kasapis S, Hemar Y. Segregative phase separation in agarose/whey protein systems induced by sequence-dependent trapping and change in pH. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Glass transition temperatures of cassava starch–whey protein concentrate systems at low and intermediate water content. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Properties of gelatin films from giant catfish skin and bovine bone: a comparative study. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sablani SS, Syamaladevi RM, Swanson BG. A Review of Methods, Data and Applications of State Diagrams of Food Systems. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-010-9020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Enrione J, Osorio F, Pedreschi F, Hill S. Prediction of the Glass Transition Temperature on Extruded Waxy Maize and Rice Starches in Presence of Glycerol. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-010-0345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Glass transition temperatures of a ready to eat breakfast cereal formulation and its main components determined by DSC and DMTA. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Burey P, Bhandari B, Rutgers R, Halley P, Torley P. Confectionery Gels: A Review on Formulation, Rheological and Structural Aspects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910802223404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Badii F, Martinet C, Mitchell J, Farhat I. Enthalpy and mechanical relaxation of glassy gelatin films. Food Hydrocoll 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2005.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Blond G, Roudaut G, Simatos D, Champion D, Le Meste M. Interaction of Water with Food Components. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420028133.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Badii F, MacNaughtan W, Farhat IA. Enthalpy relaxation of gelatin in the glassy state. Int J Biol Macromol 2005; 36:263-9. [PMID: 16085307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Revised: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The enthalpy relaxation during the ageing of gelatin in the glassy state was studied for partially crystalline or amorphous materials at different water contents and ageing temperatures. The extent and rate of this relaxation associated with physical ageing were found to increase when the shifted temperature parameter (Ta-Tg) increased. This parameter was able to account for the effects of structure and water content (through Tg) and ageing temperature (Ta).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Badii
- Division of Food Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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22
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McFetridge J, Rades T, Lim M. Influence of hydrogenated starch hydrolysates on the glass transition and crystallisation of sugar alcohols. Food Res Int 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ottenhof MA, MacNaughtan W, Farhat IA. FTIR study of state and phase transitions of low moisture sucrose and lactose. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:2195-202. [PMID: 14553980 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mid-infrared spectra of freeze-dried sucrose and lactose systems were acquired over a range of temperatures (30-200 degrees C) and water contents (0-6.3%). Starting from the glassy state, the experimental conditions were selected to cover the main thermal transitions: the glass-rubber transition, the crystallisation and, for some samples, the subsequent melting. The FTIR spectra were very sensitive to the physical state. While subtle but systematic spectral differences between the glassy and rubbery states were detectable throughout the spectrum, a very pronounced increase in spectral resolution was observed as crystallisation occurred and was followed by the expected spectral broadening during melting. The temperatures at which these changes occurred were in satisfactory agreement with the transition temperatures measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The increase in molecular mobility as a result of increasing temperature or plasticisation by water led to a significant shift of the O-H stretching band to higher wavenumbers indicating a weakening of hydrogen bonding. This shift reached a maximum as the DSC measured crystallisation temperature range was approached. As expected, the crystallisation led to a highly effective hydrogen bonding network. This was more significant for lactose than for sucrose. No significant step change in hydrogen bonding was observed at Tg. As anticipated, the temperature at which these transitions occurred decreased with increasing water content but overlapped when observed in the context of the shifted temperature (T-Tg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Astrid Ottenhof
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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Farhat I, Mousia Z, Mitchell J. Structure and thermomechanical properties of extruded amylopectin–sucrose systems. Carbohydr Polym 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(02)00262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Zimeri J, Kokini J. Phase transitions of inulin–waxy maize starch systems in limited moisture environments. Carbohydr Polym 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(02)00127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Turner JA, Sivasundaram LR, Ottenhof MA, Farhat IA, Linforth RST, Taylor AJ. Monitoring chemical and physical changes during thermal flavor generation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:5406-5411. [PMID: 12207483 DOI: 10.1021/jf0203803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
On-line techniques were developed to monitor chemical and physical changes occurring during the heating of skim milk powder (SMP). Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCIMS) followed the generation and release of volatile compounds from SMP in a packed-bed reactor. Operating conditions were optimized to avoid condensation of high boiling compounds such as maltol, and the system was highly reproducible (CV < 7%). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of SMP identified a potential glass transition at an onset temperature of 67.9 degrees C and a series of exothermic events that were related to different stages of the Maillard reaction. No lactose crystallization was found after heating. Using a heated stage reflectance FTIR device, spectra were obtained at different temperatures. Analysis of the data showed a correlation between the intensity ratio at wavenumbers 1017 and 1064 cm(-1) and the glass transition measured by DSC. This FTIR system was not sensitive enough to detect Maillard intermediates. Combining data from the three techniques provides a fuller picture of the physical changes during the Maillard reaction and their effects on the chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Turner
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Meste ML, Champion D, Roudaut G, Blond G, Simatos D. Glass Transition and Food Technology: A Critical Appraisal. J Food Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Glass Transition Studies of Baked Tortilla Chips Using Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/fstl.2001.0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mousia Z, Farhat IA, Pearson M, Chesters MA, Mitchell JR. FTIR microspectroscopy study of composition fluctuations in extruded amylopectin-gelatin blends. Biopolymers 2001; 62:208-18. [PMID: 11391570 DOI: 10.1002/bip.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The spatial variation in the composition of nonexpanded biopolymer blends prepared by extrusion of mixtures of gelatin with either native or pregelatinized waxy maize starch was studied using a 30-microm aperture FTIR microspectroscopy technique. The ratio of the areas of the "saccharide" bands (953-1180 cm(-1)) and the amide I and II bands (1483-1750 cm(-1)) was used to monitor the relative distributions of the two components of the blend. Two calibration methods were used to obtain amylopectin concentration values from the ratios of the IR bands. The results suggested a high degree of heterogeneity in these blends, despite the thorough mixing expected by twin-screw extrusion processing. The concentration fluctuations were greater for the blends produced by extruding gelatin and native waxy maize starch mixtures. This was in agreement with the reduced degree of conversion of the starch granules when extruded in the presence of gelatin. The FTIR 2-dimensional maps obtained suggested that in the blends produced from either native or pregelatinized starch at all concentrations studied (25/75, 50/50, and 75/25 amylopectin/gelatin) the gelatin constituted the continuous phase. The effect of the spatial resolution on the FTIR microspectroscopy results was considered and the proposed interpretation was verified by the use of polarized light microscopy and FTIR microspectroscopy acquired at higher spatial resolution (10 microm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Mousia
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Farhat IA, Blanshard JMV, Descamps M, Mitchell JR. Effect of Sugars on Retrogradation of Waxy Maize Starch-Sugar Extrudates. Cereal Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.2000.77.2.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Farhat
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- Corresponding author. Phone: 44-(0)-115-9516134; Fax: 44-(0)-115-9516142; E-mail:
| | - J. M. V. Blanshard
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - M. Descamps
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - J. R. Mitchell
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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