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Papkov D, Delpouve N, Delbreilh L, Araujo S, Stockdale T, Mamedov S, Maleckis K, Zou Y, Andalib MN, Dargent E, Dravid VP, Holt MV, Pellerin C, Dzenis YA. Quantifying Polymer Chain Orientation in Strong and Tough Nanofibers with Low Crystallinity: Toward Next Generation Nanostructured Superfibers. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4893-4927. [PMID: 31038925 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Advanced fibers revolutionized structural materials in the second half of the 20th century. However, all high-strength fibers developed to date are brittle. Recently, pioneering simultaneous ultrahigh strength and toughness were discovered in fine (<250 nm) individual electrospun polymer nanofibers (NFs). This highly desirable combination of properties was attributed to high macromolecular chain alignment coupled with low crystallinity. Quantitative analysis of the degree of preferred chain orientation will be crucial for control of NF mechanical properties. However, quantification of supramolecular nanoarchitecture in NFs with low crystallinity in the ultrafine diameter range is highly challenging. Here, we discuss the applicability of traditional as well as emerging methods for quantification of polymer chain orientation in nanoscale one-dimensional samples. Advantages and limitations of different techniques are critically evaluated on experimental examples. It is shown that straightforward application of some of the techniques to sub-wavelength-diameter NFs can lead to severe quantitative and even qualitative artifacts. Sources of such size-related artifacts, stemming from instrumental, materials, and geometric phenomena at the nanoscale, are analyzed on the example of polarized Raman method but are relevant to other spectroscopic techniques. A proposed modified, artifact-free method is demonstrated. Outstanding issues and their proposed solutions are discussed. The results provide guidance for accurate nanofiber characterization to improve fundamental understanding and accelerate development of nanofibers and related nanostructured materials produced by electrospinning or other methods. We expect that the discussion in this review will also be useful to studies of many biological systems that exhibit nanofilamentary architectures and combinations of high strength and toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry Papkov
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0298 , United States
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- Département Systèmes Désordonnés et Polymères, Equipe Internationale de Recherche et de Caractérisation des Amorphes et des Polymères , Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA ROUEN, CNRS, GPM , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- Département Systèmes Désordonnés et Polymères, Equipe Internationale de Recherche et de Caractérisation des Amorphes et des Polymères , Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA ROUEN, CNRS, GPM , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Steven Araujo
- Département Systèmes Désordonnés et Polymères, Equipe Internationale de Recherche et de Caractérisation des Amorphes et des Polymères , Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA ROUEN, CNRS, GPM , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Taylor Stockdale
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
| | - Sergey Mamedov
- Division of HORIBA Instruments, Inc. , HORIBA Scientific , 20 Knightsbridge Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Kaspars Maleckis
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
| | - Mohammad Nahid Andalib
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
| | - Eric Dargent
- Département Systèmes Désordonnés et Polymères, Equipe Internationale de Recherche et de Caractérisation des Amorphes et des Polymères , Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA ROUEN, CNRS, GPM , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Martin V Holt
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Christian Pellerin
- Département de chimie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Yuris A Dzenis
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0298 , United States
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Go D, Jurásková A, Hoffmann A, Kapiti G, Kuehne AJC. Deep-Blue Fluorescent Particles via Microwave Heating of Polyacrylonitrile Dispersions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28169474 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Go
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52076 Aachen Germany
| | - Alena Jurásková
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52076 Aachen Germany
| | - Andreas Hoffmann
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52076 Aachen Germany
| | - Gent Kapiti
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52076 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52076 Aachen Germany
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Kulichikhin VG, Skvortsov IY, Mironova MI, Ozerin AN, Kurkin TS, Berkovich AK, Frenkin EI, Malkin AY. From Polyacrylonitrile, its Solutions, and Filaments to Carbon Fibers II. Spinning PAN-Precursors and their Thermal Treatment. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. G. Kulichikhin
- Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; Russian Academy of Science; 29, Leninskii Prospect Moscow 119991 Russia
- Chemistry Department of Lomonosov; Moscow State University; 1, Leninskiye Gory Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - I. Yu. Skvortsov
- Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; Russian Academy of Science; 29, Leninskii Prospect Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - M. I. Mironova
- Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; Russian Academy of Science; 29, Leninskii Prospect Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - A. N. Ozerin
- Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials; Russian Academy of Sciences; 70, Profsoyuznaya ul Moscow 117393 Russia
| | - T. S. Kurkin
- Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials; Russian Academy of Sciences; 70, Profsoyuznaya ul Moscow 117393 Russia
| | - A. K. Berkovich
- Chemistry Department of Lomonosov; Moscow State University; 1, Leninskiye Gory Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - E. I. Frenkin
- Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; Russian Academy of Science; 29, Leninskii Prospect Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - A. Ya. Malkin
- Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; Russian Academy of Science; 29, Leninskii Prospect Moscow 119991 Russia
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Youm JS, Kim JH, Kim CH, Kim JC, Kim YA, Yang KS. Densifying and strengthening of electrospun polyacrylonitrile-based nanofibers by uniaxial two-step stretching. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Je Sung Youm
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyo Kim
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Cheol Kim
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology; 6 Cheomdangwagiro 208 Beongil Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-480 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
| | - Kap Seung Yang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
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Almuhamed S, Bonne M, Khenoussi N, Brendle J, Schacher L, Lebeau B, Adolphe DC. Electrospinning composite nanofibers of polyacrylonitrile/synthetic Na-montmorillonite. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu S, Han K, Chen L, Zheng Y, Yu M. Structure and properties of partially cyclized polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber-precursor fiber prepared by melt-spun with ionic liquid as the medium of processing. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Keqing Han
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Muhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
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7
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Orientation and thermal properties of carbon nanotube/polyacrylonitrile nascent composite fibers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Rwei SP, Way TF, Hsu YS. Kinetics of cyclization reaction in poly(acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate/dimethyl itaconate) copolymer determined by a thermal analysis. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Tsuboi K, Marcelletti E, Matsumoto H, Ashizawa M, Minagawa M, Furuya H, Tanioka A, Abe A. Preparation of poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) nanofibers by electrospinning from isotropic and biphasic liquid crystal solutions. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2011.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Ravandi SAH, Sadrjahani M. Mechanical and structural characterizations of simultaneously aligned and heat treated PAN nanofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Stretching-induced orientation of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers by an electrically rotating viscoelastic jet for improving the mechanical properties. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Effects of copolymerization temperatures on structure and properties of melt-spinnable acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate copolymers and fibers. Macromol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-010-1115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Esrafilzadeh D, Jalili R, Morshed M. Crystalline order and mechanical properties of as-electrospun and post-treated bundles of uniaxially aligned polyacrylonitrile nanofiber. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The microstructure of the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors can strongly affect the
structure of the carbon fibers which determine the final mechanical properties of carbon fibers. The
orientation factors ( n f ) of PAN precursors under different draw ratios were characterized by the
birefringence ( n f ), which was obtained through polarized microscopy. The results show that the
increasing of the draw ratio may enhance the degree of orientation, which can correspondingly
improve the mechanical properties. However the increasing speed of the orientation factor slows
down as the draw ratio reached to 8.
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16
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Fabrication, structures, and properties of acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate copolymers and copolymers containing microencapsulated phase change materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Gu SY, Wu QL, Ren J, Vancso GJ. Mechanical Properties of a Single Electrospun Fiber and Its Structures. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200400667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Fennessey SF, Farris RJ. Fabrication of aligned and molecularly oriented electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and the mechanical behavior of their twisted yarns. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Wang KH, Chung IJ, Jang MC, Keum JK, Song HH. Deformation Behavior of Polyethylene/Silicate Nanocomposites As Studied by Real-Time Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020165n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Kusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hannam University, 133, Ojung-dong, Daeduk-gu, Daejeon 306-791, South Korea
| | - In Jae Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Kusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hannam University, 133, Ojung-dong, Daeduk-gu, Daejeon 306-791, South Korea
| | - Min Cheol Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Kusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hannam University, 133, Ojung-dong, Daeduk-gu, Daejeon 306-791, South Korea
| | - Jong Kahk Keum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Kusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hannam University, 133, Ojung-dong, Daeduk-gu, Daejeon 306-791, South Korea
| | - Hyun Hoon Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Kusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hannam University, 133, Ojung-dong, Daeduk-gu, Daejeon 306-791, South Korea
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