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Ohgi K, Hayashi Y, Tsuji T, Ito T, Leong KH, Usuda S, Kumada S, Okada K, Onuki Y. Time-domain NMR analysis for the determination of water content in pharmaceutical ingredients and wet granules. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120770. [PMID: 34111545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The application of time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) analysis to quantify water content in pharmaceutical ingredients is demonstrated. The initial phase of the study employed a range of disintegrants with defined amounts of added water (0-30% of the total weight) as samples; the disintegrants included croscarmellose sodium, corn starch, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, and crospovidone. After acquisition of the T2 relaxation curves of the samples by TD-NMR measurements, these curves were analyzed by partial least squares (PLS) regression. According to the analysis, accurate and reliable PLS models were created that enabled accurate assessment of water content in the samples. A powder blend consisting of acetaminophen (paracetamol) and tablet excipients was also examined. Both a physical mixture of the powder blend and a wet granule prepared with a high-speed granulator were tested as samples in this study. Precise determination of water content in the powder blend was achieved by using the TD-NMR method. The accuracy of water content determination was equivalent to or better than that of the conventional loss on drying method. TD-NMR analysis samples were measured nondestructively and rapidly with low cost; thus, it could be a powerful quantitative method for determining water content in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ohgi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1, Shimoumezawa Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuji
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1, Shimoumezawa Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Terushi Ito
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1, Shimoumezawa Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shui Usuda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shungo Kumada
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1, Shimoumezawa Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Kotaro Okada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Onuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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2
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Wang H, Yang W. Application of electrical capacitance tomography in pharmaceutical fluidised beds – A review. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Review of sensing technologies for measuring powder density variations during pharmaceutical solid dosage form manufacturing. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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Model-Based Scale-Up Methodologies for Pharmaceutical Granulation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050453. [PMID: 32423051 PMCID: PMC7284585 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, it is a major challenge to maintain consistent quality of drug products when the batch scale of a process is changed from a laboratory scale to a pilot or commercial scale. Generally, a pharmaceutical manufacturing process involves various unit operations, such as blending, granulation, milling, tableting and coating and the process parameters of a unit operation have significant effects on the quality of the drug product. Depending on the change in batch scale, various process parameters should be strategically controlled to ensure consistent quality attributes of a drug product. In particular, the granulation may be significantly influenced by scale variation as a result of changes in various process parameters and equipment geometry. In this study, model-based scale-up methodologies for pharmaceutical granulation are presented, along with data from various related reports. The first is an engineering-based modeling method that uses dimensionless numbers based on process similarity. The second is a process analytical technology-based modeling method that maintains the desired quality attributes through flexible adjustment of process parameters by monitoring the quality attributes of process products in real time. The third is a physics-based modeling method that involves a process simulation that understands and predicts drug quality through calculation of the behavior of the process using physics related to the process. The applications of these three scale-up methods are summarized according to granulation mechanisms, such as wet granulation and dry granulation. This review shows that these model-based scale-up methodologies provide a systematic process strategy that can ensure the quality of drug products in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Hoshino T, Azuma M, Yamada Y, Titapiwatanakun V, Yoshimura Fujii M, Yamamoto Y, Koide T, Fukami T. Measurement of the Water Content in Semi-solid Formulations Used to Treat Pressure Ulcers and Evaluation of Their Water Absorption Characteristics. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:929-934. [PMID: 31474731 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the water contents in commercial semi-solid preparations used for pressure ulcer (PU) treatment using near-IR spectroscopy (NIRS) and compared the results with those measured using the Karl Fischer (KF) method. The aim of this study was to determine a standard method and select the appropriate topical preparation with the optimal moisture for PU treatment. The water absorption properties of bases and formulations were evaluated with a time-dependent factor using Transwell as the model membrane. KF and NIRS were applicable as measurement methods of the water content in semi-solid formulations. NIRS was shown to be a useful, simple, nondestructive tool that is more advantageous than the KF method. The water absorption characteristics tested using Transwell revealed that the rate of and capacity for water absorption are determined not only by the absorption ability of the polymer base but also by other factors, such as the osmotic pressure exerted by additives. KF and NIR measurements can be used to choose external skin preparations to control the amount of water in PU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hoshino
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Motoshige Azuma
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Unit of Physical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Varin Titapiwatanakun
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University
| | | | - Yoshihisa Yamamoto
- Unit of Physical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Tatsuo Koide
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Toshiro Fukami
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
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6
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Dahlgren G, Tajarobi P, Simone E, Ricart B, Melnick J, Puri V, Stanton C, Bajwa G. Continuous Twin Screw Wet Granulation and Drying-Control Strategy for Drug Product Manufacturing. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3502-3514. [PMID: 31276686 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of continuous manufacturing has been increasing within the pharmaceutical industry over the last few years. Continuous direct compression has been the focus of publications on the topic to date. The use of wet granulation can improve segregation resistance, uniformity, enhance density, and flow properties for improved tabletability, or improve stability of products that cannot be manufactured by using a direction compression process. This article focuses on development of appropriate control strategies for continuous wet granulation (especially twin screw wet granulation) through equipment design, material properties and manufacturing process along with areas where additional understanding is required. The article also discusses the use of process analytical technologies as part of the control and automation approach to ensure a higher assurance of product quality. Increased understanding of continuous wet granulation should result in increased utilization of the technique, thereby allowing for an increase in diversity of products manufactured by continuous manufacturing and the benefits that comes with a more complex process such as wet granulation compared with direct compression process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Simone
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | | | | | - Vibha Puri
- Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, California 94080
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7
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Quantitation of trace amorphous solifenacin succinate in pharmaceutical formulations by transmission Raman spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:325-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Phetpan K, Udompetaikul V, Sirisomboon P. In-line near infrared spectroscopy for the prediction of moisture content in the tapioca starch drying process. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Peters J, Taute W, Döscher C, Höft M, Knöchel R, Breitkreutz J. Moisture Monitoring in Fluid-Bed Granulation by Multi-Resonance Microwave Sensor: Applicability on Crystal-Water Containing Donepezil Granules. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 20:6. [PMID: 30560303 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-resonance microwave sensors have recently been introduced for moisture monitoring of pharmaceutical particulates up to > 20% residual moisture. The extended measuring range compared to previous systems as well as the microwave moisture values independent of other physical attributes make them promising process analytical technology (PAT) tools for various pharmaceutical production processes. However, so far, research focused on measurements on raw materials or drug-free model granulates and has neither evaluated the applicability for materials with crystal water containing excipients nor for active ingredients. In this study, possible influence of crystal water was evaluated using lactose monohydrate and donepezil hydrochloride, an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) against dementia. The study clearly showed that the contained hydrate does not cause interferences and is not monitored by the applied frequencies. Material-related limits measuring lactose monohydrate were only observed above typical granulation moistures and could be explained using raw resonance curves. Furthermore, the inclusion of donepezil hydrochloride into the monitored formulations and varied process parameters demonstrated the versatility of the microwave resonance sensor system. Inlet air temperature, spraying rate, and air flow were varied according to a 23 full factorial experimental design. A predictive model (R2 = 0.9699, RMSEC = 0.33%) could be established using samples produced with different process parameter settings adjusted according to the corner points of the full factorial design and validated on the center point granulation processes (RMSEV = 0.38%). Thereby, performance on actual formulations and conditions faced during process development could be thoroughly assessed, and hence, another key requirement for applicability in formulation development could be met.
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10
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Peters J, Taute W, Döscher C, Meier R, Höft M, Knöchel R, Breitkreutz J. From laboratory- to pilot-scale: moisture monitoring in fluidized bed granulation by a novel microwave sensor using multivariate calibration approaches. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:961-968. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1425427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Peters
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Taute
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Robin Meier
- L.B. Bohle Maschinen + Verfahren GmbH, Ennigerloh, Germany
| | - Michael Höft
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Reinhard Knöchel
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Peters J, Teske A, Taute W, Döscher C, Höft M, Knöchel R, Breitkreutz J. Real-time process monitoring in a semi-continuous fluid-bed dryer - microwave resonance technology versus near-infrared spectroscopy. Int J Pharm 2017; 537:193-201. [PMID: 29288092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The trend towards continuous manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry is associated with an increasing demand for advanced control strategies. It is a mandatory requirement to obtain reliable real-time information on critical quality attributes (CQA) during every process step as the decision on diversion of material needs to be performed fast and automatically. Where possible, production equipment should provide redundant systems for in-process control (IPC) measurements to ensure continuous process monitoring even if one of the systems is not available. In this paper, two methods for real-time monitoring of granule moisture in a semi-continuous fluid-bed drying unit are compared. While near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has already proven to be a suitable process analytical technology (PAT) tool for moisture measurements in fluid-bed applications, microwave resonance technology (MRT) showed difficulties to monitor moistures above 8% until recently. The results indicate, that the newly developed MRT sensor operating at four resonances is capable to compete with NIR spectroscopy. While NIR spectra were preprocessed by mean centering and first derivative before application of partial least squares (PLS) regression to build predictive models (RMSEP = 0.20%), microwave moisture values of two resonances sufficed to build a statistically close multiple linear regression (MLR) model (RMSEP = 0.07%) for moisture prediction. Thereby, it could be verified that moisture monitoring by MRT sensor systems could be a valuable alternative to NIR spectroscopy or could be used as a redundant system providing great ease of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Peters
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Andreas Teske
- L.B. Bohle Maschinen + Verfahren GmbH, Industriestr. 18, 59320 Ennigerloh, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Taute
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Claas Döscher
- Döscher Microwave Systems GmbH, Am Diebsteich 31, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Höft
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Reinhard Knöchel
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Abouzaid AS, Salem MY, Elzanfaly ES, El Gindy AE, Hoag S, Ibrahim A. Screening the fluid bed granulation process variables and moisture content determination of pharmaceutical granules by NIR Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.8.3.265-272.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Liu R, Li L, Yin W, Xu D, Zang H. Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring and control of the fluidized bed granulation and coating processes-A review. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:308-315. [PMID: 28743552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The fluidized bed granulation and pellets coating technologies are widely used in pharmaceutical industry, because the particles made in a fluidized bed have good flowability, compressibility, and the coating thickness of pellets are homogeneous. With the popularization of process analytical technology (PAT), real-time analysis for critical quality attributes (CQA) was getting more attention. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, as a PAT tool, could realize the real-time monitoring and control during the granulating and coating processes, which could optimize the manufacturing processes. This article reviewed the application of NIR spectroscopy in CQA (moisture content, particle size and tablet/pellet thickness) monitoring during fluidized bed granulation and coating processes. Through this review, we would like to provide references for realizing automated control and intelligent production in fluidized bed granulation and pellets coating of pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lian Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenping Yin
- Shandong SMA Pharmatech co., Ltd, 165, Huabei Rd., High & New Technology Zone, Zibo, Shandong 0533, China
| | - Dongbo Xu
- Shandong SMA Pharmatech co., Ltd, 165, Huabei Rd., High & New Technology Zone, Zibo, Shandong 0533, China
| | - Hengchang Zang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, China.
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14
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Taghavivand M, Choi K, Zhang L. Investigation on drying kinetics and tribocharging behaviour of pharmaceutical granules in a fluidized bed dryer. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Peters J, Taute W, Bartscher K, Döscher C, Höft M, Knöchel R, Breitkreutz J. Design, development and method validation of a novel multi-resonance microwave sensor for moisture measurement. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 961:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Vrancken C, Longhurst PJ, Wagland ST. Critical review of real-time methods for solid waste characterisation: Informing material recovery and fuel production. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 61:40-57. [PMID: 28139367 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Waste management processes generally represent a significant loss of material, energy and economic resources, so legislation and financial incentives are being implemented to improve the recovery of these valuable resources whilst reducing contamination levels. Material recovery and waste derived fuels are potentially valuable options being pursued by industry, using mechanical and biological processes incorporating sensor and sorting technologies developed and optimised for recycling plants. In its current state, waste management presents similarities to other industries that could improve their efficiencies using process analytical technology tools. Existing sensor technologies could be used to measure critical waste characteristics, providing data required by existing legislation, potentially aiding waste treatment processes and assisting stakeholders in decision making. Optical technologies offer the most flexible solution to gather real-time information applicable to each of the waste mechanical and biological treatment processes used by industry. In particular, combinations of optical sensors in the visible and the near-infrared range from 800nm to 2500nm of the spectrum, and different mathematical techniques, are able to provide material information and fuel properties with typical performance levels between 80% and 90%. These sensors not only could be used to aid waste processes, but to provide most waste quality indicators required by existing legislation, whilst offering better tools to the stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vrancken
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - P J Longhurst
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - S T Wagland
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
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17
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Laske S, Paudel A, Scheibelhofer O, Sacher S, Hoermann T, Khinast J, Kelly A, Rantannen J, Korhonen O, Stauffer F, De Leersnyder F, De Beer T, Mantanus J, Chavez PF, Thoorens B, Ghiotti P, Schubert M, Tajarobi P, Haeffler G, Lakio S, Fransson M, Sparen A, Abrahmsen-Alami S, Folestad S, Funke A, Backx I, Kavsek B, Kjell F, Michaelis M, Page T, Palmer J, Schaepman A, Sekulic S, Hammond S, Braun B, Colegrove B. A Review of PAT Strategies in Secondary Solid Oral Dosage Manufacturing of Small Molecules. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:667-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Dave VS, Popielarczyk M, Boyce H, Al-Achi A, Ike-Amaechi E, Hoag SW, Haware RV. Lubricant-Sensitivity Assessment of SPRESS® B820 by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Comparison of Multivariate Methods. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:537-545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Naidu VR, Deshpande RS, Syed MR, Wakte PS. Real-time imaging as an emerging process analytical technology tool for monitoring of fluid bed coating process. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:596-601. [PMID: 28121263 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1287730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A direct imaging system (EyeconTM) was used as a Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tool to monitor fluid bed coating process. EyeconTM generated real-time onscreen images, particle size and shape information of two identically manufactured laboratory-scale batches. EyeconTM has accuracy of measuring the particle size increase of ±1 μm on particles in the size range of 50-3000 μm. EyeconTM captured data every 2 s during the entire process. The moving average of D90 particle size values recorded by EyeconTM were calculated for every 30 min to calculate the radial coating thickness of coated particles. After the completion of coating process, the radial coating thickness was found to be 11.3 and 9.11 μm, with a standard deviation of ±0.68 and 1.8 μm for Batch 1 and Batch 2, respectively. The coating thickness was also correlated with percent weight build-up by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and dissolution. GPC indicated weight build-up of 10.6% and 9.27% for Batch 1 and Batch 2, respectively. In conclusion, weight build-up of 10% can also be correlated with 10 ± 2 μm increase in the coating thickness of pellets, indicating the potential applicability of real-time imaging as an endpoint determination tool for fluid bed coating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Ramana Naidu
- a Pharma Research Department , Wockhardt Research Centre , Aurangabad , Maharashtra , India
| | - Rucha S Deshpande
- a Pharma Research Department , Wockhardt Research Centre , Aurangabad , Maharashtra , India
| | - Moinuddin R Syed
- a Pharma Research Department , Wockhardt Research Centre , Aurangabad , Maharashtra , India
| | - Pravin S Wakte
- b Department of Chemical Technology , Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University , Aurangabad , Maharashtra , India
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20
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Muley S, Nandgude T, Poddar S. Extrusion–spheronization a promising pelletization technique: In-depth review. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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Korasa K, Hudovornik G, Vrečer F. Applicability of near-infrared spectroscopy in the monitoring of film coating and curing process of the prolonged release coated pellets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:484-92. [PMID: 27562707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although process analytical technology (PAT) guidance has been introduced to the pharmaceutical industry just a decade ago, this innovative approach has already become an important part of efficient pharmaceutical development, manufacturing, and quality assurance. PAT tools are especially important in technologically complex operations which require strict control of critical process parameters and have significant effect on final product quality. Manufacturing of prolonged release film coated pellets is definitely one of such processes. The aim of the present work was to study the applicability of the at-line near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) approach in the monitoring of pellet film coating and curing steps. Film coated pellets were manufactured by coating the active ingredient containing pellets with film coating based on polymethacrylate polymers (Eudragit® RS/RL). The NIR proved as a useful tool for the monitoring of the curing process since it was able to determine the extent of the curing and hence predict drug release rate by using partial least square (PLS) model. However, such approach also showed a number of limitations, such as low reliability and high susceptibility to pellet moisture content, and was thus not able to predict drug release from pellets with high moisture content. On the other hand, the at-line NIR was capable to predict the thickness of Eudragit® RS/RL film coating in a wide range (up to 40μm) with good accuracy even in the pellets with high moisture content. To sum up, high applicability of the at-line NIR in the monitoring of the prolonged release pellets production was demonstrated in the present study. The present findings may contribute to more efficient and reliable PAT solutions in the manufacturing of prolonged release dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Korasa
- KRKA, d.d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia.
| | - Grega Hudovornik
- KRKA, d.d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - Franc Vrečer
- KRKA, d.d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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van den Ban S, Goodwin DJ. Development of a two stage batch fluid bed drying process to minimise impact of entrainment on product quality and drying endpoint determination. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Ierapetritou M, Muzzio F, Reklaitis G. Perspectives on the continuous manufacturing of powder-based pharmaceutical processes. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianthi Ierapetritou
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854-8058
| | - Fernando Muzzio
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854-8058
| | - Gintaras Reklaitis
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907-2100
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24
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Muzzio CR, Tomé MA, Díaz RJ, Otero GCF, Campiutti PC, Cuevas HL, Dini NG. In-line non-invasive turbidimetry as a tool to ensure content uniformity in the betamethasone filling process. Int J Pharm 2015. [PMID: 26200747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The filling process of liquid suspensions is a difficult operation,mainly due to drug settling. Small variations during the process may lead to serious deviations in the API content uniformity of the finished product, particularly if the drug settles fast. Real-time non-invasive monitoring of liquid suspensions is a useful approach to ensure an acceptable API content in the finished product. The aim of this study was to develop a method based on non-invasive turbidity measurements for in-line determinations of betamethasone content uniformity during the filling process of injections. Owing to the constructive features of the developed system, the determinations were performed in a non-destructive and non-invasive way, thus allowing the analysis of the whole batch and minimizing the risk of contaminating the product. The results obtained by the method proposed in this study demonstrated that non-invasive turbidimetry is a powerful tool for continuous monitoring of the filling process of betamethasone injections, within the Quality by Design framework (FDA, 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian R Muzzio
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Hitec S.R.L., San Blas 2655, C1416EFU Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paseo Colón 850, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Martín A Tomé
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Hitec S.R.L., San Blas 2655, C1416EFU Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo J Díaz
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Hitec S.R.L., San Blas 2655, C1416EFU Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán C Fernández Otero
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Química Montpellier S.A., Virrey Liniers 673, C1220AAC Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo C Campiutti
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Química Montpellier S.A., Virrey Liniers 673, C1220AAC Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor L Cuevas
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Química Montpellier S.A., Virrey Liniers 673, C1220AAC Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás G Dini
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Hitec S.R.L., San Blas 2655, C1416EFU Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Yang H, Liao X, Peng F, Wang W, Liu Y, Yan J, Li H. Monitoring of the manufacturing process for ambroxol hydrochloride tablet using NIR-chemometric methods: compression effect on content uniformity model and relevant process parameters testing. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 41:1877-87. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1019354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Fonteyne M, Arruabarrena J, de Beer J, Hellings M, Van Den Kerkhof T, Burggraeve A, Vervaet C, Remon JP, De Beer T. NIR spectroscopic method for the in-line moisture assessment during drying in a six-segmented fluid bed dryer of a continuous tablet production line: Validation of quantifying abilities and uncertainty assessment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:21-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Soppela I, Antikainen O, Sandler N, Yliruusi J. On-line monitoring of fluid bed granulation by photometric imaging. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:879-85. [PMID: 25174556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses a photometric surface imaging approach for on-line monitoring of fluid bed granulation. Five granule batches consisting of paracetamol and varying amounts of lactose and microcrystalline cellulose were manufactured with an instrumented fluid bed granulator. Photometric images and NIR spectra were continuously captured on-line and particle size information was extracted from them. Also key process parameters were recorded. The images provided direct real-time information on the growth, attrition and packing behaviour of the batches. Moreover, decreasing image brightness in the drying phase was found to indicate granule drying. The changes observed in the image data were also linked to the moisture and temperature profiles of the processes. Combined with complementary process analytical tools, photometric imaging opens up possibilities for improved real-time evaluation fluid bed granulation. Furthermore, images can give valuable insight into the behaviour of excipients or formulations during product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Soppela
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Osmo Antikainen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Sandler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Yliruusi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Hansuld E, Briens L. A review of monitoring methods for pharmaceutical wet granulation. Int J Pharm 2014; 472:192-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Moisture and drug solid-state monitoring during a continuous drying process using empirical and mass balance models. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 87:616-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Quiñones L, Velazquez C, Obregon L. A novel multiple linear multivariate NIR calibration model-based strategy for in-line monitoring of continuous mixing. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Quiñones
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez; Mayaguez PR 00681
| | - Carlos Velazquez
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez; Mayaguez PR 00681
| | - Luis Obregon
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Universidad del Atlántico; Barranquilla Colombia
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31
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Dave VS, Fahmy RM, Hoag SW. Near-infrared spectroscopic analysis of the breaking force of extended-release matrix tablets prepared by roller-compaction: influence of plasticizer levels and sintering temperature. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:898-905. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.911883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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32
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Watson NJ, Povey MJW, Reynolds GK, Xu BH, Ding Y. Acoustic emission monitoring from a lab scale high shear granulator--a novel approach. Int J Pharm 2014; 465:262-74. [PMID: 24491527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the monitoring of granulation processes using passive acoustics together with precise control over the granulation process has highlighted the importance of particle-particle and particle-bowl collisions in acoustic emission. The results have shown that repeatable acoustic results could be obtained but only when a spray nozzle water addition system was used. Acoustic emissions were recorded from a transducer attached to the bowl and an airborne transducer. It was found that the airborne transducer detected very little from the granulation and only experienced small changes throughout the process. The results from the bowl transducer showed that during granulation the frequency content of the acoustic emission shifted towards the lower frequencies. Results from the discrete element model indicate that when larger particles are used the number of collisions the particles experience reduces. This is a result of the volume conservation methodology used in this study, therefore larger particles results in less particles. These simulation results coupled with previous theoretical work on the frequency content of an impacting sphere explain why the frequency content of the acoustic emissions reduces during granule growth. The acoustic system used was also clearly able to identify when large over-wetted granules were present in the system, highlighting its benefit for detecting undesirable operational conditions. High-speed photography was used to study if visual changes in the granule properties could be linked with the changing acoustic emissions. The high speed photography was only possible towards the latter stages of the granulation process and it was found that larger granules produced a higher magnitude of acoustic emission across a broader frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Watson
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - M J W Povey
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - G K Reynolds
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - B H Xu
- Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Y Ding
- Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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33
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Otsuka M, Koyama A, Hattori Y. Real-time release monitoring for water content and mean particle size of granules in lab-sized fluid-bed granulator by near-infrared spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45375h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous real-time monitoring of water content and mean particle size in the powder bed of a fluidized-bed granulator was performed by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy through a window, and the findings were used to evaluate the granular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Otsuka
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Musashino University
- Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Koyama
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Musashino University
- Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hattori
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Musashino University
- Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Lambertus G, Shi Z, Forbes R, Kramer TT, Doherty S, Hermiller J, Scully N, Wong SW, LaPack M. On-line application of near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring water levels in parts per million in a manufacturing-scale distillation process. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 68:445-457. [PMID: 24694701 DOI: 10.1366/13-07260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An on-line analytical method based on transmission near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the quantitative determination of water concentrations (in parts per million) was developed and applied to the manufacture of a pharmaceutical intermediate. Calibration models for water analysis, built at the development site and applied at the manufacturing site, were successfully demonstrated during six manufacturing runs at a 250-gallon scale. The water measurements will be used as a forward-processing control point following distillation of a toluene product solution prior to use in a Grignard reaction. The most significant impact of using this NIRS-based process analytical technology (PAT) to replace off-line measurements is the significant reduction in the risk of operator exposure through the elimination of sampling of a severely lachrymatory and mutagenic compound. The work described in this report illustrates the development effort from proof-of-concept phase to manufacturing implementation.
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35
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Heigl N, Koller DM, Glasser BJ, Muzzio FJ, Khinast JG. Quantitative on-line vs. off-line NIR analysis of fluidized bed drying with consideration of the spectral background. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:1064-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Application of in-line near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate batch modeling for process monitoring in fluid bed granulation. Int J Pharm 2013; 452:63-72. [PMID: 23618967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluid bed is an important unit operation in pharmaceutical industry for granulation and drying. To improve our understanding of fluid bed granulation, in-line near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and novel environmental temperature and RH data logger called a PyroButton(®) were used in conjunction with partial least square (PLS) and principal component analysis (PCA) to develop multivariate statistical process control charts (MSPC). These control charts were constructed using real-time moisture, temperature and humidity data obtained from batch experiments. To demonstrate their application, statistical control charts such as Scores, Distance to model (DModX), and Hotelling's T(2) were used to monitor the batch evolution process during the granulation and subsequent drying phase; moisture levels were predicted using a validated PLS model. Two data loggers were placed one near the bottom of the granulator bowl plenum where air enters the granulator and another inside the granulator in contact with the product in the fluid bed helped to monitor the humidity and temperature levels during the granulation and drying phase. The control charts were used for real time fault analysis, and were tested on normal batches and on three batches which deviated from normal processing conditions. This study demonstrated the use of NIRS and the use of humidity and temperature data loggers in conjunction with multivariate batch modeling as an effective tool in process understanding and fault determining method to effective process control in fluid bed granulation.
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37
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Process analytical tools for monitoring, understanding, and control of pharmaceutical fluidized bed granulation: A review. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 83:2-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Zacour BM, Drennen JK, Anderson CA. Hybrid Controls Combining First-Principle Calculations with Empirical Modeling for Fully Automated Fluid Bed Processing. J Pharm Innov 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-012-9137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Burggraeve A, Silva AF, Van Den Kerkhof T, Hellings M, Vervaet C, Paul Remon J, Vander Heyden Y, De Beer T. Development of a fluid bed granulation process control strategy based on real-time process and product measurements. Talanta 2012; 100:293-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Poutiainen S, Matero S, Hämäläinen T, Leskinen J, Ketolainen J, Järvinen K. Predicting granule size distribution of a fluidized bed spray granulation process by regime based PLS modeling of acoustic emission data. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Sahni EK, Chaudhuri B. Contact drying: A review of experimental and mechanistic modeling approaches. Int J Pharm 2012; 434:334-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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A quality by design study applied to an industrial pharmaceutical fluid bed granulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:438-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Near infrared and Raman spectroscopy as Process Analytical Technology tools for the manufacturing of silicone-based drug reservoirs. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 699:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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45
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Lourenço V, Herdling T, Reich G, Menezes JC, Lochmann D. Combining microwave resonance technology to multivariate data analysis as a novel PAT tool to improve process understanding in fluid bed granulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 78:513-21. [PMID: 21333737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A set of 192 fluid bed granulation batches at industrial scale were in-line monitored using microwave resonance technology (MRT) to determine moisture, temperature and density of the granules. Multivariate data analysis techniques such as multiway partial least squares (PLS), multiway principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate batch control charts were applied onto collected batch data sets. The combination of all these techniques, along with off-line particle size measurements, led to significantly increased process understanding. A seasonality effect could be put into evidence that impacted further processing through its influence on the final granule size. Moreover, it was demonstrated by means of a PLS that a relation between the particle size and the MRT measurements can be quantitatively defined, highlighting a potential ability of the MRT sensor to predict information about the final granule size. This study has contributed to improve a fluid bed granulation process, and the process knowledge obtained shows that the product quality can be built in process design, following Quality by Design (QbD) and Process Analytical Technology (PAT) principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lourenço
- Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, IST, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
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46
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Mantanus J, Ziémons E, Rozet E, Streel B, Klinkenberg R, Evrard B, Rantanen J, Hubert P. Building the quality into pellet manufacturing environment – Feasibility study and validation of an in-line quantitative near infrared (NIR) method. Talanta 2010; 83:305-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Hartung A, Knoell M, Schmidt U, Langguth P. Role of continuous moisture profile monitoring by inline NIR spectroscopy during fluid bed granulation of an Enalapril formulation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 37:274-80. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.509725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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48
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Räsänen E, Sandler N. Near infrared spectroscopy in the development of solid dosage forms. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:147-59. [PMID: 17270069 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.2.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has rapidly grown partly due to demands of process analytical applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, newest regulatory guidelines have advanced the increase of the use of NIR technologies. The non-destructive and non-invasive nature of measurements makes NIR a powerful tool in characterization of pharmaceutical solids. These benefits among others often make NIR advantageous over traditional analytical methods. However, in addition to NIR, a wide variety of other tools are naturally also available for analysis in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing, and those can often be more suitable for a given application. The versatility and rapidness of NIR will ensure its contribution to increased process understanding, better process control and improved quality of drug products. This review concentrates on the use of NIR spectroscopy from a process research perspective and highlights recent applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eetu Räsänen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
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49
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Hardy IJ, Cook WG. Predictive and correlative techniques for the design, optimisation and manufacture of solid dosage forms. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2003.tb02428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
There is much interest in predicting the properties of pharmaceutical dosage forms from the properties of the raw materials they contain. Achieving this with reasonable accuracy would aid the faster development and manufacture of dosage forms. A variety of approaches to prediction or correlation of properties are reviewed. These approaches have variable accuracy, with no single technique yet able to provide an accurate prediction of the overall properties of the dosage form. However, there have been some successes in predicting trends within a formulation series based on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of raw materials, predicting process scale-up through mechanical characterisation of materials and predicting product characteristics by process monitoring. Advances in information technology have increased predictive capability and accuracy by facilitating the analysis of complex multivariate data, mapping formulation characteristics and capturing past knowledge and experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Hardy
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 5RH, UK
| | - Walter G Cook
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical R&D, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 5RH, UK
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50
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Heinz A, Strachan CJ, Gordon KC, Rades T. Analysis of solid-state transformations of pharmaceutical compounds using vibrational spectroscopy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.08.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Solid-state transformations may occur during any stage of pharmaceutical processing and upon storage of a solid dosage form. Early detection and quantification of these transformations during the manufacture of solid dosage forms is important since the physical form of an active pharmaceutical ingredient can significantly influence its processing behaviour, including powder flow and compressibility, and biopharmaceutical properties such as solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability.
Key findings
Vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as infrared, near-infrared, Raman and, most recently, terahertz pulsed spectroscopy have become popular for solidstate analysis since they are fast and non-destructive and allow solid-state changes to be probed at the molecular level. In particular, Raman and near-infrared spectroscopy, which require no sample preparation, are now commonly used coupled to fibreoptic probes and are able to characterise solid-state conversions in-line. Traditionally, uni- or bivariate approaches have been used to analyse spectroscopic data sets; however, recently the simultaneous detection of several solid-state forms has been increasingly performed using multivariate approaches where even overlapping spectral bands can be analysed.
Summary
This review discusses the applications of different vibrational spectroscopic techniques to detect and monitor solid-state transformations possible for crystalline polymorphs, hydrates and amorphous forms of pharmaceutical compounds. In this context, the theoretical basis of solid-state transformations and vibrational spectroscopy and common experimental approaches are described, including recent methods of data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Heinz
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Clare J Strachan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Rades
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, New Zealand
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