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Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Li W, Tang Y, Wang S. Transcriptomics and Physiological Analyses Reveal Changes in Paclitaxel Production and Physiological Properties in Taxus cuspidata Suspension Cells in Response to Elicitors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3817. [PMID: 38005714 PMCID: PMC10674800 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the cell growth, physiological, and biochemical reactions, as well as the paclitaxel production, of Taxus cuspidata suspension cells after treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG), cyclodextrin (CD), or salicylic acid (SA) (alone or in combination) were investigated. To reveal the paclitaxel synthesis mechanism of T. cuspidata suspension cells under elicitor treatment, the transcriptomics of the Control group and P + C + S group (PEG + CD + SA) were compared. The results show that there were no significant differences in cell biomass after 5 days of elicitor treatments. However, the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) after elicitor combination treatments were decreased compared with the single-elicitor treatment. Meanwhile, the antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (PO)) and the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein were increased after combination elicitor treatments. Additionally, the paclitaxel yield after treatment with the combination of all three elicitors (P + C + S) was 6.02 times higher than that of the Control group, thus indicating that the combination elicitor treatments had a significant effect on paclitaxel production in T. cuspidata cell suspension culture. Transcriptomics analysis revealed 13,623 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the Control and P + C + S treatment groups. Both GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs mainly affected metabolic processes. DEGs associated with antioxidant enzymes, paclitaxel biosynthesis enzymes, and transcription factors were identified. It can be hypothesized that the oxidative stress of suspension cells occurred with elicitor stimulation, thereby leading to a defense response and an up-regulation of the gene expression associated with antioxidant enzymes, paclitaxel synthesis enzymes, and paclitaxel synthesis transcription factors; this ultimately increased the production of paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shujie Wang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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Phenolics and terpenoids change in response to yeast extract and chitosan elicitation in Zataria multiflora cell suspension culture. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:163. [PMID: 35822153 PMCID: PMC9271148 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Zataria multiflora is an important medicinal plant with antioxidant and anticancer properties attributed to its phytochemicals. To develop a method for bulk production of valuable phytochemicals, cell suspension culture of Z. multiflora were grown in liquid B5 medium and then treated in their log growth phase with chitosan (0, 10, 20, and 40 mg L-1) and yeast extract (0, 400, 800, and 1200 mg L-1) for 3 days. The levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the main terpenoids and phenylpropanoids in the cell extracts were determined by HPLC and spectrophotometric techniques. The H2O2 and MDA levels significantly increased in the cells treated with both yeast extract and chitosan, while the NO level increased in those exposed to yeast extract. At their highest concentrations, both elicitors significantly increased PAL and TAL activities, as well as phenolic acids and flavonoids contents. Chitosan only induced the production of caffeic acid (22 µg g-1 DW), benzoic acid (2 µg g-1 DW), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (6 µg g-1 DW), epicatechin (63 µg g-1 DW), and apigenin (5 µg g-1 DW) in the cells, while yeast extract increased the contents of phenylpropanoids gallic acid (50 µg g-1 DW), vanillin (35 µg g-1 DW), salicylic acid (24 µg g-1 DW), catechin (130 µg g-1 DW) and terpenoids carvacrol (7 µg g-1 DW) and thymol (24 µg g-1 DW). In conclusion, changes in the production of phenolics and terpenoids are a defensive mechanism in Z. multiflora cells treated by yeast extract and chitosan. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03235-x.
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Subban K, Subramani R, Srinivasan VPM, Johnpaul M, Chelliah J. Salicylic acid as an effective elicitor for improved taxol production in endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212736. [PMID: 30794656 PMCID: PMC6386501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an effective elicitor to increase taxol production in Pestalotiopsis microspora. Addition of SA at the concentration of 300 μM yielded taxol 625.47 μg L-1, 45- fold higher than that of the control. Elicitation of the role of SA in the fungal taxol biosynthetic pathway revealed that SA enhanced reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids of P. microspora mycelia. This oxidative process stimulates isoprene biosynthetic pathway by triggering expression of the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase gene leading to improved biosynthesis of taxol in P. microspora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalraj Subban
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Subramani
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Republic of Fiji
| | | | - Muthumary Johnpaul
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bálintová M, Bruňáková K, Petijová L, Čellárová E. Targeted metabolomic profiling reveals interspecific variation in the genus Hypericum in response to biotic elicitors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:348-358. [PMID: 30612057 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Shoot cultures of eight Hypericum species belonging to the sections Hypericum, Oligostema, Ascyreia and Webbia were evaluated for their phytochemical profiles by high-performance liquid chromatography. In total, 17 secondary metabolites assigned to the groups of anthraquinones, phloroglucinols, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids were detected. Furthermore, the elicitation potential of 18 biotic factors derived from saccharides, endophytic fungi and Agrobacterium rhizogenes was examined and statistically analysed with the paired two-sample t-test and principal component analysis. The production of naphthodianthrones and emodin was predominantly stimulated by elicitors derived from Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma crassum, while Piriformospora indica promoted the phloroglucinols production. Among flavonoids, the aglycone amentoflavone was readily increased by several elicitors up to 15.7-fold in H. humifusum treated by potato-dextrose broth. However, the chlorogenic acid proved to be the most susceptible metabolite to elicitation, when 31.7-times increase was detected in H. maculatum shoots upon D-glucose treatment. In spite of several biotic factors have been tested, no metabolite was commonly induced in all Hypericum spp. as a response to elicitor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Bálintová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04001, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Katarína Bruňáková
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04001, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Linda Petijová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04001, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 04001, Košice, Slovakia.
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Dong Y, Duan W, He H, Su P, Zhang M, Song G, Fu C, Yu L. Enhancing taxane biosynthesis in cell suspension culture of Taxus chinensis by overexpressing the neutral/alkaline invertase gene. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Enhanced cephalotaxine production in Cephalotaxus mannii suspension cultures by combining glycometabolic regulation and elicitation. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang CY, Dong YS, Li YL, Fu CH, Zhao CF, Yu LJ. Unstructured models for suspension cultures of Taxus media cells in a bioreactor under substrate-sufficient conditions. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Effect of Piriformospora indica on Enhanced Biosynthesis of Anticancer Drug, Podophyllotoxin, in Plant Cell Cultures of Linum album. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33802-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Rezaei A, Ghanati F, Behmanesh M, Mokhtari-Dizaji M. Ultrasound-potentiated salicylic acid-induced physiological effects and production of taxol in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cell culture. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2011; 37:1938-1947. [PMID: 21835541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Effects of ultrasound (US), salicylic acid (SA) and their combined use on the growth and secondary metabolite production of suspension-cultured Corylus avellana cells were investigated. The cultures were treated with US (40 kHz) for short periods of time (2, 3, 5 and 10 min) and SA (25 and 50 mg L(-1)). Results showed that although phenolic content of the cells was significantly increased under exposure to treatments, flavonoids content significantly decreased. Taxol biosynthesis was improved by all treatments. US exposure increased the extracellular, cell-associated and total taxol yield three-, 1.6-, and two-fold compared with that of the control, respectively. SA at all levels was more effective than US in stimulating cell-associated and total taxol production. Combined treatment of US and SA at 50 mg L(-1) resulted in the most improvement in total taxol production, which was about seven times higher than that of the US, three times higher than that of the SA and 14 times higher than that of the control. The results suggest a synergism between US and SA in enhancing taxol production by hazelnut cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayatollah Rezaei
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
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Comparison of the effects of fungal endophyte Gilmaniella sp. and its elicitor on Atractylodes lancea plantlets. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:575-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Effects of different elicitors on 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-acetyltransferase activity and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase content in suspension cultures of Taxus cuspidata cells. CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS 2011; 18:e00009. [PMID: 23119144 PMCID: PMC3475439 DOI: 10.1042/cbr20110001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of four elicitors, including 100 μmol/l MeJA (methyl jasmonate), 40 μl/l hydrogen peroxide (30%, w/w), 80 mg/l SA (salicylic acid) and 0.4 g/l F3 (fungal elicitor), on suspension cultures of Taxus cuspidata were studied. After addition of the above four elicitors, the enzyme activity of 10-DBAT (10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-acetyltransferase) was induced and reached its maximum of 5.47, 0.97, 3.30 and 6.82 U, respectively. After elicitation, the concentrations of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase were also induced to its maximum values of 0.069, 0.336, 0.321 and 0.193 nmol/ml, respectively. In addition, under the elicitation, the change in 10-DBAT activity was similar to that of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase concentration. The products of these two enzymes changed after the variety of the enzymes, and the taxol content increased through the cultivation.
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Wang Y, Dai CC, Zhao YW, Peng Y. Fungal endophyte-induced volatile oil accumulation in Atractylodes lancea plantlets is mediated by nitric oxide, salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Onrubia M, Moyano E, Bonfill M, Expósito O, Palazón J, Cusidó RM. An approach to the molecular mechanism of methyl jasmonate and vanadyl sulphate elicitation in Taxus baccata cell cultures: The role of txs and bapt gene expression. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Wu SJ, Qi JL, Zhang WJ, Liu SH, Xiao FH, Zhang MS, Xu GH, Zhao WG, Shi MW, Pang YJ, Shen HG, Yang YH. Nitric oxide regulates shikonin formation in suspension-cultured Onosma paniculatum cells. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:118-28. [PMID: 19022805 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endogenously occurring nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of shikonin formation in Onosma paniculatum cells. NO generated after cells were inoculated into shikonin production medium reached the highest level after 2 d of culture, which was 16 times that at the beginning of the experiment, and maintained a high level for 6 d. A nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), and a nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor, sodium azide (SoA), consistent with their inhibition of NO biosynthesis, decreased shikonin formation significantly. This reduction could be alleviated or even abolished by exogenous NO supplied by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), suggesting that the inhibition of NO biosynthesis resulted in decreased shikonin formation. However, when endogenous NO biosynthesis was up-regulated by the elicitor from Rhizoctonia cerealis, shikonin production was enhanced further, showing a dependence on the elicitor-induced NO burst. Real-time PCR analysis showed that NO could significantly up-regulate the expression of PAL, PGT and HMGR, which encode key enzymes involved in shikonin biosynthesis. These results demonstrated that NO plays a critical role in shikonin formation in O. paniculatum cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Wu
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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Simić A, Manojlović D, Segan D, Todorović M. Electrochemical behavior and antioxidant and prooxidant activity of natural phenolics. Molecules 2007; 12:2327-40. [PMID: 17978760 DOI: 10.3390/12102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the electrochemical oxidation of a number natural phenolics (salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, o-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, quercetin and rutin) using cyclic voltammetry. The antioxidant properties of these compounds were also studied. A structural analysis of the tested phenolics suggests that multiple OH substitution and conjugation are important determinants of the free radical scavenging activity and electrochemical behavior. Compounds with low oxidation potentials (Epa lower than 0.45) showed antioxidant activity, whereas compounds with high Epa values (>0.45) act as prooxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Simić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Liu Y, Wu R, Wan Q, Xie G, Bi Y. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a pivotal role in nitric oxide-involved defense against oxidative stress under salt stress in red kidney bean roots. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 48:511-22. [PMID: 17289795 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcm020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The pivotal role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production in the tolerance to oxidative stress induced by 100 mM NaCl in red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) roots was investigated. The results show that the G-6-PDH activity was enhanced rapidly in the presence of NaCl and reached a maximum at 100 mM. Western blot analysis indicated that the increase of G-6-PDH activity in the red kidney bean roots under 100 mM NaCl was mainly due to the increased content of the G-6-PDH protein. NO production and nitrate reductase (NR) activity were also induced by 100 mM NaCl. The NO production was reduced by NaN(3) (an NR inhibitor), but not affected by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) (an NOS inhibitor). Application of 2.5 mM Na(3)PO(4), an inhibitor of G-6-PDH, blocked the increase of G-6-PDH and NR activity, as well as NO production in red kidney bean roots under 100 mM NaCl. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in red kidney bean roots increased in the presence of 100 mM NaCl or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor. The increased activities of all antioxidant enzymes tested at 100 mM NaCl were completely inhibited by 2.5 mM Na(3)PO(4). Based on these results, we conclude that G-6-PDH plays a pivotal role in NR-dependent NO production, and in establishing tolerance of red kidney bean roots to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinggao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Zhao CF, Yu LJ, Liu Z, Sun YP. The dynamic variation of several important taxane content in post-harvest Taxus chinensis clippings. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2006; 8:229-39. [PMID: 16864429 DOI: 10.1080/1028602042000324934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic variations of several important taxanes, taxol, baccatin III (B-III), 1-acety-5,7,10-deacetyl-baccatin I (DAB-I) and baccatin VI (B-VI), were investigated in post-harvest clippings of Taxus chinensis. The clippings were preserved over 20 days at two different temperatures (4 degrees C and room temperature), or by cuttage in the light and in the dark, or promptly dried. The accumulation of taxol in needles of the clippings was found increase in the initial stages of the stored period and then decreased gradually. The maximum accumulation of taxol occurred in the case of cold storing (4 degrees C) at day 3, doubling the data on the day when the biomass was harvested. In contrast, in the cases of cold storage and cuttage the contents of the other three taxanes showed a sharp decrease at the beginning and then an increase from 3 to 6 days, and subsequently a drop until day 20. The similar variation of taxane contents was not found in the needles of immediately dried clippings as well as in the stem samples of clippings. These results indicated that the content variation of taxol and related taxanes of post-harvest clippings was related to the manner of preservation, timing and plant tissue. Moreover, the mechanism of the fluctuation of the taxane contents in post-harvest clippings is discussed, in particular taxol biosynthesis in response to mechanical wounding of harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-F Zhao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
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18
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13C NMR analysis of polyphenol biosynthesis in grape cells: Impact of various inducing factors. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhong JJ. Plant cell culture for production of paclitaxel and other taxanes. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 94:591-9. [PMID: 16233355 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(02)80200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2002] [Accepted: 09/17/2002] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Great advances in cell cultures of Taxus spp. for production of Taxol (generic name: paclitaxel) and other taxanes (taxoids) have been achieved in the past decade. This article reviews the manipulation of inducing factors--elicitors, gas composition, osmotic pressure, and conditioned medium; bioprocessing strategies--combining of inducing techniques, two-phase and two-stage cultivation, semi-continuous and perfusion cultures, and feeding of precursors or sugars; and bioreactors and scale-up. Perspectives on a more rational and efficient process involving metabolic engineering are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jiang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Wang JW, Wu JY. Involvement of nitric oxide in elicitor-induced defense responses and secondary metabolism of Taxus chinensis cells. Nitric Oxide 2005; 11:298-306. [PMID: 15604042 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Revised: 09/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work was to characterize the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in Taxus chinensis cells induced by a fungal elicitor extracted from Fusarium oxysporum mycelium and the signal role of NO in the elicitation of plant defense responses and secondary metabolite accumulation. The fungal elicitor at 10-100 microg/ml (carbohydrate equivalent) induced a rapid and dose-dependent NO production in the Taxus cell culture, which exhibited a biphasic time course, reaching the first plateau within 1 h and the second within 12 h of elicitor treatment. The NO donor sodium nitroprusside potentiated elicitor-induced H2O2 production and cell death but had little influence on elicitor-induced membrane K+ efflux and H+ influx (medium alkalinization). NO inhibitors Nomega-nitro-L-arginine and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide partially blocked the elicitor-induced H2O2 production and membrane ion fluxes. Moreover, the NO inhibitors suppressed elicitor-induced activation of phenylalanine ammonium-lyase and accumulation of diterpenoid taxanes (paclitaxel and baccatin III). These results suggest that NO plays a signal role in the elicitor-induced responses and secondary metabolism activities in the Taxus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen Wang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Chong T, Abdullah M, Fadzillah N, Lai O, Lajis N. Jasmonic acid elicitation of anthraquinones with some associated enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidant responses in Morinda elliptica. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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