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Chalella Mazzocato M, Jacquier JC. Recent Advances and Perspectives on Food-Grade Immobilisation Systems for Enzymes. Foods 2024; 13:2127. [PMID: 38998633 PMCID: PMC11241248 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of enzyme immobilisation is becoming increasingly popular in beverage processing, as this method offers significant advantages, such as enhanced enzyme performance and expanded applications, while allowing for easy process termination via simple filtration. This literature review analysed approximately 120 articles, published on the Web of Science between 2000 and 2023, focused on enzyme immobilisation systems for beverage processing applications. The impact of immobilisation on enzymatic activity, including the effects on the chemical and kinetic properties, recyclability, and feasibility in continuous processes, was evaluated. Applications of these systems to beverage production, such as wine, beer, fruit juices, milk, and plant-based beverages, were examined. The immobilisation process effectively enhanced the pH and thermal stability but caused negative impacts on the kinetic properties by reducing the maximum velocity and Michaelis-Menten constant. However, it allowed for multiple reuses and facilitated continuous flow processes. The encapsulation also allowed for easy process control by simplifying the removal of the enzymes from the beverages via simple filtration, negating the need for expensive heat treatments, which could result in product quality losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Chalella Mazzocato
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean-Christophe Jacquier
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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2
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A Review on Psychrophilic β-D-Galactosidases and Their Potential Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2743-2766. [PMID: 36422804 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the Earth's ecosystem is frigid and frozen, which permits a vast range of microbial life forms to thrive by triggering physiological responses that allow them to survive in cold and frozen settings. The apparent biotechnology value of these cold-adapted enzymes has been targeted. Enzymes' market size was around USD 6.3 billion in 2017 and will witness growth at around 6.8% CAGR up to 2024 owing to shifting consumer preferences towards packaged and processed foods due to the rising awareness pertaining to food safety and security reported by Global Market Insights (Report ID-GMI 743). Various firms are looking for innovative psychrophilic enzymes in order to construct more effective biochemical pathways with shorter reaction times, use less energy, and are ecologically acceptable. D-Galactosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic oxygen link between the terminal non-reducing D-galactoside unit and the glycoside molecule. At refrigerated temperature, the stable structure of psychrophile enzymes adjusts for the reduced kinetic energy. It may be beneficial in a wide variety of activities such as pasteurization of food, conversion of biomass, biological role of biomolecules, ambient biosensors, and phytoremediation. Recently, psychrophile enzymes are also used in claning the contact lens. β-D-Galactosidases have been identified and extracted from yeasts, fungi, bacteria, and plants. Conventional (hydrolyzing activity) and nonconventional (non-hydrolytic activity) applications are available for these enzymes due to its transgalactosylation activity which produce high value-added oligosaccharides. This review content will offer new perspectives on cold-active β-galactosidases, their source, structure, stability, and application.
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3
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Analysis of cellulose extracted from waste products. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-05005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Mirsalami SM, Alihosseini A. Selection of the most effective kinetic model of lactase hydrolysis by immobilized Aspergillus niger and free β-galactosidase. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Damin BIS, Kovalski FC, Fischer J, Piccin JS, Dettmer A. Challenges and perspectives of the β-galactosidase enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5281-5298. [PMID: 34223948 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme β-galactosidase has great potential for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its ability to perform the hydrolysis of lactose, a disaccharide present in milk and in dairy by-products. It can be used in free form, in batch processes, or in immobilized form, which allows continuous operation and provides greater enzymatic stability. The choice of method and support for enzyme immobilization is essential, as the performance of the biocatalyst is strongly influenced by the properties of the material used and by the interaction mechanisms between support and enzyme. Therefore, this review showed the main enzyme immobilization techniques, and the most used supports for the constitution of biocatalysts. Also, materials with the potential for immobilization of β-galactosidases and the importance of their biotechnological application are presented. KEY POINTS: • The main methods of immobilization are physical adsorption, covalent bonding, and crosslinking. • The structural conditions of the supports are determining factors in the performance of the biocatalysts. • Enzymatic hydrolysis plays an important role in the biotechnology industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I S Damin
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - F C Kovalski
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture (FEAR), Chemical Engineering Course, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - J Fischer
- Institute of Exact Sciences and Geosciences (ICEG), Chemical Course, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - J S Piccin
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - A Dettmer
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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Movahedpour A, Ahmadi N, Ghalamfarsa F, Ghesmati Z, Khalifeh M, Maleksabet A, Shabaninejad Z, Taheri-Anganeh M, Savardashtaki A. β-Galactosidase: From its source and applications to its recombinant form. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:612-628. [PMID: 33656174 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes are a group of important enzymes playing a critical role in the degradation and synthesis of carbohydrates. Glycosidases can hydrolyze glycosides into oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates via a cost-effective approach. Lactase is an important member of β-glycosidases found in higher plants, animals, and microorganisms. β-Galactosidases can be used to degrade the milk lactose for making lactose-free milk, which is sweeter than regular milk and is suitable for lactose-intolerant people. β-Galactosidase is employed by many food industries to degrade lactose and improve the digestibility, sweetness, solubility, and flavor of dairy products. β-Galactosidase enzymes have various families and are applied in the food-processing industries such as hydrolyzed-milk products, whey, and galactooligosaccharides. Thus, this enzyme is a valuable protein which is now produced by recombinant technology. In this review, origins, structure, recombinant production, and critical modifications of β-galactosidase for improving the production process are discussed. Since β-galactosidase is a valuable enzyme in industry and health care, a study of its various aspects is important in industrial biotechnology and applied biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahid Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farideh Ghalamfarsa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghesmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Khalifeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Maleksabet
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Shahid Arefian Hospital, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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7
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Singh P, Rao PS, Sharma V, Arora S. Physico-chemical aspects of lactose hydrolysed milk system along with detection and mitigation of maillard reaction products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Mukundan S, Melo JS, Sen D, Bahadur J. Enhancement in β-galactosidase activity of Streptococcus lactis cells by entrapping in microcapsules comprising of correlated silica nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Cellulose Beads Derived from Waste Textiles for Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071621. [PMID: 32708280 PMCID: PMC7407133 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose beads were successfully prepared from waste denim using a dissolution-regeneration approach with ionic liquids as the dissolving solvent. Cellulose beads with different morphologies were achieved by altering the dissolving and coagulating solvents. The morphological differences were quantified by N2 physisorption. The impact of morphology on the cellulose beads’ potential application was investigated in the context of drug loading and release. The results show that the fibrous morphology showed a better loading capacity than the globular analogue due to its higher surface area and pore volume.
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10
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Prolyl endopeptidase from Aspergillus niger immobilized on a food-grade carrier for the production of gluten-reduced beer. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Hang H, Cheng X, Yan F, Wang C, Sun K. Immobilized Inulinase for the Continuous Conversion of Inulin in the Fluidized-Bed Reactor. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Li S, Zhu X, Xing M. A New β-Galactosidase from the Antarctic Bacterium Alteromonas sp. ANT48 and Its Potential in Formation of Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110599. [PMID: 31652852 PMCID: PMC6891550 DOI: 10.3390/md17110599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important medical enzyme, β-galactosidases catalyze transgalactosylation to form prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides (GOS) that assist in improving the effect of intestinal flora on human health. In this study, a new glycoside hydrolase family 2 (GH2) β-galactosidase-encoding gene, galA, was cloned from the Antarctic bacterium Alteromonas sp. ANT48 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant β-galactosidase GalA was optimal at pH 7.0 and stable at pH 6.6–7.0, which are conditions suitable for the dairy environment. Meanwhile, GalA showed most activity at 50 °C and retained more than 80% of its initial activity below 40 °C, which makes this enzyme stable in normal conditions. Molecular docking with lactose suggested that GalA could efficiently recognize and catalyze lactose substrates. Furthermore, GalA efficiently catalyzed lactose degradation and transgalactosylation of GOS in milk. A total of 90.6% of the lactose in milk could be hydrolyzed within 15 min at 40 °C, and the GOS yield reached 30.9%. These properties make GalA a good candidate for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiangjie Zhu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Mengxin Xing
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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13
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Thangaraj B, Solomon PR. Immobilization of Lipases – A Review. Part II: Carrier Materials. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201900017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Thangaraj
- Jiangsu UniversitySchool of Food and Biological Engineering 301 Xuefu road 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Pravin Raj Solomon
- SASTRA Deemed UniversitySchool of Chemical & Biotechnology, Tirumalaisamudram 613401 Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
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MORIOKA LRI, VIANA CDS, ALVES ÉDP, PAIÃO FG, TAKIHARA AM, KAKUNO ASS, SUGUIMOTO HH. Concentrated beta-galactosidase and cell permeabilization from Saccharomyces fragilis IZ 275 for beta-galactosidase activity in the hydrolysis of lactose. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.06017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Katrolia P, Liu X, Li G, Kopparapu NK. Enhanced Properties and Lactose Hydrolysis Efficiencies of Food-Grade β-Galactosidases Immobilized on Various Supports: a Comparative Approach. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 188:410-423. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Saqib S, Akram A, Halim SA, Tassaduq R. Sources of β-galactosidase and its applications in food industry. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:79. [PMID: 28500401 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme β-galactosidases have been isolated from various sources such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, vegetables, and recombinant sources. This enzyme holds importance due to its wide applications in food industries to manufacture lactose-hydrolyzed products for lactose-intolerant people and the formation of glycosylated products. Absorption of undigested lactose in small intestine requires the activity of this enzyme; hence, the deficiency of this enzyme leads to lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance affects around 70% of world's adult population, while the prevalence rate of lactose intolerance is 60% in Pakistan. β-Galactosidases are not only used to manufacture lactose-free products but also employed to treat whey, and used in prebiotics. This review focuses on various sources of β-galactosidase and highlights the importance of β-galactosidases in food industries.
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Mohamed A, Nemeshwaree B, Brigitte M, Anne P, Kalim B, Pascal D, Anne-Sophie M, Rénato F. Activity of enzymes immobilized on plasma treated polyester. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Immobilized lysozyme for the continuous lysis of lactic bacteria in wine: Bench-scale fluidized-bed reactor study. Food Chem 2016; 210:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Enzymes are excellent catalysts in many applications due to their biocompatibility, low energy consumption, unique selectivity, and mild reaction condition. However, some disadvantages limit the usage of enzymes in end uses, such as low stabilities and difficult recovery. In order to overcome these disadvantages, enzyme immobilization was developed. Among various kinds of substrates for attaching enzyme, cellulose and its derivatives are one of the ideal matrixes because they are low cost, nontoxic, renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the research of enzyme immobilization on cellulose matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jonathan Y Chen
- School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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20
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Srivastava A, Mishra S, Chand S. Synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose using immobilized cells of Kluyveromyces marxianus NCIM 3551. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Peng X, Su H, Mi S, Han Y. A multifunctional thermophilic glycoside hydrolase from Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis with potential applications in production of biofuels and biochemicals. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:98. [PMID: 27141233 PMCID: PMC4852416 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermophilic enzymes have attracted much attention for their advantages of high reaction velocity, exceptional thermostability, and decreased risk of contamination. Exploring efficient thermophilic glycoside hydrolases will accelerate the industrialization of biofuels and biochemicals. RESULTS A multifunctional glycoside hydrolase (GH) CoGH1A, belonging to GH1 family with high activities of β-d-glucosidase, exoglucanase, β-d-xylosidase, β-d-galactosidase, and transgalactosylation, was cloned and expressed from the extremely thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis. The enzyme exerts excellent thermostability by retaining 100 % activity after 12-h incubation at 75 °C. The catalytic coefficients (k cat/K m) of the enzyme against pNP-β-D-galactopyranoside, pNP-β-D-glucopyranoside, pNP-β-D-cellobioside, pNP-β-D-xylopyranoside, and cellobiose were, respectively, 7450.0, 2467.5, 1085.4, 90.9, and 137.3 mM(-1) s(-1). When CoGH1A was supplemented at the dosage of 20 Ucellobiose g(-1) biomass for hydrolysis of the pretreated corn stover, comparing with the control, the glucose and xylose yields were, respectively, increased 37.9 and 42.1 %, indicating that the enzyme contributed not only for glucose but also for xylose release. The efficiencies of lactose decomposition and synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GalOS) by CoGH1A were investigated at low (40 g L(-1)) and high (500 g L(-1)) initial lactose concentrations. At low lactose concentration, the time for decomposition of 83 % lactose was 10 min, which is much shorter than the reported 2-10 h for reaching such a decomposition rate. At high lactose concentration, after 50-min catalysis, the GalOS concentration reached 221 g L(-1) with a productivity of 265.2 g L(-1) h(-1). This productivity is at least 12-fold higher than those reported in literature. CONCLUSIONS The multifunctional glycoside hydrolase CoGH1A has high capabilities in saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass, decomposition of lactose, and synthesis of galactooligosaccharides. It is a promising enzyme to be used for bioconversion of carbohydrates in industrial scale. In addition, the results of this study indicate that the extremely thermophilic bacteria are potential resources for screening highly efficient glycoside hydrolases for the production of biofuels and biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Su
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofu Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yejun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mohan T, Rathner R, Reishofer D, Koller M, Elschner T, Spirk S, Heinze T, Stana-Kleinschek K, Kargl R. Designing Hydrophobically Modified Polysaccharide Derivatives for Highly Efficient Enzyme Immobilization. Biomacromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute
for Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Raffael Rathner
- Institute
for Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - David Reishofer
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Koller
- Institute
for Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- ARENA − Association for Resource-Efficient and Sustainable Technologies, Inffeldgasse 21b, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Elschner
- Center of
Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Center of
Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Stana-Kleinschek
- Institute
for Engineering Materials and Design, University of Maribor, Smetanova
17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Institute
for Engineering Materials and Design, University of Maribor, Smetanova
17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Spohner SC, Müller H, Quitmann H, Czermak P. Expression of enzymes for the usage in food and feed industry with Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2015; 202:118-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Immobilization of β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum HF571129 on ZnO nanoparticles: characterization and lactose hydrolysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1655-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Evaluation of the cold-active Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis β-galactosidase enzyme for lactose hydrolysis in whey permeate as primary step of d-tagatose production. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Fraatz MA, Rühl M, Zorn H. Food and feed enzymes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 143:229-56. [PMID: 23873095 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Humans have benefited from the unique catalytic properties of enzymes, in particular for food production, for thousands of years. Prominent examples include the production of fermented alcoholic beverages, such as beer and wine, as well as bakery and dairy products. The chapter reviews the historic background of the development of modern enzyme technology and provides an overview of the industrial food and feed enzymes currently available on the world market. The chapter highlights enzyme applications for the improvement of resource efficiency, the biopreservation of food, and the treatment of food intolerances. Further topics address the improvement of food safety and food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Alexander Fraatz
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Nath A, Mondal S, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharjee C, Chowdhury R. Production, purification, characterization, immobilization, and application ofβ-galactosidase: a review. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Nath
- Chemical Engineering Department; Jadavpur University; Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Subhoshmita Mondal
- Chemical Engineering Department; Jadavpur University; Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Chemical Engineering Department; Jadavpur University; Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials; University of Calabria; Cubo-44C Rende 87036 CS Italy
| | | | - Ranjana Chowdhury
- Chemical Engineering Department; Jadavpur University; Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
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28
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Kang BC. Analysis of an Immobilized β-Galactosidase Reactor with Competitive Product Inhibition Kinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2013.23.12.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Vieira DC, Lima LN, Mendes AA, Adriano WS, Giordano RC, Giordano RL, Tardioli PW. Hydrolysis of lactose in whole milk catalyzed by β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis immobilized on chitosan-based matrix. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Rather GM, Gupta MN. Three phase partitioning leads to subtle structural changes in proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 60:134-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Gericke M, Trygg J, Fardim P. Functional Cellulose Beads: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 113:4812-36. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300242j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gericke
- Laboratory of Fibre and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Turku,
Finland, Members of the European Polysaccharide Network of Excellence
(EPNOE)
| | - Jani Trygg
- Laboratory of Fibre and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Turku,
Finland, Members of the European Polysaccharide Network of Excellence
(EPNOE)
| | - Pedro Fardim
- Laboratory of Fibre and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Turku,
Finland, Members of the European Polysaccharide Network of Excellence
(EPNOE)
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32
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Fischer J, Guidini CZ, Santana LNS, de Resende MM, Cardoso VL, Ribeiro EJ. Optimization and modeling of lactose hydrolysis in a packed bed system using immobilized β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Vincent V, Aghajari N, Pollet N, Boisson A, Boudebbouze S, Haser R, Maguin E, Rhimi M. The acid tolerant and cold-active β-galactosidase from Lactococcus lactis strain is an attractive biocatalyst for lactose hydrolysis. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012. [PMID: 23180374 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the β-galactosidase from the dairy Lactococcus lactis IL1403 strain was cloned, sequenced and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme has a tetrameric arrangement composed of four identical 120 kDa subunits. Biochemical characterization showed that it is optimally active within a wide range of temperatures from 15 to 55 °C and of pH from 6.0 to 7.5. For its maximal activity this enzyme requires only 0.8 mM Fe(2+) and 1.6 mM Mg(2+). Purified protein displayed a high catalytic efficiency of 102 s(-1) mM(-1) for lactose. The enzyme stability was increased by immobilization mainly at low pH (from 4.0 to 5.5) and high temperatures (55 and 60 °C). The bioconversion of lactose using the L. lactis β-galactosidase allows the production of lactose with a high bioconversion rate (98 %) within a wide range of pH and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violette Vincent
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography and Structural Biology of Therapeutic Targets, Bases Moléculaires des Systèmes Infectieux-UMR 5086, CNRS/Université de Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines-FR3302, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
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34
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Jovanovic-Malinovska R, Fernandes P, Winkelhausen E, Fonseca L. Galacto-oligosaccharides Synthesis from Lactose and Whey by β-Galactosidase Immobilized in PVA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:1197-211. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Talbert JN, Goddard JM. Enzymes on material surfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 93:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Verma ML, Barrow CJ, Kennedy J, Puri M. Immobilization of β-d-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis on functionalized silicon dioxide nanoparticles: Characterization and lactose hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:432-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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37
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Freitas FF, Marquez LDS, Ribeiro GP, Brandão GC, Cardoso VL, Ribeiro EJ. Optimization of the immobilization process of β-galatosidade by combined entrapment-cross-linking and the kinetics of lactose hydrolysis. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322012000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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AKGÜL FATMABETÜL, DEMIRHAN ELÇIN, ÖZBEK BELMA. A Modelling study on skimmed milk lactose hydrolysis and β-galactosidase stability using three reactor types. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2012.00828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Abstract
Whey, the liquid remaining after milk fat and casein have been separated from whole milk, is one of the major disposal problems of the dairy industry, and demands simple and economical solutions. In view of the fast developments in biotechnological techniques, alternatives of treating whey by transforming lactose present in it to value added products have been actively explored. Whey can be used directly as a substrate for the growth of different microorganisms to obtain various products such as ethanol, single-cell protein, enzymes, lactic acid, citric acid, biogas and so on. In this review, a comprehensive and illustrative survey is made to elaborate the various biotechnological innovations/techniques applied for the effective utilization of whey for the production of different bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmjit S Panesar
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal 148 106, Punjab, India.
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40
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Freitas FF, Marquez LD, Ribeiro GP, Brandão GC, Cardoso VL, Ribeiro EJ. A comparison of the kinetic properties of free and immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Smrtičová H, Čanigová M, Mastihubová M, Mastihuba V. Enzymatic preparation of melibiose and alkyl β-d-fructofuranosides by commercial lactase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Katrolia P, Yan Q, Jia H, Li Y, Jiang Z, Song C. Molecular cloning and high-level expression of a β-galactosidase gene from Paecilomyces aerugineus in Pichia pastoris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Panesar PS, Kumari S, Panesar R. Potential Applications of Immobilized β-Galactosidase in Food Processing Industries. Enzyme Res 2010; 2010:473137. [PMID: 21234407 PMCID: PMC3014700 DOI: 10.4061/2010/473137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme β-galactosidase can be obtained from a wide variety of sources such as microorganisms, plants, and animals. The use of β-galactosidase for the hydrolysis of lactose in milk and whey is one of the promising enzymatic applications in food and dairy processing industries. The enzyme can be used in either soluble or immobilized forms but the soluble enzyme can be used only for batch processes and the immobilized form has the advantage of being used in batch wise as well as in continuous operation. Immobilization has been found to be convenient method to make enzyme thermostable and to prevent the loss of enzyme activity. This review has been focused on the different types of techniques used for the immobilization of β-galactosidase and its potential applications in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmjit S. Panesar
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, 148 106, India
| | - Shweta Kumari
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, 148 106, India
| | - Reeba Panesar
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, 148 106, India
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44
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Immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae β-Galactosidase onto Duolite A568 Resin via Simple Adsorption Mechanism. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-010-0384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Rhimi M, Boisson A, Dejob M, Boudebouze S, Maguin E, Haser R, Aghajari N. Efficient bioconversion of lactose in milk and whey: immobilization and biochemical characterization of a beta-galactosidase from the dairy Streptococcus thermophilus LMD9 strain. Res Microbiol 2010; 161:515-25. [PMID: 20472057 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding beta-galactosidase from dairy Streptococcus thermophilus strain LMD9 was cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified and showed high specific activity of 464 U/mg. This protein displays a homotetrameric arrangement composed of four 118 kDa monomers. Monitoring of the activity showed that this enzyme was optimally active at a wide range of temperatures (25-40 degrees C) and at pH from 6.5 to 7.5. Immobilization of the recombinant E. coli in alginate beads clearly enhanced the enzyme activity at various temperatures, including 4 and 50 degrees C, and at pH values from 4.0 to 8.5. Stability studies indicated that this biocatalyst has high stability within a broad range of temperatures and pH. This stability was improved not only by addition of 1 mM of Mn(2+) and 1.2 mM Mg(2+), but essentially through immobilization. The remarkable bioconversion rates of lactose in milk and whey at different temperatures revealed the attractive catalytic efficiency of this enzyme, thus promoting its use for lactose hydrolysis in milk and other dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moez Rhimi
- Laboratoire de BioCristallographie, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5086-CNRS/Université de Lyon, IFR128 BioSciences Gerland - Lyon Sud, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon cedex 07, France
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46
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Monsan P, O'Donohue MJ. Industrial Biotechnology in the Food and Feed Sector. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527630233.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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47
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Fructose production by inulinase covalently immobilized on sepabeads in batch and fluidized bed bioreactor. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:1180-9. [PMID: 20480008 PMCID: PMC2869238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11031180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is an experimental study of the performance of a recently designed immobilized enzyme: inulinase from Aspergillus sp. covalently immobilized on Sepabeads. The aim of the work is to test the new biocatalyst in conditions of industrial interest and to assess the feasibility of the process in a fluidized bed bioreactor (FBBR). The catalyst was first tested in a batch reactor at standard conditions and in various sets of conditions of interest for the process. Once the response of the catalyst to different operating conditions was tested and the operational stability assessed, one of the sets of conditions tested in batch was chosen for tests in FBBR. Prior to reaction tests, preliminary fluidization tests were realized in order to define an operating range of admissible flow rates. As a result, the FBR was run at different feed flow rates in a closed cycle configuration and its performance was compared to that of the batch system. The FBBR proved to be performing and suitable for scale up to large fructose production.
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48
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49
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50
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Kosseva MR, Panesar PS, Kaur G, Kennedy JF. Use of immobilised biocatalysts in the processing of cheese whey. Int J Biol Macromol 2009; 45:437-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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