Risk factors in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in elderly Chinese in Hong Kong

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its relation with obesity in Turaif (Saudi Arabia) in 2017

BACKGROUND

The significant increase in the prevalence of obesity over past decades caused the concomitant rise in the incidence of glucose intolerance and diabetes.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the prevalence of diabetes among Saudi nationals in Turaif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to examine the association between diabetes and obesity in the studied population.

METHODS

This study was conducted during the period from May 01 to May 31, 2017. Data was collected from 402 individuals aged between 6-63 years via a predesigned questionnaire covering medical history of diabetes, age and sex. Body weight and height was measured to calculate BMI. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 15, using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test.

RESULTS

Mean age (± SD) was 23.27 (±13.509) years, male to female ratio was 38.1% to 61.9%. The total prevalence of DM among the studied population was 4.5%, pre-diabetic cases were 7.5%. There is significant effect of age, sex and BMI on the occurrence of diabetes among the studied population (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Awareness campaigns and prevention programs about diabetes should be instituted and control strategies should be implemented. There is a need for a diabetes screening and management programs, focusing on access to health care in the city.

Fibrinogen, other cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes mellitus in Hong Kong: a community with high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance

AIMS

To determine the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and their relationships to fibrinogen and other cardiovascular risk factors in Hong Kong Chinese.

METHODS

A probability sample of 1,316 men and 1,348 women aged 25-74 years were examined in a population-based cross-sectional study.

RESULTS

A total of 3.0% (95% confidence interval 2.1-3.9) of men had previously diagnosed (known) and 6.4% (5.0-7.8) newly diagnosed (unknown) diabetes, 14.4% (12.4-16.5) had IGT and 79.2% were normal by 1985 WHO diagnostic criteria; corresponding prevalences in women were 3.7% (2.7-4.7), 5.9% (4.6-7.2), 17% (14.8-19.2) and 73.4%. The age-standardized prevalence of Type 2 diabetes for the 35-64 age group was 9.5% (7.5-11.6) in men and 10.2% (8.0-12.4) in women. Age-adjusted mean fibrinogen levels in these four groups (normal/IGT/unknown diabetes/known diabetes) with decreasing degrees of glucose tolerance (diabetes status) were 2.80, 2.57, 2.51 and 2.47 g/l (P = 0.003) in men, and 2.86, 2.72, 2.67, 2.61 g/l (P = 0.005) in women. Age, obesity, systolic blood pressure and triglycerides were significantly associated with diabetes status in both sexes, fibrinogen in men only and high density lipoprotein cholesterol negatively in women.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus was very high especially in older subjects, and fibrinogen was associated with increasing glucose intolerance in men but not in women. The detection and better control of cardiovascular risk factors, particularly hypertension in this developed Chinese community with a high prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance, is particularly important.