Rupture du tendon du tibial postérieur lors des fractures de la cheville

Surgical Management and Return to Activity of an Athlete with Traumatic Posterior Tibial Tendon Rupture and Associated Injuries: A Case Report

CASE

A 22-year-old athlete sustained a traumatic posterior tibial tendon (PTT) rupture with medial malleolus fracture and anterior tibial plafond chondral lesion during practice. He underwent PTT repair, ankle arthroscopy with microfracture, and medial malleolus open reduction and internal fixation with deltoid ligament repair. At 1 year postoperatively, the patient returned to activity excluding high-level competition.

CONCLUSION

Anterior tibial chondral impaction injury with an avulsion fracture of the medial malleolus and PTT tear is effectively treated with a combined arthroscopic and open approach.

Posterior tibialis tendon rupture concomitant with a closed medial malleolar fracture: A case report and literature review

Traumatic rupture of the posterior tibialis tendon is an extremely infrequent condition, which mostly occurred due to a traumatic mechanism of pronation and external rotation, less commonly in direct trauma on the medial side of the ankle. This lesion is overlooked preoperatively most of the time because of the limitation of physical examination owing to acute pain and swelling secondary to a medial malleolar fracture. Early diagnosis and treatment of this injury are very important to prevent the complications like acquired flatfoot deformity. Few cases have been described in the literature for the posterior tibialis tendon rupture associated with a closed ankle fracture. Here we report an acute rupture of the posterior tibialis tendon associated with a closed medial malleolar fracture after a high-energy trauma in a healthy 33-year-old man. We fixed the medial malleolar fracture with two screws and repaired the tendon with a direct end-to-end suture. We hope that our study can be helpful for other colleagues to consider this lesion in similar circumstances.

Posterior Tibial Tendon Rupture Associated With Anterolateral Distal Tibial and Medial Malleolar Fracture and a Novel Pattern of Tibiofibular Syndesmotic Injury: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A posterior tibial tendon (PTT) rupture associated with ankle fractures is a very rare condition. Ankle pronation and external rotation (PER) movement are the typical traumatic mechanism. This injury is frequently overlooked preoperatively. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important to prevent the serious consequences related to functional PTT insufficiency on biomechanics of the foot. Few cases have been described in the literature that highlight the relationship between PTT rupture and PER type ankle fracture with a medial malleolar fracture. We present a case of a complete PTT rupture in a closed atypical ankle fracture in which a medial malleolar fracture was associated with a very large fragment from the anterolateral distal tibia (Tillaux-Chaput fragment) and a concomitant avulsion fracture from the anteromedial portion of the fibula (Lefort-Wagstaffe fragment), with a novel pattern never described before.

Biologically Enhanced Hamstring Tendon Transfer for Treatment of Acute Rupture of Posterior Tibialis Tendon in an Athlete: Case Report

We report the case of a 32-year-old basketball player who presented with an acute flatfoot deformity after performing a unipodal power jump. Rupture of the posterior tibial tendon within the foot was diagnosed and then treated by hamstring tendon transfer combined with application of autologous biologic preparations. The functional outcome at 18 months was good. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of posterior tibial tendon rupture treated by hamstring tendon transfer.

Posterior tibialis tendon rupture associated with closed medial malleolus fracture and avulsion of anterior talofibular ligament: A case report and review of the literature

Introduction:

Traumatic rupture of posterior tibialis tendon in association with medial malleolus fracture is extremely rare.

Case Presentation:

We demonstrate our experience in the management of a complete posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) rupture and anterior talofibular ligament avulsion fracture from the talus in association with medial malleolus fracture in a 30-year-old male motorcyclist without any open wounds.

Discussion:

We believe this to be the first reported injury of this type in the literature. Closed ankle fractures may obscure surrounding tendon rupture and the clinician may be tempted to focus on the osseous injuries rather than the significance of associated soft tissue injures.

Conclusion:

This particular case demonstrates the importance of assessing for PTT injury in situations where high velocity impact to the ankle results in malleolar fracture.

Posterior Tibialis Tendon Rupture in a Closed Bimalleolar-Equivalent Ankle Fracture: Case Report

Ankle fractures with an associated posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) rupture are rare injuries and have only been described in a number of case reports. These prior reports include patients that had an open fracture and/or an associated medial malleolar fracture component. In this unique case report, we present a patient that sustained a closed bimalleolar-equivalent ankle fracture/dislocation without medial malleolar involvement which was irreducible due to a PTT rupture and subsequent distal segment interposition in the tibiotalar joint. Identification of acute PTT rupture with associated ankle fracture is important because early repair is associated with significantly better functional outcomes compared with late repair. These injury patterns may easily be missed due to the limitations with physical examination and standard imaging often encountered during initial evaluation of routine ankle fractures. Therefore, physicians should maintain a high level of suspicion in the appropriate clinical setting in order to provide appropriate diagnosis and timely surgical intervention.

LEVELS OF EVIDENCE

Descriptive, Level V: Single case report.

Acute Tibialis Posterior Tendon Rupture With Pronation-Type Ankle Fractures

Tibialis posterior tendon rupture in the setting of pronation-type ankle fractures can lead to long-term debility as a result of chronic tendon dysfunction. This rare injury pattern presents a diagnostic challenge because thorough preoperative examination of the function of the tendon is limited by pain, swelling, and inherent instability of the fracture. As such, a high index of suspicion is necessary in ankle fractures with radiographs showing a medial malleolus fracture with an associated suprasyndesmotic fibula fracture. This report describes 3 cases of tibialis posterior tendon rupture associated with pronation-type ankle fractures treated acutely with open reduction and internal fixation and primary tendon repair. Additionally, common features of this injury pattern are discussed based on the current literature. In accordance with this report, the typical mechanism of injury is high energy and includes forced pronation, external rotation, and dorsiflexion of the ankle, which places maximal stress on the tibialis posterior tendon. Rupture most commonly occurs in a relatively hypovascular area of the tendon located at the posteromedial extent of the medial malleolus fracture. In the operative treatment of pronation-type ankle fractures, direct inspection of the tibialis posterior tendon allows for timely diagnosis and treatment of associated ruptures. [Orthopedics.2016; 39(5):e970-e975.].

Muscular tendinous junction rupture of the posterior tibial tendon after closed bimalleolar ankle fracture

In this case report, we present an acute rupture in the muscular tendinous junction of a posterior tibialis muscle in a bimalleolar closed ankle fracture after a high-energy trauma in a 30-year-old patient with no significant medical history. Fracture was confirmed by simple X-rays, and was treated with an open reduction in which both of the fractures were treated with osteosynthesis material and reparation of the syndesmosis. If left untreated, this uncommon finding can result in a bad postsurgical outcome; we believe this injury is more common but under-reported in the literature. The surgeon should be aware and look specifically for this type of lesion during the procedure. Finding and treating this injury requires special postoperative care, non-weight-bearing instructions and balanced physiotherapy.

Closed Medial Malleolar Multifragment Fracture With a Posterior Tibialis Tendon Rupture: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Ankle fractures represent an exciting field of traumatology because of the wide variety of clinical presentations, injury mechanisms, and treatment options. Rupture of the posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) with ankle fracture can occur during trauma that involves pronation and external rotation of the foot or, less commonly, secondary to direct trauma to the ankle. This tendon injury is uncommon and probably misdiagnosed in many cases, because of the difficult clinical examination secondary to the pain and swelling. The identification and early treatment of PTT tears is essential for good functional outcomes to prevent the main mid- to long-term complication of disabling acquired flatfoot due to tendon failure. In the present report, we provide a review of the published data regarding ankle fractures associated with PTT rupture and describe our experience with a case of a multifragment medial malleolus fracture and complete rupture of the PTT diagnosed intraoperatively and surgically treated in a 34-year-old male, with 2.5 years of follow-up.

Irreducible Fracture-Dislocation of the Ankle Associated With Interposition of the Tibialis Posterior Tendon in the Syndesmosis: A Case Report

Although ankle fracture-dislocations are common orthopedic injuries, it is very uncommon for them to be irreducible, and such cases require special attention. We report the case of a closed fracture-dislocation of the ankle in a 17-year-old male that required 3 surgeries because of persistent anterior subluxation of the talus on the postoperative radiographs. After advanced radiologic investigations, tibialis posterior tendon interposition in the syndesmosis was identified as the cause of the subluxation. This is a very rare event, reported in only 5 patients in published studies. Once the diagnosis was identified by magnetic resonance imaging, the tendon was relocated to its anatomic position, and the tibiofibular and tibiotalar joints were reduced adequately. The patient was then able to regain a satisfactory level of function many months after the initial trauma.

Tibialis posterior tendon and deltoid and spring ligament injuries in the elite athlete

The tibialis posterior tendon and the spring and deltoid ligament complexes combine to provide dynamic and passive stabilization on the medial side of the ankle and hindfoot. Some of the injuries will involve acute injury to previous healthy structures, but many will develop insidiously. The clinician must be aware of new treatment strategies and the level of accompanying scientific evidence regarding injuries sustained by athletes in these areas, while acknowledging that more traditional management applied to nonathletic patients is still likely to be appropriate in the setting of treatment for elite athletes.

Achilles tendon rupture with open distal tibia and fibula fracture

The authors present a previously unreported case of an open fracture of the distal tibia and fibula with associated Achilles tendon rupture in a 27-year-old motorcyclist. Management followed established trauma principles of wound exploration, debridement, and stabilization of the fracture with reamed locked intramedullary nailing of the tibia. The injury to the Achilles tendon was not identified until surgical exploration for fixation of the fracture. This required a 2-stage operative approach, involving initial debridement and fracture fixation followed by Achilles tendon repair during the second-look wound review procedure. The authors believe this to be the first reported case of Achilles tendon rupture in association with an open transverse distal tibia fracture. Prior to surgical exploration of the wound, Achilles tendon rupture was not suspected, emphasizing the need for clinical suspicion, thorough examination, and adequate wound exploration at operation for fracture fixation.

Tibialis posterior tendon rupture associated with a closed medial malleolar fracture: a case report and review of the literature

We report an acute rupture of a macroscopically normal tibialis posterior tendon in the setting of an acute closed ankle fracture. This injury is considered to be rare, although it is probably frequently overlooked preoperatively because of limitations of the clinical examination secondary to pain. The tibialis posterior tendon rupture was identified at the time of operative repair of the ankle fracture, and direct suture repair of the tendon was undertaken. After primary suture and osteosynthesis, the patient's progress was favorable and a satisfactory outcome was achieved. A clear history of the mechanism of injury as well as a high index of suspicion should be maintained, because failure to repair rupture of the tibialis posterior tendon, in the presence of an ankle fracture, is likely to lead to long-term patient disability and a planovalgus foot.

Irreducible fracture dislocation of the ankle caused by tibialis posterior tendon interposition

A patient with severe irreducible open fracture dislocation of the ankle was admitted to our emergency department. After wound irrigation and debridement, skeletal traction was applied to the calcaneus to minimize soft tissue injury and swelling. The patient was followed in traction for 1 week, after which reduction and fixation of the fibula was attempted but not achieved. We extended the incision distally, visualized the ankle, and located the tibialis posterior tendon between the distal tibia and fibula, thereby inhibiting the reduction. The tendon coursed into the tibiotalar joint anteriorly and pushed the talus anterolaterally. After manipulation of the tendon to its anatomically correct location, the ankle was easily reduced. The wound at the medial side was closed with a fasciocutaneous rotational flap. The ankle was then immobilized for 6 weeks postoperatively. The patient regained her full range of motion, and there were no problems with the tibialis posterior tendon, such as rupture or insufficiency. Isolated tibialis posterior tendon interposition between the distal tibiofibular and tibiotalar joints has rarely been reported, and can inhibit anatomical reduction of the fractured ankle.