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Lee HP, Yun JK, Jung HS, Moon DH, Lee GD, Choi S, Kim YH, Kim DK, Park SI, Kim HR. Surgical outcomes of pulmonary metastasectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients according to approach method: thoracoscopic versus open approach. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:33. [PMID: 33516218 PMCID: PMC7847567 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of surgical intervention as a treatment for pulmonary metastasis (PM) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been established. In this study, we investigated the clinical outcomes of pulmonary metastasectomy. Using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, we compared the results according to the surgical approach: video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) versus the open method. Methods A total of 134 patients (115 men) underwent pulmonary metastasectomy for isolated PM of HCC between January 1998 and December 2010 at Seoul Asan Medical Center. Of these, 84 underwent VATS (VATS group) and 50 underwent thoracotomy or sternotomy (open group). PSM analysis between the groups was used to match them based on the baseline characteristics of the patients. Results During the median follow-up period of 33.4 months (range, 1.8–112.0), 113 patients (84.3%) experienced recurrence, and 100 patients (74.6%) died of disease progression. There were no overall survival rate, disease-free survival rate, and pulmonary-specific disease-free survival rate differences between the VATS and the open groups (p = 0.521, 0.702, and 0.668, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed local recurrence of HCC, history of liver cirrhosis, and preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level as independent prognostic factors for overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.729/2.495/2.632, 95% confidence interval 1.142–2.619/1.571–3.963/1.554–4.456; p = 0.010/< 0.001/< 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Metastasectomy can be considered a potential alternative for selected patients. VATS metastasectomy had outcomes comparable to those of open metastasectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Pil Lee
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Yun
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Suk Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Hwan Moon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Dong Lee
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Choi
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwan Kim
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Il Park
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Ryul Kim
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Prenafeta Claramunt N, Hwang D, de Perrot M, Yasufuku K, Darling G, Pierre A, Donahoe L, Yeung J, Tomlinson G, Englesakis M, Keshavjee S, Waddell T, Cypel M. Incidence of Ipsilateral Side Recurrence After Open or Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Resection of Colorectal Lung Metastases. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 109:1591-1597. [PMID: 31953045 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is still controversy whether full lung palpation is required for patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy. We aimed to compare pulmonary ipsilateral recurrence (IR) after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) or open surgery. METHODS A retrospective study of all patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer lung metastases between 2003 and 2012 was performed. IR rate was compared between the 2 groups after adjusting for a propensity score matching based on age, sex, disease-free interval, number of metastases, type of resection, presence of a cardiovascular risk factor, presence of a respiratory risk factor, as well as the interaction between the number of metastases and the disease-free interval. The propensity score was used for matched and weighted comparisons of VATS and open patients. RESULTS A total of 211 patients underwent surgery for colorectal cancer lung metastases. Of these, 75 (35.5%) were performed via VATS and 136 (64.5%) via open surgery. Before matching, 118 (55.9%) were male and the median age at the time of metastases diagnosis was 61 (range, 49.8-72.2) years. Median disease free-interval was 20 (19.7 ± 28.3) months; 22 (21.6 ± 28.5) months in VATS and 19 (19.0 ± 28.3) months in open surgery. In total, 19 (25.3%) developed IR in VATS, and 39 (28.7%) in open surgery. Five-year overall survival was 53.1% (61.9% VATS; 49.2% open). In the matched sample, IR was 23.6% in VATS vs 26.2% in open surgery (95% confidence interval for risk reduction with VATS: -22.6% to 17.5%; P = .80). CONCLUSIONS No significant difference was observed in IR rates between VATS and open surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer lung metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Prenafeta Claramunt
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gail Darling
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Pierre
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Donahoe
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Yeung
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Mt. Sinai Hospital, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marina Englesakis
- Library & Information Services, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Waddell
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common malignancy among young men in the United States. Although prognosis is favorable and response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens is good, 10%–20% of patients with thoracic metastases require surgical management following completion of chemotherapy. Pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) has been employed for GCT patients with lung metastases for several decades. Outcomes have been excellent thus far. However, there have been no randomized controlled trials of PM in GCT and, as new surgical techniques are developed, there is variability in management. This article reviews the existing data on current management of pulmonary metastases in GCT, with attention paid to timing of surgery, surgical approaches, and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Farazdaghi
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Vaughn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Divison of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Menna C, Berardi G, Tierno SM, Andreetti C, Maurizi G, Ciccone AM, D’Andrilli A, Cassiano F, Poggi C, Diso D, Venuta F, Rendina EA, Ibrahim M. Do Repeated Operations for Recurrent Colorectal Lung Metastases Result in Improved Survival? Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 106:421-427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kim HK, Cho JH, Lee HY, Lee J, Kim J. Pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer: How many nodules, how many times? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6133-6145. [PMID: 24876735 PMCID: PMC4033452 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with 5%-15% of CRC patients eventually developing lung metastasis (LM). Despite doubts about the role of locoregional therapy in the management of systemic disease, many surgeons have performed pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) for CRC in properly selected patients. However, the use of pulmonary metastasectomy remains controversial due to the lack of randomized controlled studies. This article reviews the results of surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases for CRC, focusing on (1) current treatment guidelines and surgical techniques of PM in patients with LM from CRC; (2) outcomes of PM and its prognostic factors; and (3) controversial issues in PM, focusing on repeated metastasectomy, bilateral multiple metastases, and combined liver and lung metastasectomy.
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Tan LA, Kasliwal MK, Nag S, O'Toole JE. A rare intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from uterine leiomyosarcoma. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:1309-12. [PMID: 23591183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a rare smooth-muscle-derived malignancy with a significant malignant potential. Systemic metastases are a common late complication of leiomyosarcoma typically to lungs, liver, brain and bones. We report a 44-year-old woman with a prior history of uterine leiomyosarcoma who presented to us with a cervicothoracic intramedullary lesion and recent onset of neurological deficits. She underwent surgery with histological confirmation of a diagnosis of metastatic leiomyosarcoma, which was followed by adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. To our knowledge there is no prior report of intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) from a leiomyosarcoma in the English literature. We report the present patient in view of the rarity of ISCM and its clinical significance. Even though ISCM are unusual, they should be suspected in any patient with primary malignancy irrespective of the histology. The overall prognosis remains grim irrespective of the treatment modality chosen and recognition of the same is important in preoperative counseling and overall treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1725 West Harrison Street, Suite 855, RUSH University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Haigentz M, Hartl DM, Silver CE, Langendijk JA, Strojan P, Paleri V, de Bree R, Machiels JP, Hamoir M, Rinaldo A, Paccagnella D, Shaha AR, Takes RP, Ferlito A. Distant metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Part III. Treatment. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:787-93. [PMID: 22516376 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Distant metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), though rare at initial presentation, remain an important manifestation of cancer recurrence and mortality. Although generally considered incurable with a dismal prognosis despite palliative therapy, highly selected patients with distant metastases may have a long term survival benefit from aggressive surgery or radiotherapy. Advances in systemic treatments also may improve patient survival. This article reviews the current state of management of HNSCC patients with distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Missak Haigentz
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Kondo R, Hamanaka K, Kawakami S, Eguchi T, Saito G, Hyougotani A, Shiina T, Kurai M, Yoshida K. Benefits of video-assisted thoracic surgery for repeated pulmonary metastasectomy. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 58:516-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11748-010-0614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kaifi JT, Gusani NJ, Deshaies I, Kimchi ET, Reed MF, Mahraj RP, Staveley-O'Carroll KF. Indications and approach to surgical resection of lung metastases. J Surg Oncol 2010; 102:187-95. [PMID: 20648593 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary metastasectomy is a curative option for selected patients with cancer spread to the lungs. Complete surgical removal of pulmonary metastases can improve survival and is recommended under certain criteria. Specific issues that require consideration in a multidisciplinary setting when planning pulmonary metastasectomy include: adherence to established indications for resection, the surgical strategy including the use of minimally invasive techniques, pulmonary parenchyma preservation, and the role of lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussuf T Kaifi
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
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Eapen S, Dutcher JP. A Review of Evidence-Based Treatment of Stage IIB to Stage IV Melanoma. Cancer Invest 2009; 23:323-37. [PMID: 16100945 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-58865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saji Eapen
- Our Lady of Mercy Cancer Center, New York Medical College, Bronx, New York 10466, USA
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Mongil Poce R, Pagés Navarrete C, Ruiz Navarrete JA, Roca Fernández J, Arrabal Sánchez R, Benítez Doménech A, Fernández de Rota Avecilla A, Fernández Bermúdez JL. [Survival analysis of resection of lung metastases from colorectal cancer]. Arch Bronconeumol 2009; 45:235-9. [PMID: 19395141 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The publication of the International Registry of Lung Metastases (IRLM) in 1997 was a turning point in favor of surgical resection of lung metastases. Prognostic groups were defined according to resectability, number of metastases, and disease-free interval. The objective of this study was to determine survival in patients who underwent resection of lung metastases from colorectal carcinoma and to evaluate how applicable the prognostic factors established by the IRLM are in this specific patient group. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with lung metastases from colorectal carcinoma who underwent resection between January 1, 2000, and November 30, 2006, were retrospectively analyzed. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, with log-rank comparisons between groups. RESULTS Survivals at 1, 3, 5, and 6 years was 92%, 75%, 54%, and 43%, respectively. The main finding was that 3-year survival was better in patients who underwent atypical resection of the metastasis (75%) than those who required lobectomy (55%). There were no significant differences in survival in terms of number of lung metastases resected or disease-free interval. CONCLUSIONS Survival in patients requiring lobectomy for resection of lung metastases from colorectal carcinoma was worse than in those who underwent atypical resection. The number of metastases and disease-free interval may be questionable prognostic factors in the case of lung metastases from colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mongil Poce
- Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, España.
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12
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Effects of Presurgical Exercise Training on Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Lung Resection for Suspected Malignancy. Cancer Nurs 2009; 32:158-65. [DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0b013e3181982ca1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yano T, Shoji F, Maehara Y. Current status of pulmonary metastasectomy from primary epithelial tumors. Surg Today 2009; 39:91-7. [PMID: 19198984 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-008-3820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The resection of pulmonary metastases can prolong the survival of selected patients and its therapeutic value is now accepted. The criteria for eligibility have also evolved. We reviewed the recent literature on pulmonary metastasectomy for various epithelial primary tumors and tried to establish better prognostic indicators for its surgical application. In addition to the welldefined requisites for pulmonary metastasectomy, other requirements include the absence of mediastinal lymph node involvement, a limited number of pulmonary metastatic lesions, a long disease-free interval, small metastasis, and no elevation of tumor markers, although the clinical importance of each factor varies among the primary tumors. On the other hand, with the development of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and advances in thoracic imaging technology, VATS metastasectomy might become an accepted treatment for metastatic nodules located in the periphery of the lung, which can be easily removed by a wedge resection. Repeat surgery is also possible during follow-up after VATS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokujiro Yano
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Abstract
Pulmonary metastases are common in patients following resection for soft tissue sarcoma. Pulmonary resection of metastatic soft tissue sarcomas is widely practiced in surgical oncology. No randomized phase III trials are available, and data for this review were retrieved only from retrospective studies. This article addresses the issues of patient selection, surgical technique, and adjuvant chemotherapy, and provides the surgical oncologist with a current review of pulmonary metastasectomy in metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. In summary, there is a substantial body of evidence demonstrating that resection of soft tissue pulmonary metastases can be performed safely and with a low mortality rate. For a subset of highly selected patients, the overall results of a 5-year actuarial survival rate ranged between 25% and 37.6%. These outcomes exceed those normally associated with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma and are well comparable with surgical resection for other malignancies.
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15
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Hazelrigg S. Invited Commentary. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 87:243-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Evaluation of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary metastases: 11-years of experience. Surg Endosc 2008; 23:55-61. [PMID: 18437482 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-008-9895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been applied to pulmonary resection for pulmonary metastases, the clinical validity of this approach remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and problems of VATS for pulmonary metastasectomy. METHODS From January 1993 to December 2003, VATS for pulmonary metastasectomy was performed in 53 resections for 48 patients at our institution. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS The primary tumor was colorectal cancer in 23 patients, renal cell carcinoma in 6, breast cancer in 6, germ cell tumor in 5, head and neck cancer in 2, and others in 6. Thirty-six cases had a solitary lesion, 8 had unilateral multiple lesions, and 9 had bilateral multiple lesions. The following procedures were performed: 7 lobectomies, 5 segmentectomies, and 41 wedge resections. There was no major postoperative morbidity related to VATS. At a median follow-up period of 29.0 months, 13 patients were alive without recurrences. The 3-year overall survival rate and the 3-year intrathoracic disease-free survival rate were 59.8% and 33.4%, respectively. Five cases had recurrence at the surgical stump or at the port sites, but these recurrences have not been found in the recent period since June 1997. Intrathoracic recurrences within 3 months after VATS occurred in four. CONCLUSION VATS for pulmonary metastases is not superior to the conventional open thoracotomy and is not recommended as a standard procedure. Further studies with a larger number of cases performed by skilled surgeons familiar with VATS are needed.
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Pfannschmidt J, Dienemann H, Hoffmann H. Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer: a systematic review of published series. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84:324-38. [PMID: 17588454 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer continues to evolve. Recently the use of novel agents as a first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal disease has generated cautious optimism in the oncological community. However, pulmonary metastasectomy remains a mainstay in a multidisciplinary concept for a highly selected subset of patients. A selected group of patients with metastases limited to the lungs may benefit from pulmonary metastasectomy with a 5-year survival rate of up to more than 50%. This review evaluates the current status of surgical resection in pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer, with special emphasis on prognostic factors that influence survival, as well as on surgical approach and lymph node dissection and its impact on the management of patients with metastatic colorectal disease.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A substernal handport allows palpation of the lung and thus circumvents one of the major limitations of thoracoscopy. METHODS This approach has been used in 24 consecutive patients, primarily during planned metastasectomy or when palpation was needed for deeper or smaller lesions that were difficult to find. RESULTS No long-term complications from this procedure were noted, and the 3 early complications were either minor or unrelated to the procedure. This approach allowed adequate resection to be accomplished by a less invasive approach in 67% of patients, although conversion to an open procedure was necessary in 33% of patients for anatomic and technical reasons. Among the 16 patients who underwent this procedure alone, the median length of stay in the hospital was 3 days. The rate of incomplete resection and of recurrence after metastasectomy was comparable to that for an open approach. CONCLUSIONS Our experience documents that a substernal handport is safe, does not compromise the ability to perform an adequate metastasectomy, and allows biopsy of lesions that are otherwise not amenable to a minimally invasive approach. This technique should be included in the standard armamentarium of approaches for thoracic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Detterbeck
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7065, USA.
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Boffa DJ, Rusch VW. Surgical techniques for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors metastatic to the lung. CHEST SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA 2002; 12:739-48. [PMID: 12471875 DOI: 10.1016/s1052-3359(02)00035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
NSGCT is a curable disease, even when metastases are present at the time of diagnosis. Surgery serves as adjuvant therapy to initial treatment with chemotherapy but complete resection of residual postchemotherapy disease plays a critical part in offering patients a long-term cure. A variety of surgical techniques and approaches are appropriate for pulmonary metastasectomy in this patient population, which can be accomplished with excellent results when the extent of disease and the patient's preoperative medical condition are carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Boffa
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Ike H, Shimada H, Togo S, Yamaguchi S, Ichikawa Y, Tanaka K. Sequential resection of lung metastasis following partial hepatectomy for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2002; 89:1164-8. [PMID: 12190683 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2002.02174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple organ metastases from colorectal carcinoma may be considered incurable, but long survival after both liver and lung resection for metastases has been reported. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 48 patients who underwent lung resection for metastatic colorectal cancer between 1992 and 1999 was undertaken. Twenty-seven patients had lung metastasis alone, 15 had previous partial hepatectomy, and six had previous resection of local or lymph node recurrence. The relationship of clinical variables to survival was assessed. Survival was calculated from the time of first pulmonary resection. RESULTS Five-year survival rates after resection of lung metastasis were 73 per cent in patients without preceding recurrence, 50 per cent following previous partial hepatectomy and zero after resection of previous local recurrence. Independent prognostic variables that significantly affected survival after thoracotomy were primary tumour histology and type of preceding recurrence. There was no significant difference in survival after lung resection between patients who had sequential liver and lung resection versus those who had lung resection alone. CONCLUSION Sequential lung resection after partial hepatectomy for metastatic colorectal cancer may lead to long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ike
- Second Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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Roviaro GC, Varoli F, Vergani C, Maciocco M. State of the art in thoracospic surgery: a personal experience of 2000 videothoracoscopic procedures and an overview of the literature. Surg Endosc 2002; 16:881-92. [PMID: 12163949 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-001-8153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2001] [Accepted: 05/16/2001] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herein we compare our personal experience with a series of > 2000 videothoracoscopic procedures with those reported in the literature to identify the procedures now accepted as the gold standard, those still regarded as investigational, and those considered unacceptable. METHODS Between June 1991 and December 2000, we performed 2068 videothoracoscopic procedures, including lung cancer staging (n = 910), wedge resections (n = 261), lobectomies (n = 221), pneumonectomies (n = 6), the diagnosis and treatment of pleural diseases (n = 200), the treatment of pneumothorax (n = 170), giant bullae (n = 57), lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for emphysema (n = 41), the diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal diseases (n = 133), the treatment of esophageal diseases (n = 39), and 30 other miscellaneous procedures. RESULTS A review of the literature indicates that videothoracoscopy is usually considered the preferred approach for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax, the diagnosis of indeterminate pleural effusions, the treatment of malignant pleural effusions, sympathectomy, and the diagnosis and treatment of benign esophageal or mediastinal diseases. The videoendoscopic approach to LVRS for emphysema is still under evaluation. Videothoracoscopic wedge resections for the diagnosis of indeterminate nodules and the treatment of primary lung cancer, metastases, and other malignancies are still controversial due to oncologic concerns. Videoendoscopic major pulmonary resections are usually considered investigational or even unacceptable due to oncologic concerns, technical difficulties, and the risk of complications. CONCLUSIONS Although we generally agree with the foregoing recommendations, we consider videoendoscopy the best approach for LVRS and particularly useful for the staging of lung cancer, where we always perform it as the first step of the operation. We widely perform videoendoscopic major pulmonary resections, but we believe that these procedures should only be used in strictly selected cases and at specialized centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Roviaro
- Department of Surgery, S. Giuseppe Hospital Fbf, A.Fa. R., University of Milan, 12 via San Vittore, 20123 Milan, Italy.
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Temple LKF, Brennan MF. The role of pulmonary metastasectomy in soft tissue sarcoma. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 14:35-44. [PMID: 11977015 DOI: 10.1053/stcs.2002.31892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary metastases are common in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. The majority of patients who develop pulmonary metastases are asymptomatic and are diagnosed during routine follow-up visits. There is evidence to suggest that pulmonary metastasectomy is associated with improved overall survival but only in patients with complete surgical resection. There are several criterion to identify patients for resection. The majority of resectable patients have peripheral lesions that are amenable to wedge resection. There is little evidence to suggest that chemotherapy improves survival. Future research is needed to better identify patients for metastasectomy, to determine the role of minimally invasive procedures, and to develop better adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa K F Temple
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Tucakovic M, Bascom R, Bascom PB. Pulmonary medicine and palliative care. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2001; 15:291-304. [PMID: 11358403 DOI: 10.1053/beog.2000.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gynaecological malignancies affect the respiratory system both directly and indirectly. Malignant pleural effusion is a poor prognostic factor: management options include repeated thoracentesis, chemical pleurodesis, symptomatic relief of dyspnoea with oxygen and morphine, and external drainage. Parenchymal metastases are typically multifocal and respond to chemotherapy, with a limited role for pulmonary metastatectomy. Pulmonary tumour embolism is frequently associated with lymphangitic carcinomatosis, and is most common in choriocarcinoma. Thromboembolic disease, associated with the hypercoagulable state of cancer, is treated with anticoagulation. Inferior vena cava filter placement is indicated when anticoagulation cannot be given, or when emboli recur despite adequate anticoagulation. Palliative care has a major role for respiratory symptoms of gynaecological malignancies. Treatable causes of dyspnoea include bronchospasm, fluid overload and retained secretions. Opiates are effective at relieving dyspnoea associated with effusions, metatases, and lymphangitic tumour spread. Non-pharmacological therapies include energy conservation, home redesign, and dyspnoea relief strategies, including pursed lip breathing, relaxation, oxygen, circulation of air with a fan, and attention to spiritual suffering. Identification and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, sinusitis, and asthma can improve many patients' coughs. Chest wall pain responds to local radiotherapy, nerve blocks or systemic analgesia. Case examples illustrate ways to address quality of life issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tucakovic
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, the Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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Lin JC, Landreneau RJ. The Role of Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Pulmonary Metastasectomy. Clin Lung Cancer 2001; 2:291-6. [PMID: 14720363 DOI: 10.3816/clc.2001.n.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Management of isolated metastatic deposits to the lungs and the role of surgical resection, specifically video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) techniques, have been controversial. The inability to perform a detailed bimanual palpation of the lung for occult lesions has been considered an inherent weakness in this approach. We have performed VATS resection for 205 patients with pulmonary metastatic disease and potentially curative VATS resec-tion for 119 patients. VATS resection was successfully performed for all VATS diagnostic and therapeutic patients, with no perioperative deaths. Longitudinal follow-up demonstrated a mean survival of 20 months in the diagnostic group and 32 months in the therapeutic group. In the VATS therapeutic group, 44 (37%) patients remain free of disease at a mean follow-up of 37 months. Of the 69 recurrences, 6% were local, 25% were regional, and 67% were distant. In this review, the present role of VATS pulmonary metastasectomy will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lin
- Allegheny General Hospital, West Penn Allegheny Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
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