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MWCNTs/SnZrMoP nano-composite as Ba (II)-selective electrode and heterogeneous catalyst for esterification of primary alcohols. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Metal Cation Detection in Drinking Water. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19235134. [PMID: 31771173 PMCID: PMC6928949 DOI: 10.3390/s19235134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining a clean water supply is of utmost importance for human civilization. Human activities are putting an increasing strain on Earth’s freshwater reserves and on the quality of available water on Earth. To ensure cleanliness and potability of water, sensors are required to monitor various water quality parameters in surface, ground, drinking, process, and waste water. One set of parameters with high importance is the presence of cations. Some cations can play a beneficial role in human biology, and others have detrimental effects. In this review, various lab-based and field-based methods of cation detection are discussed, and the uses of these methods for the monitoring of water are investigated for their selectivity and sensitivity. The cations chosen were barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, hardness (calcium, magnesium), lead, mercury, nickel, silver, uranium, and zinc. The methods investigated range from optical (absorbance/fluorescence) to electrical (potentiometry, voltammetry, chemiresistivity), mechanical (quartz crystal microbalance), and spectrometric (mass spectrometry). Emphasis is placed on recent developments in mobile sensing technologies, including for integration into microfluidics.
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WITHDRAWN: PVC membrane based of 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) and 2,4,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Formazan (TTF) for determination Ba2+ and its application of crystal growth. ARAB J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Well controlled in length and highly aligned ZnO nanorods were grown on the gold-coated glass substrate by hydrothermal growth method. ZnO nanorods were functionalised with selective thallium (I) ion ionophore dibenzyldiaza-18-crown-6 (DBzDA18C6). The thallium ion sensor showed wide linear potentiometric response to thallium (I) ion concentrations ( M to M) with high sensitivity of 36.87 ± 1.49 mV/decade. Moreover, thallium (I) ion demonstrated fast response time of less than 5 s, high selectivity, reproducibility, storage stability, and negligible response to common interferents. The proposed thallium (I) ion-sensor electrode was also used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration, and it has shown good stoichiometric response for the determination of thallium (I) ion.
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Square wave anodic stripping voltammetric determination of lead(II) using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a lead ionophore and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lou T, Pan D, Wang Y, Jiang L, Qin W. Carbon Nanotubes/Ionophore Modified Electrode for Anodic Stripping Determination of Lead. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.526272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kassim A, Rezayi M, Ahmadzadeh S, Rounaghi G, Mohajeri M, Yusof NA, Tee TW, Heng LY, Abdullah AH. A Novel Ion – selective Polymeric Membrane Sensor for Determining Thallium(I) With High Selectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/17/1/012010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tudorache A, Marin C, Badea IA, Vlădescu L. Barium concentrations and speciation in mineral natural waters of central Romania. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 165:113-123. [PMID: 19421886 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-0931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results obtained for the determination of Ba concentrations in mineral groundwater samples collected from drilled outlets located in the counties of Covasna and Harghita (34 sampling points), in five expeditions (spring, summer, and autumn), during 3 years: 2005, 2006, and 2007. The experimental data show that there are some sampling sites in which the barium concentration exceeds 1 mg/L, which is the maximum concentration admitted for barium. These mineral natural waters could be used only for therapeutic purposes. All other analyzed natural mineral waters are proper as both drinking and therapeutic water. By means of a principal component analysis a statistical approach was performed, using the data obtained during those analyzing processes. The distribution of the water saturation indexes with respect to a series of mineral species (alstonite, barite, barytocalcite, nitrobarite, sanbornite, and witherite) suggests that barium tends to remain in solution as ionic species in different concentrations and to be further carried away as such.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Tudorache
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 2-14 Regina Elisabeta, Bucharest, Romania
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Pan D, Wang Y, Chen Z, Lou T, Qin W. Nanomaterial/Ionophore-Based Electrode for Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Lead: An Electrochemical Sensing Platform toward Heavy Metals. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5088-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Pan
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, P. R. China, and School of Oceanology, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Yuane Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, P. R. China, and School of Oceanology, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, P. R. China, and School of Oceanology, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Lou
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, P. R. China, and School of Oceanology, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, P. R. China, and School of Oceanology, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
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Abedi MR, Zamani HA. Barium(II)-PVC Membrane Sensor Based on 4-4′-Methylenediantipyrine as a Neutral Carrier. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802238077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Faridbod F, Norouzi P, Dinarvand R, Ganjali MR. Developments in the Field of Conducting and Non-conducting Polymer Based Potentiometric Membrane Sensors for Ions Over the Past Decade. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:2331-2412. [PMID: 27879825 PMCID: PMC3673421 DOI: 10.3390/s8042331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Many research studies have been conducted on the use of conjugated polymers in the construction of chemical sensors including potentiometric, conductometric and amperometric sensors or biosensors over the last decade. The induction of conductivity on conjugated polymers by treating them with suitable oxidizing agents won Heeger, MacDiarmid and Shirakawa the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Common conjugated polymers are poly(acetylene)s, poly(pyrrole)s, poly(thiophene)s, poly(terthiophene)s, poly(aniline)s, poly(fluorine)s, poly(3-alkylthiophene)s, polytetrathiafulvalenes, polynapthalenes, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyparaphenylene, polyazulene, polyparaphenylene sulfide, polycarbazole and polydiaminonaphthalene. More than 60 sensors for inorganic cations and anions with different characteristics based on conducting polymers have been reported. There have also been reports on the application of non-conducting polymers (nCPs), i.e. PVC, in the construction of potentiometric membrane sensors for determination of more than 60 inorganic cations and anions. However, the leakage of ionophores from the membranes based on these polymers leads to relatively lower life times. In this article, we try to give an overview of Solid-Contact ISE (SCISE), Single-Piece ISE (SPISE), Conducting Polymer (CP)-Based, and also non-conducting polymer PVC-based ISEs for various ions which their difference is in the way of the polymer used with selective membrane. In SCISEs and SPISEs, the plasticized PVC containing the ionophore and ionic additives govern the selectivity behavior of the electrode and the conducting polymer is responsible of ion-to-electron transducer. However, in CPISEs, the conducting polymer layer is doped with a suitable ionophore which enhances the ion selectivity of the CP while its redox response has to be suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Centre, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Kumar KG, John S, Augustine P, Poduval R, Saraswathyamma B. Mebendazole Selective Membrane Sensor and Its Application to Pharmaceutical Analysis. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:291-4. [PMID: 17372370 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A PVC membrane sensor for the selective determination of mebendazole (MBZ) was fabricated. The sensor is based on an ion association of MBZ with silicotungstic acid (STA) as ion pair and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEP) as the plasticizing agent in a PVC matrix. The sensor showed a linear response for MBZ for a concentration range 1.0x10(-6)-5.0x10(-2) M with a Nernstian slope of 55.8 mV/decade (limit of detection 6.3x10(-7) M) in the pH range 4-7. It has a fast response time of <30 s. The sensor showed a very good selectivity for MBZ with respect to a large number of ions. The direct determination of MBZ in pharmaceutical formulations gave results that compare well with the data obtained from the standard method.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Girish Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India.
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Hassan SSM, El-Shahawi MS, Othman AM, Mosaad MA. A potentiometric rhodamine-B based membrane sensor for the selective determination of chromium ions in wastewater. ANAL SCI 2006; 21:673-8. [PMID: 15984204 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The construction and performance characteristics of a novel chromate ion-selective membrane sensor are described and used for determining chromium(III) and chromium(VI) ions. The sensor is based on the use of a rhodamine-B chromate ion-associate complex as an electroactive material in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane plasticized with o-nitrophenyloctyl ether as a solvent mediator. In a phosphate buffer solution of pH 6 - 7, the sensor displays a stable, reproducible and linear potential response over the concentration range of 1 x 10(-1) - 5 x 10(-6) mol l(-1) with an anionic Nernstian slope of 30.8 +/- 0.5 mV decade(-1) and a detection limit of 1 x 10(-6) mol l(-1) Cr(VI). High selectivity for Cr(VI) is offered over many common anions (e.g., I-, Br-, Cl-, IO4-, CN-, acetate, oxalate, citrate, sulfate, phosphate, thiosulfate, selenite, nitrate) and cations (e.g., Ag+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Al3+, Cr3+). The sensor is used for determining Cr(VI) and/or Cr(III) ions in separate or mixed solutions after the oxidation of Cr(III) into Cr(VI) with H2O2. As low as 0.2 microg ml(-1) of chromium is determined with a precision of +/-1.2%. The chromium contents of some wastewater samples were accurately assessed, and the results agreed fairly well with data obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad S M Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Zamani H, Abedini-Torghabeh J, Ganjali M. A Highly Selective and Sensitive Barium(II)-Selective PVC Membrane Based on Dimethyl 1-Acetyl-8-oxo-2,8-dihydro- 1H-pyra-zolo[5,1-a]isoindole-2,3-dicarboxylate. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Saleh MB, Gaber AAA, Khalaf MMR, Tawfeek AM. Novel Sm(III) Ion‐Selective Polymeric Membrane Sensor Based on Spiro[Oxirane‐Pyrazolidinedione] Derivative Ionophore. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710500423351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Othman A, El-Shahawi M, Abdel-Azeem M. A novel barium polymeric membrane sensor for selective determination of barium and sulphate ions based on the complex ion associate barium(II)–Rose Bengal as neutral ionophore. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sermon PA, McLellan NM, Collins IR. Formation of BaSO4 nanoribbons from a molecular mangle. CrystEngComm 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b406745m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abdel Gaber AA. A Novel PVC Membrane Sensor for Selective Determination of Cerium(III) Ions. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120024634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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