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Zhao P, Zhang L. Polymer-assisted structural modification on nucleosides and nucleotides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 32:273-93. [PMID: 23638922 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.785561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nucleosides and their analogues play important roles in biological research and clinical therapeutics. Polymer-assisted structural modifications of nucleosides and nucleotides enable parallel and rapid construction of nucleoside library. For some nucleosides, higher chemical selectivity and regioselectivity can be achieved using solid-phase synthesis when compared to classic solution-phase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America.
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Šála M, De Palma AM, Hřebabecký H, Dejmek M, Dračínský M, Leyssen P, Neyts J, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Nencka R. SAR studies of 9-norbornylpurines as Coxsackievirus B3 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4271-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Angusti A, Manfredini S, Durini E, Ciliberti N, Vertuani S, Solaroli N, Pricl S, Ferrone M, Fermeglia M, Loddo R, Secci B, Visioli A, Sanna T, Collu G, Pezzullo M, La Colla P. Design, synthesis and anti flaviviridae activity of N(6)-, 5',3'-O- and 5',2'-O-substituted adenine nucleoside analogs. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:423-32. [PMID: 18379085 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During a random screening of representative libraries of nucleoside analogues we discovered that the adenine derivatives FEVB28 and FEG118 were Flaviviridae inhibitors endowed with potency comparable, if not superior, to that of ribavirin. Those studies prompted us to design a new class of protected nucleoside analogs, reported herein, which displays interesting anti-bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) activity and low cytotoxicity in cell-based assays (4, 23, 29 EC(50): 14, 11, 26 microM respectively, CC(50)>100 microM) and appreciable activity in enzyme assays against the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of BVDV (4, 23, 29, RdRp inhibition activity 27, 16, 15 microM respectively). A molecular modeling study was also carried out to highlight the possible interactions between this compounds class and the corresponding hepatitis C virus (HCV) enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Angusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Heidler P, Link A. N-Acyl-N-alkyl-sulfonamide anchors derived from Kenner’s safety-catch linker: powerful tools in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:585-99. [PMID: 15653327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 1971 Kenner et al. introduced the safety-catch principle into solid phase peptide synthesis. Thus two contradicting needs were addressed. On the one hand, sufficient stability of the linker substrate bond to impede hydrolysis or similar side reactions, on the other hand mild chemical conditions allowing for unscathed liberation of the precious products. Over the years this linker type emerged in several different chemical disciplines and nowadays it presents a useful and broadly applicable tool. Recent advancements and applications based on Kenner's safety-catch linker are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Heidler
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032, Germany
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Mathieu R, Baurand A, Schmitt M, Gachet C, Bourguignon JJ. Synthesis and biological activity of 2-alkylated deoxyadenosine bisphosphate derivatives as P2Y(1) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:1769-79. [PMID: 15028267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A previous study around adenine nucleotides afforded the reference N(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate (1a, MRS 2179) as a selective human P2Y(1) receptor antagonist (pA(2)=6.55+/-0.05) with antithrombotic properties. In the present paper, we have synthesized and tested in vitro various 2-substituted derivatives with the goal of exploring the 2-position binding region and developing more potent P2Y(1) receptor antagonists. Thus, we have adopted a novel and versatile chemical pathway using a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with the 2-iodinated derivative 7 as a common intermediate for a very efficient synthesis of the 2-alkyl-N(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate nucleotides 1e-i. The biological activity was evaluated through the ability of compounds to inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation, intracellular calcium rise and to displace the specific binding of [(33)P]2-MeSADP. 2-Ethyl and 2-propyl groups appeared to be tolerated, whereas a bulky group or a C(3) linear substituent dramatically decreased potency of antagonists. The 2-ethynyl derivative 1h (pA(2)=7.54+/-0.10) was significantly more potent (10-fold) as an antagonist when compared to the reference 1a, revealing a potential electronic interaction highly favorable between triple bond orbitals and the P2Y(1) receptor at this position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie de la Communication Cellulaire (CNRS, UMR 7081), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Louis Pasteur, 74 route du Rhin, BP24, 67401 Illkirch cedex, France
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Abstract
The ongoing interest in ethanolamide derivatives of anti-inflammatory drugs as potential synthetic cannabinoids and mechanistic tools for the study of cannabinoid and vanilloid receptors prompted us to develop a practical gram scale synthesis for the hitherto unknown ethanolamide of fenbufen. Dehydration of fenbufen leads to intramolecular ring closure yielding bright pink crystals of the intramolecular enol ester. Reaction of this activated but stable intermediate with ethanolamine leads to the title compound in good yield and purity without the necessity to remove coupling reagents or residual activating groups, such as N, N-dialkyl ureas and fluorinated phenols.
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Herforth C, Wiesner J, Franke S, Golisade A, Jomaa H, Link A. Antimalarial activity of n(6)-substituted adenosine derivatives (part 2). JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 4:302-14. [PMID: 12099848 DOI: 10.1021/cc0100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the in vitro antimalarial activity of a new series of adenosine derivatives. The results show that N(6)-(1-naphthylmethyl)-5'-deoxy-5'-(amido)adenosines as well as N(6)-(4-phenylbenzyl)-5'-deoxy-5'-(amido)adenosines display significant activity against the malaria-causing parasites, with the sterically demanding bisubstituted species reported being active in most cases in the low-micromolar range. The novel compounds with unusual substitution pattern were obtained applying an efficient convergent polymer-assisted solution-phase (cPASP) synthesis protocol. Thus, we were able to prepare a series of substituted derivatives in parallel that would have been difficult to synthesize by standard techniques. The scope and limitations of the synthetic methodology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Herforth
- Institut für Pharmazie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Golisade A, Herforth C, Quirijnen L, Maes L, Link A. Improving an antitrypanosomal lead applying nucleophilic substitution on a safety catch linker. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:159-65. [PMID: 11738617 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In a joint effort with various laboratories we have been aiming at the structure-based design of glycolysis inhibitors as anti-trypanosomal drugs. 2'-Deoxy-2'-(3-methoxybenzamido)-N(6)-(1-naphtylmethyl)adenosine (1a) was thus revealed as a promising lead structure for the development of selective agents against protozoan parasites. Here we describe the polymer-assisted synthesis of novel amido derivatives of the scaffold 2'-amino-2'-deoxy-N(6)-(1-naphtylmethyl)adenosine (5a) we reported recently. This building block synthesized in solution was treated with an excess of polymer-supported carboxylic acids leading to chemoselective, practically quantitative conversion of the amine to the desired analogous amides. The best compound (1h) from this series was obtained after on-bead nucleophilic substitution of the carboxylic acid equivalent attached to the Kenner safety catch linker and exhibited an improved inhibitory effect on T. b. brucei blood stream forms with an IC(50) of 0.85 microM in vitro
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfasl Golisade
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
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Bressi JC, Verlinde CLMJ, Aronov AM, Shaw ML, Shin SS, Nguyen LN, Suresh S, Buckner FS, Van Voorhis WC, Kuntz ID, Hol WGJ, Gelb MH. Adenosine analogues as selective inhibitors of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Trypanosomatidae via structure-based drug design. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2080-93. [PMID: 11405646 PMCID: PMC2957370 DOI: 10.1021/jm000472o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In our continuation of the structure-based design of anti-trypanosomatid drugs, parasite-selective adenosine analogues were identified as low micromolar inhibitors of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Crystal structures of Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania mexicana, and human GAPDH's provided details of how the adenosyl moiety of NAD(+) interacts with the proteins, and this facilitated the understanding of the relative affinities of a series of adenosine analogues for the various GAPDH's. From exploration of modifications of the naphthalenemethyl and benzamide substituents of a lead compound, N(6)-(1-naphthalenemethyl)-2'-deoxy-2'-(3-methoxybenzamido)adenosine (6e), N(6)-(substituted-naphthalenemethyl)-2'-deoxy-2'-(substituted-benzamido)adenosine analogues were investigated. N(6)-(1-Naphthalenemethyl)-2'-deoxy-2'-(3,5-dimethoxybenzamido)adenosine (6m), N(6)-[1-(3-hydroxynaphthalene)methyl]-2'-deoxy-2'-(3,5-dimethoxybenzamido)adenosine (7m), N(6)-[1-(3-methoxynaphthalene)methyl]-2'-deoxy-2'-(3,5-dimethoxybenzamido)adenosine (9m), N(6)-(2-naphthalenemethyl)-2'-deoxy-2'-(3-methoxybenzamido)adenosine (11e), and N(6)-(2-naphthalenemethyl)-2'-deoxy-2'-(3,5-dimethoxybenzamido)adenosine (11m) demonstrated a 2- to 3-fold improvement over 6e and a 7100- to 25000-fold improvement over the adenosine template. IC(50)'s of these compounds were in the range 2-12 microM for T. brucei, T. cruzi, and L. mexicana GAPDH's, and these compounds did not inhibit mammalian GAPDH when tested at their solubility limit. To explore more thoroughly the structure-activity relationships of this class of compounds, a library of 240 N(6)-(substituted)-2'-deoxy-2'-(amido)adenosine analogues was generated using parallel solution-phase synthesis with N(6) and C2' substituents chosen on the basis of computational docking scores. This resulted in the identification of 40 additional compounds that inhibit parasite GAPDH's in the low micromolar range. We also explored adenosine analogues containing 5'-amido substituents and found that 2',5'-dideoxy-2'-(3,5-dimethoxybenzamido)-5'-(diphenylacetamido)adenosine (49) displays an IC(50) of 60-100 microM against the three parasite GAPDH's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome C. Bressi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | | | - Alex M. Aronov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - My Le Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Sam S. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Lisa N. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Stephen Suresh
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Biomolecular Structure Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | | | | | - Irwin D. Kuntz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Wim G. J. Hol
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Biomolecular Structure Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Michael H. Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 206-543-7142. Fax: 206-685-8665.
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Kryatova OP, Connors WH, Bleczinski CF, Mokhir AA, Richert C. A 2‘-Acylamido Cap That Increases the Stability of Oligonucleotide Duplexes. Org Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ol0003782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga P. Kryatova
- Departments of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, and University of Constance, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - William H. Connors
- Departments of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, and University of Constance, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Colleen F. Bleczinski
- Departments of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, and University of Constance, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andriy A. Mokhir
- Departments of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, and University of Constance, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Clemens Richert
- Departments of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, and University of Constance, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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