1
|
Kennedy L, Sajjad M, Herrera MA, Szieber P, Rybacka N, Zhao Y, Steven C, Alghamdi Z, Zlatkov I, Hagen J, Lauder C, Rudolfova N, Abramiuk M, Bolimowska K, Joynt D, Lucero A, Ortiz GP, Lilienkampf A, Hulme AN, Campopiano DJ. Developing deprotectase biocatalysts for synthesis. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 38856717 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Organic synthesis often requires multiple steps where a functional group (FG) is concealed from reaction by a protecting group (PG). Common PGs include N-carbobenzyloxy (Cbz or Z) of amines and tert-butyloxycarbonyl (OtBu) of acids. An essential step is the removal of the PG, but this often requires excess reagents, extensive time and can have low % yield. An overarching goal of biocatalysis is to use "green" or "enzymatic" methods to catalyse chemical transformations. One under-utilised approach is the use of "deprotectase" biocatalysts to selectively remove PGs from various organic substrates. The advantage of this methodology is the exquisite selectivity of the biocatalyst to only act on its target, leaving other FGs and PGs untouched. A number of deprotectase biocatalysts have been reported but they are not commonly used in mainstream synthetic routes. This study describes the construction of a cascade to deprotect doubly-protected amino acids. The well known Bacillus BS2 esterase was used to remove the OtBu PG from various amino acid substrates. The more obscure Sphingomonas Cbz-ase (amidohydrolase) was screened with a range of N-Cbz-modified amino acid substrates. We then combined both the BS2 and Cbz-ase together for a 1 pot, 2 step deprotection of the model substrate CBz-L-Phe OtBu to produce the free L-Phe. We also provide some insight into the residues involved in substrate recognition and catalysis using docked ligands in the crystal structure of BS2. Similarly, a structural model of the Cbz-ase identifies a potential di-metal binding site and reveals conserved active site residues. This new biocatalytic cascade should be further explored for its application in chemical synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kennedy
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Mariyah Sajjad
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Michael A Herrera
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Peter Szieber
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Natasza Rybacka
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Yinan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Craig Steven
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Zainab Alghamdi
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Ivan Zlatkov
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Julie Hagen
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Chloe Lauder
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Natalie Rudolfova
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Magdalena Abramiuk
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Karolina Bolimowska
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Daniel Joynt
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Angelica Lucero
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Gustavo Perez Ortiz
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Annamaria Lilienkampf
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Alison N Hulme
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Dominic J Campopiano
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hattori T, Yamamoto H. Synthesis of Silacyclic Dipeptides: Peptide Elongation at Both N- and C-Termini of Dipeptide. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1758-1765. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hattori
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Peptide Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pícha J, Buděšínský M, Macháčková K, Collinsová M, Jiráček J. Optimized syntheses of Fmoc azido amino acids for the preparation of azidopeptides. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:202-214. [PMID: 28120383 PMCID: PMC5347871 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rise of CuI‐catalyzed click chemistry has initiated an increased demand for azido and alkyne derivatives of amino acid as precursors for the synthesis of clicked peptides. However, the use of azido and alkyne amino acids in peptide chemistry is complicated by their high cost. For this reason, we investigated the possibility of the in‐house preparation of a set of five Fmoc azido amino acids: β‐azido l‐alanine and d‐alanine, γ‐azido l‐homoalanine, δ‐azido l‐ornithine and ω‐azido l‐lysine. We investigated several reaction pathways described in the literature, suggested several improvements and proposed several alternative routes for the synthesis of these compounds in high purity. Here, we demonstrate that multigram quantities of these Fmoc azido amino acids can be prepared within a week or two and at user‐friendly costs. We also incorporated these azido amino acids into several model tripeptides, and we observed the formation of a new elimination product of the azido moiety upon conditions of prolonged couplings with 2‐(1H‐benzotriazol‐1‐yl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate/DIPEA. We hope that our detailed synthetic protocols will inspire some peptide chemists to prepare these Fmoc azido acids in their laboratories and will assist them in avoiding the too extensive costs of azidopeptide syntheses. Experimental procedures and/or analytical data for compounds 3–5, 20, 25, 26, 30 and 43–47 are provided in the supporting information. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Peptide Science published by European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macháčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei BM, Zhang ZY, Dai ZQ, Zhang KC. Application of chloroaluminate ionic liquid as catalyst and medium for the dealkylation of esters. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Microwave-assisted expeditious hydrolysis of isobenzofuranone derivatives using silica supported acid under organic solvent-free conditions. ARAB J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
6
|
Herath A, Cosford NDP. One-step continuous flow synthesis of highly substituted pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives via in situ hydrolysis of tert-butyl esters. Org Lett 2010; 12:5182-5. [PMID: 20964284 DOI: 10.1021/ol102216x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first one-step, continuous flow synthesis of pyrrole-3-carboxylic acids directly from tert-butyl acetoacetates, amines, and 2-bromoketones is reported. The HBr generated as a byproduct in the Hantzsch reaction was utilized in the flow method to hydrolyze the t-butyl esters in situ to provide the corresponding acids in a single microreactor. The protocol was used in the multistep synthesis of pyrrole-3-carboxamides, including two CB1 inverse agonists, directly from commercially available starting materials in a single continuous process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Herath
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program & Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Two-colour screening in combinatorial chemistry: prospecting for enantioselectivity in a library of steroid-based receptors. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
|
10
|
Cadierno V, Gimeno J, Nebra N. A Novel Propargylation/Cycloisomerization Tandem Process Catalyzed by a Ruthenium(II)/Trifluoroacetic Acid System: One-Pot Entry to Fully Substituted Furans from Readily Available Secondary Propargylic Alcohols and 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
11
|
Chemoselective hydrolysis of tert-butyl esters in acetonitrile using molecular iodine as a mild and efficient catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Yan AX, Chan RY, Lau WS, Lee KS, Wong MS, Xing GW, Tian GL, Ye YH. Enzymatic synthesis and bioactivity of estradiol derivative conjugates with different amino acids. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Strazzolini P, Misuri N, Polese P. Efficient cleavage of carboxylic tert-butyl and 1-adamantyl esters, and N-Boc-amines using H2SO4 in CH2Cl2. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Misra AK, Agnihotri G. Nitric Acid Mediated Oxidative Transformation of Thiols to Disulfides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120028640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
15
|
Bellesia F, De Buyck L, Ghelfi F, Pagnoni UM, Strazzolini P. Oxidation of Aliphatic 2,2‐Dichloroalkanals by HNO 3 in CH 2Cl 2: An Easy and Eco‐friendly Route to the Corresponding 2,2‐Dichloroalkanoic Acids. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Bellesia
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Modena, Italia
| | - Laurent De Buyck
- b Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Franco Ghelfi
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Modena, Italia
| | - Ugo M. Pagnoni
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Modena, Italia
| | - Paolo Strazzolini
- c Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche , Università di Udine , via del Cotonificio 108, I‐33100, Udine, Italia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Strazzolini P, Dall?Arche M, Zossi M, Pavsler A. An Improved Stereoselective Synthesis ofL-Alanosine. European J Org Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Application of substituted 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl esters to suppress diketopiperazine formation. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
18
|
Aurelio L, Box JS, Brownlee RTC, Hughes AB, Sleebs MM. An efficient synthesis of N-methyl amino acids by way of intermediate 5-oxazolidinones. J Org Chem 2003; 68:2652-67. [PMID: 12662035 DOI: 10.1021/jo026722l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-Methyl amino acids occur in many natural products. Experimental strategies are presented for a unified approach to the synthesis of N-methyl derivatives through 5-oxazolidinones of the 20 common l-amino acids. The amino acids with reactive side chains that required protecting groups or devoted syntheses for side chain construction for N-methylation to proceed included serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine, tryptophan, asparagine, histidine, and arginine. The studies have provided improved methods for the preparation of N-methyl serine, threonine, and tyrosine. All 20 of the common l-amino acids are now available in suitable forms for solid or solution-phase peptide synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Aurelio
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aguado GP, Moglioni AG, Ortuño RM. Enantiodivergent synthesis of cyclobutyl-(Z)-α,β-dehydro-α-amino acid derivatives from (−)-cis-pinononic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
A convenient synthesis of N -Boc-protected tert -butyl esters of phenylglycines from benzylamines. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Marcantoni E, Massaccesi M, Torregiani E, Bartoli G, Bosco M, Sambri L. Selective deprotection of N-Boc-protected tert-butyl ester amino acids by the CeCl3*7H2O-NaI system in acetonitrile. J Org Chem 2001; 66:4430-2. [PMID: 11397190 DOI: 10.1021/jo010010y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Marcantoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica A. Mangini, v.le Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nitric acid in dichloromethane solution. Facile preparation from potassium nitrate and sulfuric acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)02253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|