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Mei H, Liu A, He J, Yu Y, Han J. Visible-Light-Irradiated Cascade Reaction of Indole-Tethered Alkenes to Access Tetracyclic Tetrahydro-γ-carbolines. Org Lett 2022; 24:2630-2635. [PMID: 35354314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of indole-derived alkenes have been designed and applied in a photocatalytic cascade reaction with bromodifluoroacetate esters, affording an unknown type of tetracyclic tetrahydro-γ-carboline derivative in up to 90% yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds with tetrahydro-γ-carboline as a key intermediate. The reaction tolerates a diverse pool of substrates, which provides an efficient method for the construction of tetracyclic tetrahydro-γ-carboline compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Aiyao Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jingrui He
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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2
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Isocyanide-based MCRs: Diastereoselective cascade synthesis of perfluoroalkylated pyrano[3,4-c]pyrrole derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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3
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Chen AY, Lu Q, Fu Y, Sarpong R, Stoltz BM, Zhang H. Isocanthine Synthesis via Rh(III)-Catalyzed Intramolecular C-H Functionalization. J Org Chem 2017; 83:330-337. [PMID: 29182872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of substituted isocanthines has been achieved using an intramolecular Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalization of alkyne-tethered indoles in the presence of catalytic tris(acetonitrile)pentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium(III) hexafluoroantimonate and stoichiometric copper(II) acetate. This isocanthine synthesis tolerates a variety of electronically diverse 5- or 6-substituted indoles with N-tethered alkyne coupling partners and can also be extended to pyrrole derivatives for the synthesis of annulated 5-azaindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Y Chen
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Qianqian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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4
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Zheng L, Bin Y, Wang Y, Hua R. Synthesis of Natural Product-like Polyheterocycles via One-Pot Cascade Oximation, C-H Activation, and Alkyne Annulation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8911-8919. [PMID: 27626812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for the direct transformation of chroman-4-ones to tricyclic fused pyridines with the skeleton of cassiarins, a family of alkaloids with antimalarial activity, was developed. Also, a general strategy for modular construction of polyheterocycles with diverse natural product-like skeletons was developed by using ketone-alkyne bifunctional substrates. These reactions involved a one-pot cascade oximation of ketones, rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation, and intermolecular/intramolecular alkyne annulations under mild conditions with high atom, step, and redox economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunhui Bin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Dai J, Li N, Wang J, Schneider U. Fruitful Decades for Canthin-6-ones from 1952 to 2015: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Biological Activities. Molecules 2016; 21:493. [PMID: 27092482 PMCID: PMC6274392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, more than 60 natural canthin-6-one alkaloids and their structures are considered. The biosynthesis, efficient and classic synthetic approaches, and biological activities of canthin-6-one alkaloids, from 1952 to 2015, are discussed. From an analysis of their structural properties and an investigation of the literature, possible future trends for canthin-6-one alkaloids are proposed. The information reported will be helpful in future research on canthin-6-one alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkun Dai
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Junru Wang
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Uwe Schneider
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
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6
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Dondas HA, Hempshall A, Narramore S, Kilner C, Fishwick CW, Grigg R. γ-Carboline AC190 analogues via palladium catalysed allene insertion stereo and regioselective 3- and 5-component cascades. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Hingane DG, Parekh NP, Khan A, Kusurkar RS. Efficient synthetic route toward biologically active γ-carboline derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2015.1103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dattatray G. Hingane
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikita P. Parekh
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Radhika S. Kusurkar
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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8
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Dagar A, Biswas S, Samanta S. A catalyst-free, efficient green MCR protocol for access to functionalized γ-carbolines in water. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A catalyst-free green procedure for access to substituted γ-carbolines has been achieved in water with excellent yields via a MCR reaction of 3-formyl indole derivatives, aldehydes with NH4OAc at room temperature under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Dagar
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Department of Technology
- Indore
- India
| | - Soumen Biswas
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Department of Technology
- Indore
- India
| | - Sampak Samanta
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Department of Technology
- Indore
- India
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9
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Zhu Y, Shen XR, Tang HT, Lin M, Zhan ZP. Silver(i)-catalyzed annulation for the regioselective synthesis of N-imino-γ-carbolinium ylides from hydrazones of indole-3-carbonyl derivatives and propargylic alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9514-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02020k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective efficient synthetic approach to N-imino-γ-carbolinium ylides via AgOTf-catalyzed iminoannulation from indole derivatives and propargylic alcohols has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Rui Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Ping Zhan
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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10
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Naik PN, Khan A, Kusurkar RS. Intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction for the synthesis of tetracyclic carbazoles and isocanthines. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Showalter HDH. Progress in the synthesis of canthine alkaloids and ring-truncated congeners. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:455-467. [PMID: 23311415 DOI: 10.1021/np300753z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The canthines represent a fairly large subclass of β-carboline alkaloids, with the first members described 75 years ago. Over the last 60 years, many members of the parent compound, canthin-6-one (1), have been isolated from various plant sources, principally the Rutaceae and Simaroubaceae families, and recently from fungi. Structures isolated from these sources have been the subject of total synthesis, which continues to the present day. This review gives a broad overview of synthetic approaches to canthines over a 30-year period from 1982 to 2012 and summarizes recent reports on the synthesis of less well known ring-truncated congeners. These include C-ring-truncated ("ABD", 2) and A-ring-truncated ("BCD", 3) ring systems, which are providing new scaffolds for potentially useful therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Hollis Showalter
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA.
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12
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Majumder S, Bhuyan PJ. Synthesis of some novel and complex thiopyrano indole derivatives from simple oxindole via intramolecular domino hetero Diels–Alder reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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13
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Samai S, Chandra Nandi G, Chowdhury S, Singh MS. l-Proline catalyzed synthesis of densely functionalized pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines via three-component one-pot domino Knoevenagel aza-Diels–Alder reaction. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Ioannidou HA, Martin A, Gollner A, Koutentis PA. Three-step synthesis of Ethyl Canthinone-1-carboxylates from ethyl 4-bromo-6-methoxy-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate via a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and a Cu-catalyzed amidation reaction [corrected]. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5113-22. [PMID: 21563779 DOI: 10.1021/jo200824b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl canthin-6-one-1-carboxylate (1b) and nine analogues 1c-k were prepared from readily prepared ethyl 4-bromo-6-methoxy-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (2b) via a three-step non-classical approach that focused on construction of the central pyrrole (ring B) using Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling followed by Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling. Furthermore, treatment of the ethyl canthinone-1-carboxylate 1b with NaOH in DCM/MeOH (9:1) gave the canthin-6-one-1-carboxylic acid (6) in high yield. All compounds are fully characterized.
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15
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Smirnova OB, Golovko TV, Granik VG. Carbolines. Part I: Comparison of some methods for the synthesis of α-, γ-, and δ-carbolines (a review). Pharm Chem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-011-0540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Solé D, Bennasar ML, Jiménez I. Intramolecular palladium-catalysed enolate arylation of 2- and 3-iodoindole derivatives for the synthesis of β-carbolines, γ-carbolines, and pyrrolo[3,4-b]indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4535-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05087g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Moghaddam FM, Kiamehr M, Khodabakhshi MR, Mirjafary Z, Fathi S, Saeidian H. A new domino Knoevenagel-hetero-Diels–Alder reaction: an efficient catalyst-free synthesis of novel thiochromone-annulated thiopyranocoumarin derivatives in aqueous medium. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Jayagobi M, Raghunathan R. Diastereoselective synthesis of cis-fused pyrano[4,5-c]pyrrole derivatives via microwave-accelerated intramolecular Knoevenagal hetero Diels–Alder reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Gollner A, Koutentis PA. Two-step total syntheses of canthin-6-one alkaloids: new one-pot sequential Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Cu-catalyzed amidation reaction. Org Lett 2010; 12:1352-5. [PMID: 20192213 DOI: 10.1021/ol100300s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canthin-6-one (1) and nine analogues including the naturally occurring 9-methoxycanthin-6-one (2) and amaroridine (3) are prepared rapidly and in high yields via a convergent "non-classical" strategy that focuses on construction of the central ring B. The strategy relies on concomitant Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling followed by a Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling that can be achieved either stepwise or in a new one-pot protocol starting from the appropriate 8-bromo-1,5-naphthyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gollner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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20
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Moghaddam F, Kiamehr M, Taheri S, Mirjafary Z. Synthesis of Novel Polycyclic Indole-Annulated Thiopyranocoumarin Derivatives via Domino Knoevenagel-Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction in Aqueous Media. Helv Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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[4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Indole Derivatives. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2010_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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22
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Kiamehr M, Moghaddam FM. An efficient ZnO-catalyzed synthesis of novel indole-annulated thiopyrano-chromene derivatives via Domino Knoevenagel-hetero-Diels–Alder reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Singh V, Hutait S, Batra S. BaylisâHillman Reaction of 1-Formyl-β-carboline: One-Step Synthesis of the Canthin-6-one Framework by an Unprecedented Cascade Cyclization Reaction. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Alekseyev RS, Kurkin AV, Yurovskaya MA. γ-Carbolines and their hydrogenated derivatives. 1. Aromatic γ-carbolines: methods of synthesis, chemical and biological properties (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-009-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Khoshkholgh MJ, Balalaie S, Gleiter R, Rominger F. Intramolecular hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of 1-oxa-1,3-butadienes with terminal acetylenes in aqueous media using CuI. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Boisse T, Gautret P, Rigo B, Goossens L, Hénichart JP, Gavara L. A new synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolines by a tandem electrocyclization–oxidation process. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Iafe RG, Houk KN. Intramolecular Hetero-Diels−Alder Reactions of Imine and Iminium Dienophiles: Quantum Mechanical Exploration of Mechanisms and Stereoselectivities. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2679-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702576r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Iafe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
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28
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Intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions of α,β-unsaturated oxime ethers as 1-azadienes: synthesis of [c]-fused pyridines. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Saito A, Hironaga M, Oda S, Hanzawa Y. Rh(I)-catalyzed intramolecular hetero-[4+2] cycloaddition of ω-alkynyl-vinyl oximes. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.07.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Macone A, Caiazzo A, Antonucci A, Fochi I, Nardini M, Duprè S, Matarese RM. Synthesis and characterization of a dehydrogenation product arising from the oxidation of aminoethylcysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:1046-8. [PMID: 17469872 DOI: 10.1021/np060641t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
While investigating the antioxidant properties of aminoethylcysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer (1) (a natural substance occurring in biological fluids such as human urine and plasma and in bovine cerebellum), a previously unreported oxidation product was obtained. This compound was identified and characterized through comparison with an authentic sample prepared via Pd-catalyzed dehydrogenation of 1. This molecule is an example of an alternative oxidation pathway involving 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi-Fanelli and National Research Council Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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31
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Reactivity of 4-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines with hydrazines. Molecules 2006; 11:929-39. [PMID: 18007397 DOI: 10.3390/11110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of 6-(nitrophenyl or trimethoxyphenyl)-4-tert-butyldimethyl- siloxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives with hydrazines under acid conditions is described. The structure of the products isolated - hydrazones, pyrazolines or pyridazinones - depended on the conditions used. In addition, a systematic study of the reaction outcomes was carried out by introducing variations on the substituents of the tetrahydropyridine ring.
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32
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Nagarajan R, Perumal PT. ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF INDOLES CATALYZED BY TRIPHENYL PHOSPHONIUM PERCHLORATE: SYNTHESIS OF 3-ACETYL INDOLES AND BIS-INDOLYLMETHANE DERIVATIVES. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120001515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopal Nagarajan
- a Organic Chemistry Division, Central Leather Research Institute , Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
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33
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Bridoux A, Goossens L, Houssin R, Héanichart JP. Synthesis of 8-substituted tetrahydro-γ-carbolines. J Heterocycl Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570430308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Markgraf JH, Dowst AA, Hensley LA, Jakobsche CE, Kaltner CJ, Webb PJ, Zimmerman PW. A versatile route to benzocanthinones. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang H, Larock RC. Synthesis of annulated gamma-carbolines and heteropolycycles by the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular annulation of alkynes. J Org Chem 2003; 68:5132-8. [PMID: 12816467 DOI: 10.1021/jo0343228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of N-substituted 2-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehydes incorporating an alkyne-containing tether on the indole nitrogen have been converted to the corresponding tert-butylimines, which have been subjected to palladium-catalyzed intramolecular iminoannulation, affording various gamma-carboline derivatives with an additional ring fused across the 4- and 5-positions in good to excellent yields. When the tethered carbon-carbon triple bond is terminal or substituted with a triethylsilyl group, the iminoannulation generates a tert-butyl-gamma-carbolinium salt as the major product. The palladium-catalyzed intramolecular annulations of N-substituted 2-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde, methyl 2-iodo-1H-indole-3-carboxylate, and 2-iodo-3-phenyl-1H-indole containing a phenylpentynyl tether produce the corresponding heteropolycycles in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Zhang H, Larock RC. Synthesis of beta- and gamma-carbolines by the palladium/copper-catalyzed coupling and cyclization of terminal acetylenes. J Org Chem 2002; 67:7048-56. [PMID: 12353999 DOI: 10.1021/jo0258857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of 3-substituted beta- and gamma-carbolines have been synthesized from N-substituted 3-iodoindole-2-carboxaldehydes and 2-bromoindole-3-carboxaldehydes, respectively. The coupling of these aldehydes with various terminal acetylenes with PdCl(2)(PPh(3))(2)/CuI as the catalyst readily affords the corresponding alkynylindole carboxaldehydes, which have subsequently been converted to the corresponding tert-butylimines and cyclized to beta- and gamma-carbolines by either copper-catalyzed or thermal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Zhang H, Larock RC. Synthesis of annulated gamma-carbolines by palladium-catalyzed intramolecular iminoannulation. Org Lett 2002; 4:3035-8. [PMID: 12201710 DOI: 10.1021/ol026255u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A variety of N-substituted 2-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehydes incorporating an alkyne-containing tether on the indole nitrogen have been converted to the corresponding tert-butylimines, which have been subjected to palladium-catalyzed intramolecular iminoannulation, affording various annulated gamma-carbolines in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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Nagarajan R, Perumal PT. InCl3 and In(OTf)3 catalyzed reactions: synthesis of 3-acetyl indoles, bis-indolylmethane and indolylquinoline derivatives. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang H, Larock RC. Synthesis of β- and γ-carbolines by the palladium/copper-catalyzed coupling and copper-catalyzed or thermal cyclization of terminal acetylenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang H, Larock RC. Synthesis of beta- and gamma-carbolines by the palladium-catalyzed iminoannulation of internal alkynes. Org Lett 2001; 3:3083-6. [PMID: 11574000 DOI: 10.1021/ol010124w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A variety of substituted beta- and gamma-carbolines have been prepared in good to excellent yields by the annulation of internal acetylenes by the tert-butylimines of N-substituted 3-iodoindole-2-carboxaldehydes and 2-haloindole-3-carboxaldehydes, respectively, in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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