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Doerksen RS, Hodík T, Hu G, Huynh NO, Shuler WG, Krische MJ. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cycloadditions to Form Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered Rings. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4045-4083. [PMID: 33576620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-catalyzed cycloadditions to form five-, six-, and seven-membered rings are summarized, including applications in natural product total synthesis. Content is organized by ring size and reaction type. Coverage is limited to processes that involve formation of at least one C-C bond. Processes that are stoichiometric in ruthenium or exploit ruthenium as a Lewis acid (without intervention of organometallic intermediates), ring formations that occur through dehydrogenative condensation-reduction, σ-bond activation-initiated annulations that do not result in net reduction of bond multiplicity, and photochemically promoted ruthenium-catalyzed cycloadditions are not covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie S Doerksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tomáš Hodík
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Guanyu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nancy O Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - William G Shuler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Lo HJ, Lin CY, Tseng MC, Chein RJ. Lithiation of a Silyl Ether: Formation of anortho-Fries Hydroxyketone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lo HJ, Lin CY, Tseng MC, Chein RJ. Lithiation of a Silyl Ether: Formation of anortho-Fries Hydroxyketone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9026-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lim DSW, Anderson EA. One-step preparation of functionalized (E)-vinylsilanes from aldehydes. Org Lett 2011; 13:4806-9. [PMID: 21838273 DOI: 10.1021/ol201833u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized (E)-vinylsilanes have been prepared in one step from a wide range of aldehydes, via a chromium(II)-mediated olefination with novel dihalomethylsilane reagents, in moderate to excellent yields and with excellent stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S W Lim
- Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Hamze A, Provot O, Brion JD, Alami M. Xphos ligand and platinum catalysts: A versatile catalyst for the synthesis of functionalized β-(E)-vinylsilanes from terminal alkynes. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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El Bakkari M, Vincent JM. Pyridyl Tags as Phase Labels in Organic Synthesis: Fluorous and Non-Fluorous Approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200640055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kozuka M, Inoue A, Tsuchida T, Mitani M. Copper(I) Chloride-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling Reaction of Primary Amines with Electrophiles and α-Halogen-Substituted Allylsilanes to Form Unsymmetrical Tertiary Amines. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yamane M, Uera K, Narasaka K. Rhodium-Catalyzed Acylation of Vinylsilanes with Acid Anhydrides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.78.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kamei T, Itami K, Yoshida JI. Catalytic Carbometalation/Cross-Coupling Sequence across Alkynyl(2-pyridyl)silanes Leading to a Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Tamoxifen-Type Tetrasubstituted Olefins. Adv Synth Catal 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200404220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Itami K, Mitsudo K, Fujita K, Ohashi Y, Yoshida JI. Catalytic intermolecular Pauson-Khand-type reaction: strong directing effect of pyridylsilyl and pyrimidylsilyl groups and isolation of Ru complexes relevant to catalytic reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:11058-66. [PMID: 15339192 DOI: 10.1021/ja047484+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Some circumstantial evidence for the directing effect of the 2-pyridylsilyl group in the Ru-catalyzed intermolecular Pauson-Khand-type reaction (PKR) of alkenyl(2-pyridyl)silane, alkyne, and carbon monoxide has been provided. Most importantly, we have succeeded in isolating several monometallic Ru complexes relevant to the catalytic reaction: Ru(vinylsilane)(CO)(3) complexes and ruthenacyclopentene. While the stoichimetric reaction of the Ru(vinylsilane)(CO)(3) complex with an alkyne led to the formation of the corresponding cyclopentenone (PKR product) at 100 degrees C, the ruthenacyclopentene intermediate was quantitatively produced at 50 degrees C. This complex was also converted to a cyclopentenone upon heating at 100 degrees C. Moreover, it was also found that the Ru(vinylsilane)(CO)(3) complex and ruthenacyclopentene serve as catalysts in intermolecular PKR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Itami
- Contribution from the Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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Chinchilla R, Nájera C, Yus M. Metalated Heterocycles and Their Applications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2004; 104:2667-722. [PMID: 15137804 DOI: 10.1021/cr020101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chinchilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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Abstract
The representative examples of beneficial effects of hydrophilic groups in aqueous organic reactions are described, including the Diels-Alder reactions, hetero Diels-Alder reactions, Claisen rearrangement, radical reactions, and transition metal-catalyzed reactions. Although the low solubility of organic molecules in water has been a bane in aqueous organic reactions, the incorporation of hydrophilic groups into the substrate structure can overcome the solubility problem and at the same time enhance the hydrophobic effect. In some cases, interesting micellar effects are observed because of the amphiphilic natures of such molecules. The emerging concept of "removable hydrophilic group," in which the solubility problems have been alleviated, yet the initial product can still be transformed into a variety of products with the removal of the hydrophilic groups, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Itami K, Mineno M, Kamei T, Yoshida JI. A general and straightforward route toward diarylmethanes. Integrated cross-coupling reactions using (2-pyridyl)silylmethylstannane as an air-stable, storable, and versatile coupling platform. Org Lett 2002; 4:3635-8. [PMID: 12375906 DOI: 10.1021/ol026573t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Pharmacologically important diarylmethane structures have been prepared in a straightforward manner through sequentially integrated Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. (2-Pyridyl)silylmethylstannane was found to be an air-stable, storable, and versatile coupling platform in this synthetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Itami K, Mitsudo K, Nokami T, Kamei T, Koike T, Yoshida JI. Pyridylsilyl group-driven cross-coupling reactions. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Itami K, Mitsudo K, Nishino A, Yoshida JI. Metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkenes and alkynes using dimethyl(pyridyl)silane. J Org Chem 2002; 67:2645-52. [PMID: 11950311 DOI: 10.1021/jo0163389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkenes and alkynes using dimethyl(pyridyl)silane is described. The hydrosilylation of alkenes using dimethyl(2-pyridyl)silane (2-PyMe(2)SiH) proceeded well in the presence of a catalytic amount of RhCl(PPh(3))(3) with virtually complete regioselectivity. By taking advantage of the phase tag property of the 2-PyMe(2)Si group, hydrosilylation products were isolated in greater than 95% purity by simple acid-base extraction. Strategic catalyst recovery was also demonstrated. The hydrosilylation of alkynes using 2-PyMe(2)SiH proceeded with a Pt(CH(2)=CHSiMe(2))(2)O/P(t-Bu)(3) catalyst to give alkenyldimethyl(2-pyridyl)silanes in good yield with high regioselectivity. A reactivity comparison of 2-PyMe(2)SiH with other related hydrosilanes (3-PyMe(2)SiH, 4-PyMe(2)SiH, and PhMe(2)SiH) was also performed. In the rhodium-catalyzed reaction, the reactivity order of hydrosilane was 2-PyMe(2)SiH >> 3-PyMe(2)SiH, 4-PyMe(2)SiH, PhMe(2)SiH, indicating a huge rate acceleration with 2-PyMe(2)SiH. In the platinum-catalyzed reaction, the reactivity order of hydrosilane was PhMe(2)SiH, 3-PyMe(2)SiH >> 4-PyMe(2)SiH > 2-PyMe(2)SiH, indicating a rate deceleration with 2-PyMe(2)SiH and 4-PyMe(2)SiH. It seems that these reactivity differences stem primarily from the governance of two different mechanisms (Chalk-Harrod and modified Chalk-Harrod mechanisms). From the observed reactivity order, coordination and electronic effects of dimethyl(pyridyl)silanes have been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Itami K, Nokami T, Ishimura Y, Mitsudo K, Kamei T, Yoshida J. Diversity-oriented synthesis of multisubstituted olefins through the sequential integration of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. 2-pyridyldimethyl(vinyl)silane as a versatile platform for olefin synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:11577-85. [PMID: 11716711 DOI: 10.1021/ja016790+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the diversity-oriented synthesis of multisubstituted olefins, where 2-pyridyldimethyl(vinyl)silane functions as a versatile platform for olefin synthesis, is described. The palladium-catalyzed Heck-type coupling of 2-pyridyldimethyl(vinyl)silanes with organic iodides took place in the presence of Pd2(dba)3/tri-2-furylphosphine catalyst to give beta-substituted vinylsilanes in excellent yields. The Heck-type coupling occurred even with alpha- and beta-substituted 2-pyridyldimethyl(vinyl)silanes. The one-pot double Heck coupling of 2-pyridyldimethyl(vinyl)silane took place with two different aryl iodides to afford beta,beta-diarylated vinylsilanes in good yields. The palladium-catalyzed Hiyama-type coupling of 2-pyridyldimethyl(vinyl)silane with organic halides took place in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride to give di- and trisubstituted olefins in high yields. The sequential integration of Heck-type (or double Heck) coupling and Hiyama-type coupling produced the multisubstituted olefins in regioselective, stereoselective, and diversity-oriented fashions. Especially, the one-pot sequential Heck/Hiyama coupling reaction provides an extremely facile entry into a diverse range of stereodefined multisubstituted olefins. Mechanistic considerations of both Heck-type and Hiyama-type coupling reactions are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Itami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Itami K, Kamei T, Yoshida J. Unusually accelerated silylmethyl transfer from tin in stille coupling: implication of coordination-driven transmetalation. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:8773-9. [PMID: 11535082 DOI: 10.1021/ja0160593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 2-PyMe2SiCH2SnBu3 with aryl iodide (Ar-I) exclusively produced the 2-PyMe2SiCH2 transferred product 2-PyMe2SiCH2Ar. The relative transfer ability of organic group from tin was found to be 2-PyMe2SiCH2 >> Ph > Me > Bu >> PhMe2SiCH2, which implies the beneficial pyridyl-to-palladium coordination effect. Thus, the transfer of the silylmethyl group from tin to palladium was remarkably accelerated by simply appending the 2-pyridyl group on silicon. The pyridyl-to-palladium coordination was validated in the palladium(II) complex 2-PyMe2SiCH2PdClPPh3 by 1H NMR and X-ray crystal structure analysis. The cross-coupling product was used for further transformations. The C-Si oxidation of the cross-coupling product 2-PyMe2SiCH2Ar afforded ArCH2OH in high yield. The fluoride ion-catalyzed 1,2-addition of 2-PyMe2SiCH2Ar to carbonyl compound (RR'C=O) gave ArCH2C(OH)RR' in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Itami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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