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Asif MMA, Lisa SR, Qais N. Synthetic pathways to create asymmetric center at C1 position of 1-substituted-tetrahydro-β-carbolines - a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:29827-29847. [PMID: 39301229 PMCID: PMC11411349 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05961a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles or tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THβCs) are tricyclic compounds that are found in various natural sources that exhibit a wide range of important pharmacological activities. Chiral 1-substituted-THβCs, which have an asymmetric center at C1, have attained significant interest due to their possible Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity, benzodiazepine receptor binding activity, and antimalarial effectiveness against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. This review highlights and summarizes various novel stereoselective approaches to introduce chirality at the C1 position of 1-substituted-THβCs in good yield and enantiomeric excess (ee) or diastereomeric excess (de). These methods include the Pictet-Spengler reaction, chiral auxiliary, Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation (ATH) with chiral catalysts, asymmetric addition reaction, and enzymatic catalysis. The syntheses of chiral THβCs are reviewed comprehensively, emphasizing their role in drug development from 1977 to 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moaz Ahmed Asif
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Information Technology & Sciences Holding 190, Road 5, Block J, Baridhara, Maddha Nayanagar, Vatara Dhaka-1212 Bangladesh
| | - Susmita Roy Lisa
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13244 USA
| | - Nazmul Qais
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
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Advances in the Organocatalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Six‐Membered Unsaturated Heterocycles: Methodology and Application. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Senthilkumar S, Prasad SS, Kumar PS, Baskaran S. A diversity oriented one-pot synthesis of novel iminosugar C-glycosides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1549-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48370c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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4
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Andreassen T, Lorentzen M, Hansen LK, Gautun OR. The use of two optically active N-sulfinyl α-imino esters in the stereoselective aza-Diels–Alder reaction. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Caballero E, Figueroa J, Puebla P, Peláez R, Tomé F, Medarde M. Imino-Diels-Alder Reactions of 1-Aryl-3-(trialkylsiloxy)-1,3-butadienes in Solution and the Solid Phase. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Alvaro G, Di Fabio R, Gualandi A, Savoia D. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1-(2-Pyrrolyl)alkylamines by the Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Chiral 2-Pyrroleimines. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abdallah TA. Studies with enamines and azaenamines: Synthesis and reactivity of 3-dimethylamino-2-[(3-indolyl) carbonyl]propenonitrile. J Heterocycl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Golantsov NE, Karchava AV, Starikova ZA, Dolgushin FM, Yurovskaya MA. Chirally N-Substituted Indole-2-carbaldehydes. Preparation and Use in Asymmetric Synthesis. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-005-0315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ohsawa A, Itoh T, Miyazaki M, Nagata K, Nakamura S. Syntheses of 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-Octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine and Harmicine Using a Chiral 1-Allyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-b-carboline as the Starting Material. HETEROCYCLES 2004. [DOI: 10.3987/com-03-9968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Itoh T, Yokoya M, Miyauchi K, Nagata K, Ohsawa A. Proline-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition Reaction of 9-Tosyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carboline with Ketones. Org Lett 2003; 5:4301-4. [PMID: 14601985 DOI: 10.1021/ol030103x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] 9-Tosyl-3,4-dihydro-beta-carboline (1) reacted with a ketone in the presence of (S)-proline as a catalyst to give the corresponding addition product in good yield and high enantioselectivity. In the process, a small amount of water was found to affect the stereoselectivity of the products. The system was applied to reaction of compound 1 and 3-buten-2-one to give 3,4,6,7,12,12b-hexahydro-1H-indolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2-one, which is a versatile precursor for the synthesis of some indole alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Itoh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis is a challenge for chemists: How can we design catalysts to achieve the goal of forming optically active compounds? This review provides the reader with an overview of the development of catalytic asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of carbonyl compounds and imines. Since its discovery, the Diels-Alder reaction has undergone intensive development and is of fundamental importance for synthetic, physical, and theoretical chemists. The Diels-Alder reaction has been through different stages of development, and at the beginning of the 21st century catalytic Diels-Alder reactions are one of the main areas of focus. The preparation of numerous compounds of importance for our society is based on cycloaddition reactions to carbonyl compounds and imines. There are several parallels between the reactions of carbonyl compounds and those of imines, which, however, begin to vanish on entering the field of catalytic reactions. Why? From a mechanistic point of view some similarities can be drawn, but the synthetic development of catalytic enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of imines are several years behind those of the carbonyl compounds. For hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of carbonyl compounds there a number of different chiral catalysts, and great progress has been achieved in developing enantioselective reactions for unactivated and activated carbonyl compounds. In contrast the development of catalytic enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of imines is in its infancy and only few catalytic reactions have been published. This review will focus on the most important developments, and discuss the synthetic and mechanistic aspects of enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of carbonyl compounds catalyzed by chiral Lewis acids. For the hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of imines, the diastereoselective reactions of optically substrates catalyzed by Lewis acids will be presented first, followed by the catalytic enantioselective reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- KA Jørgensen
- Center for Metal Catalyzed Reactions Department of Chemistry Aarhus University 8000 Aarhus C (Denmark)
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Grigg R, MacLachlan WS, MacPherson DT, Sridharan V, Suganthan S, Thornton-Pett M, Zhang J. Pictet–Spengler/Palladium Catalyzed Allenylation and Carbonylation Processes. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Padwa A, Beall LS, Heidelbaugh TM, Liu B, Sheehan SM. A one-pot bicycloannulation method for the synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline systems. J Org Chem 2000; 65:2684-95. [PMID: 10808441 DOI: 10.1021/jo991742h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A highly effective method for the synthesis of the core indolo[2,3-alpha]quinolizidine skeleton found in yohimbine is described. The reaction of N-monosubstituted thioamides with bromoalkenoyl chlorides furnishes thioisomünchnones as transient 1,3-dipoles that undergo ready intramolecular cycloaddition across the tethered pi-bond to give thio-bicycloannulated products in a one-pot operation. The stereochemical outcome of the intramolecular reaction is the consequence of an endo cycloaddition of the neighboring pi-bond across the transient thioisomünchnone dipole. A major limitation of the method is that when a hydrogen is present in the alpha-position of the thioamide the initially formed thio-N-acyliminium ion undergoes proton loss to produce a S,N-ketene acetal at a faster rate than dipole formation. Treatment of tetrahydro-beta-carboline-1-thione with 2-bromooct-7-enoyl chloride followed by reductive removal of sulfur from the cycloadduct resulted in the formation of (+/-)-alloyohimbanone. Attempts to cycloadd the thioisomünchnone dipole across several nucleophilic pi-bonds failed, and instead, products derived from cyclization of the pi-bond onto the initially formed thio-N-acyliminium ion were formed. The resulting N,S-ketals were further converted into several tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Bailey PD, Cochrane PJ, Förster AH, Morgan KM, Pearson DP. Synthesis of polycyclic indolic structures. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Li JJ, Trivedi B, Rubin J, Roth BD. Installation of 12b-substituents onto indolo[2,3- a ]quinolizidin-2-ones and application to pentacyclic alkaloid synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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A short synthesis of (±)-alloyohimbane via a thioisomünchnone based intramolecular dipolar-cycloaddition reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kirschbaum S, Waldmann H. Three-Step Access to the Tricyclic Benzo[a]quinolizine Ring System. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo972035w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kirschbaum
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe Richard-Willstätter-Allee 2, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe Richard-Willstätter-Allee 2, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Construction of the tricyclic benzoquinolizine ring system by combination of a tandem Mannich-Michael reaction with a Heck reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lock R, Waldmann H. Enantioselective Construction of Highly Functionalized Indoloquinolizines—congeners to Polycyclic Indole Alkaloids. Chemistry 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sardina FJ, Rapoport H. Enantiospecific Synthesis of Heterocycles from alpha-Amino Acids. Chem Rev 1996; 96:1825-1872. [PMID: 11848813 DOI: 10.1021/cr9300348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Javier Sardina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Lock R, Waldmann H. Asymmetric synthesis of highly functionalized tetracyclic indole bases embodying the basic skeleton of yohimbine- and reserpine type alkaloids. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)00388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Weis R, di Vora U, Seebacher W, Schweiger K. Conversion of 6-phenylimino-2H-thiopyran-4-amines to 1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-pyridinones. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00807066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Waldmann H, Bläser E, Jansen M, Letschert HP. Asymmetric Control of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions with Azomethine Ylides by Means of Proline Esters as Chiral Auxiliary Groups. Chemistry 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19950010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Giri VS, Jaisankar P, Manna RK, Shoolery JN, Keifer P. Synthetic Studies in Indolo[2,3-a]quinolizidine System. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00581-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Takemoto Y, Ueda S, Takeuchi J, Nakamoto T, Iwata C. Diastereoselective [4 + 2] type cycloaddition of 1-azatriene iron-tricarbonyl complex: Asymmetric synthesis of a piperidien alkaloid. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)78507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lock R, Waldmann H. Construction of tetracyclic indole bases via Aza Diels-Alder reaction of indolylethylimines with Brassard's diene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.15619940511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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