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Leonhardt M, Sellmer A, Krämer OH, Dove S, Elz S, Kraus B, Beyer M, Mahboobi S. Design and biological evaluation of tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives as highly potent histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:329-357. [PMID: 29738953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Various diseases are related to epigenetic modifications. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyl transferases (HATs) determine the pattern of histone acetylation, and thus are involved in the regulation of gene expression. First generation histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are unselective, hinder all different kinds of zinc dependent HDACs and additionally cause several side effects. Subsequently, selective HDACi are gaining more and more interest. Especially, selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors (HDAC6i) are supposed to be less toxic. Here we present a successful optimization study of tubastatin A, the synthesis and biological evaluation of new inhibitors based on hydroxamic acids linked to various tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives. The potency of our selective HDAC6 inhibitors, exhibiting IC50 values in a range of 1-10 nM towards HDAC6, was evaluated with the help of a recombinant human HDAC6 enzyme assay. Selectivity was proofed in cellular assays by the hyperacetylation of surrogate parameter α-tubulin in the absence of acetylated histone H3 analyzed by Western Blot. We show that all synthesized compounds, with varies modifications of the rigid cap group, were selective and potent HDAC6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Leonhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Sellmer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Dove
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigurd Elz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Kraus
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Beyer
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siavosh Mahboobi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 868] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Christodoulou MS, Sacchetti A, Ronchetti V, Caufin S, Silvani A, Lesma G, Fontana G, Minicone F, Riva B, Ventura M, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Jarho E, Zuco V, Zunino F, Martinet N, Dapiaggi F, Pieraccini S, Sironi M, Dalla Via L, Gia OM, Passarella D. Quinazolinecarboline alkaloid evodiamine as scaffold for targeting topoisomerase I and sirtuins. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6920-8. [PMID: 24103429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of a series of evodiamine derivatives. We assayed the ability to inhibit cell growth on three human tumour cell lines (H460, MCF-7 and HepG2) and we evaluated the capacity to interfere with the catalytic activity of topoisomerase I both by the relaxation assay and the occurrence of the cleavable complex. Moreover, whose effect on sirtuins 1, 2 and 3 was investigated. Finally, molecular docking analyses were performed in an attempt to rationalize the biological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Christodoulou
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Shemchuk LA, Chernykh VP, Red’kin RG. Synthesis of acyl derivatives of L-tryptophan containing residues of anthranilic and oxalic acids. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428008050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Silveira CC, Bernardi CR, Braga AL, Kaufman TS. Thioorthoesters in the activated Pictet–Spengler cyclization. Synthesis of 1-thiosubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines and carboncarbon bond formation via sulfonyl iminium ions generated from N,S-sulfonyl acetals. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barbier M, Devys M. Synthesis of an acetyl-α-thio-β-carboline by thermolysis of dithio-2,2′-di(N′-acetyltryptamine). J Heterocycl Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570260148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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