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Aitken RA, Power LA, Slawin AMZ. New Chemistry of Chiral 1,3-Dioxolan-4-Ones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093845. [PMID: 37175260 PMCID: PMC10180285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(2S,5S)-5-Phenyl-2-t-butyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one, readily derived from mandelic acid, undergoes the Michael addition to butenolide and 4-methoxy-β-nitrostyrene with the absolute configuration of the products confirmed by X-ray diffraction in each case. In the former case, thermal fragmentation gives the phenyl ketone, thus illustrating use of the dioxolanone as a chiral benzoyl anion equivalent. The Diels-Alder cycloaddition chemistry of (2S)-5-methylene-2-t-butyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one, derived from lactic acid, has been further examined with the X-ray structures of four adducts determined. In one case, thermal fragmentation of the adduct gives a chiral epoxy ketone resulting from the dioxolanone acting as a chiral ketene equivalent, while in others the products give insight into the mechanism of the dioxolanone fragmentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alan Aitken
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Lynn A Power
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
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2
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Andler O, Kazmaier U. Stereoselective Synthesis of a Protected Side Chain of Meliponamycin A. Org Lett 2022; 24:2541-2545. [PMID: 35343704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Matteson homologation was found to be a versatile tool for the construction of the linear polyketide side chain of meliponamycin and related compounds in only four steps. The ester dienolate version of this reaction allowed the introduction of the unsaturated ester moiety in a highly stereoselective fashion. Boronate oxidation/deoxygenation and Sharpless dihydroxylation are additional key steps in the stereoselective construction of this highly functionalized tetrahydropyran ring system, which is characteristic of this substance class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Andler
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry I, Saarland University, Campus Building C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarland University, Campus Building C8.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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3
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Lam NYS, Stockdale TP, Anketell MJ, Paterson I. Conquering peaks and illuminating depths: developing stereocontrolled organic reactions to unlock nature's macrolide treasure trove. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3171-3189. [PMID: 33666631 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural complexity and biological importance of macrolide natural products has inspired the development of innovative strategies for their chemical synthesis. With their dense stereochemical content, high level of oxygenation and macrocyclic cores, we viewed the efficient total synthesis of these valuable compounds as an aspirational driver towards developing robust methods and strategies for their construction. Starting out from the initial development of our versatile asymmetric aldol methodology, this personal perspective reflects on an adventurous journey, with all its trials, tribulations and serendipitous discoveries, across the total synthesis, in our group, of a representative selection of six macrolide natural products of marine and terrestrial origin - swinholide A, spongistatin 1, spirastrellolide A, leiodermatolide, chivosazole F and actinoallolide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Y S Lam
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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4
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(S)-1-(Ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl(2R,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one-2-carboxylate. MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound was obtained in low yield in the condensation of ethyl pyruvate and lactic acid. Its structure is determined by NMR methods and x-ray diffraction and the mechanism for formation of this 1:2 adduct from the initial 1:1 adduct is considered.
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5
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Anketell MJ, Sharrock TM, Paterson I. Total synthesis of the actinoallolides and a designed photoaffinity probe for target identification. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8109-8118. [PMID: 33015697 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01831g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The actinoallolides are a family of polyketide natural products isolated from the bacterium Actinoallomurus fulvus. They show potent biological activity against trypanosomes, the causative agents of the neglected tropical diseases human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and Chagas disease, while exhibiting no cytotoxicity against human cell lines. Herein, we give a full account of our strategy evolution towards the synthesis of this structurally unique class of 12-membered macrolides, which culminated in the first total synthesis of (+)-actinoallolide A in 20 steps and 8% overall yield. Subsequent late-stage diversification then provided ready access to the congeneric (+)-actinoallolides B-E. Enabled by this flexible and efficient endgame sequence, we also describe the design and synthesis of a photoaffinity probe based on actinoallolide A to investigate its biological mode of action. This will allow ongoing labelling studies to identify their protein binding target(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Anketell
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Theodore M Sharrock
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ian Paterson
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, UK
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6
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7
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Anketell MJ, Sharrock TM, Paterson I. A Unified Total Synthesis of the Actinoallolides, a Family of Potent Anti‐Trypanosomal Macrolides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1572-1576. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Anketell
- University Chemical Laboratory University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Theodore M. Sharrock
- University Chemical Laboratory University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Ian Paterson
- University Chemical Laboratory University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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8
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Anketell MJ, Sharrock TM, Paterson I. A Unified Total Synthesis of the Actinoallolides, a Family of Potent Anti‐Trypanosomal Macrolides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Anketell
- University Chemical Laboratory University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Theodore M. Sharrock
- University Chemical Laboratory University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Ian Paterson
- University Chemical Laboratory University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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9
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Hsu DS, Huang JY. Total Synthesis and Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Parimycin. Org Lett 2019; 21:7665-7668. [PMID: 31512884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first total syntheses of (±)-parimycin and (R)-parimycin were accomplished from O-methylnaphthazarin (6) in nine synthetic steps. Intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction of 6 with diene 7, cyclodehydrogenation catalyzed by iodine-dimethyl sulfoxide, and sodium dithionite reduction were the key steps. The absolute configuration of natural parimycin was determined to be S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Day-Shin Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Chung Cheng University , Minhsiung 62102 , Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yi Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Chung Cheng University , Minhsiung 62102 , Taiwan
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10
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Shcherbinin VA, Konshin VV. Convenient synthesis of O-functionalized mandelic acids via Lewis acid mediated transformation of 1,3-dioxolan-4-ones. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Han XY, Liu H, Liu CH, Wu B, Zhong BH, Liu KL. Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Alkyl-α-Hydroxylphenylacetic Acid Part (I): Asymmetric Alkylation of (S)-Mandelic Acid. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/0308234043431339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An effective asymmetric synthesis of α-alkyl-α-hydroxyl phenyl acetic acid using benzaldehyde as steric hindrance agent has been accomplished by utilising the readily available and inexpensive chiral starting material, (S)-mandelic acid. The ee was determined by 1H NMR with Eu(hfc)3 as shift reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - He Liu
- No. 7 Department, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Chun-He Liu
- No. 7 Department, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- No. 7 Department, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Hua Zhong
- No. 7 Department, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Liang Liu
- No. 7 Department, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
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12
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Lagoutte R, Pastor M, Berthet M, Winssinger N. Rapid and scalable synthesis of chiral bromolactones as precursors to α-exo-methylene-γ-butyrolactone-containing sesquiterpene lactones. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Shcherbinin VA, Konshin VV. Lewis acid-mediated mono- and bis-addition of C -nucleophiles to 1,3-dioxolan-4-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Benzyl (R)-2-(Acetylthio)Propanoate: A Promising Sulfur Isoster of (R)-Lactic Acid and Ester Precursors. MOLBANK 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/m1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an accessible chiral pool synthesis of benzyl (R)-2-(acetylthio)propanoate (acetylthiolactate), which is less odorous than the methyl or ethyl analogue, was performed through a clean SN2 displacement reaction using available AcSK with tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)]ethylamine (TDA-1), starting from commercially available benzyl (S)-lactate in 76%, 94% ee (2 steps). Deprotection of the acetyl group using N,N-dimethylethylenediamine afforded benzyl (R)-2-sulfanylpropanoate in 93% yield with 90% ee. These two sulfur-containing benzyl esters were sufficiently odorless to be purified by column chromatography. Direct HPLC analysis was applied to determine the enantiomeric excess without thiazolidin-4-one derivatizations. A complementary debenzylation of benzyl (R)-2-(acetylthio)propanoate was also performed using HBr/AcOH to afford (R)-2-(acetylthio)propanoic acid without critical racemization in 92% yield with 92% ee.
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15
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Sasaki R, Tanabe Y. Chiral syntheses of methyl (R)-2-Sulfanylcarboxylic esters and acids with optical purity determination using HPLC. Chirality 2018; 30:816-827. [PMID: 29659053 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accessible chiral syntheses of 3 types of (R)-2-sulfanylcarboxylic esters and acids were performed: (R)-2-sulfanylpropanoic (thiolactic) ester (53%, 98%ee) and acid (39%, 96%ee), (R)-2-sulfanylsucciinic diester (59%, 96%ee), and (R)-2-mandelic ester (78%, 90%ee) and acid (59%, 96%ee). The present practical and robust method involves (i) clean SN 2 displacement of methanesulfonates of (S)-2-hydroxyesters by using commercially available AcSK with tris(2-[2-methoxyethoxy])ethylamine and (ii) sufficiently mild deacetylation. The optical purity was determined by the corresponding (2R,5R)-trans-thiazolidin-4-one and (2S,5R)-cis-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives based on accurate high-performance liquid chromatography analysis with high-resolution efficiency. Compared with the reported method utilizing AcSCs (generated from AcSH and CsCO3 ), the present method has several advantages, that is, the use of odorless AcCOSK reagent, reasonable reaction velocity, isolation procedure, and accurate, reliable optical purity determination. The use of accessible AcSK has advantages because of easy-to-handle odorless and hygroscopic solid that can be used in a bench-top procedure. The Ti(OiPr)4 catalyst promoted smooth trans-cyclo-condensation to afford (2R,5R)-trans-thiazolidin-4-one formation of (R)-2-sulfanylcarboxylic esters with available N-(benzylidene)methylamine under neutral conditions without any racemization, whereas (2S,5R)-cis-thiazollidin-4-ones were obtained via cis-cyclo-condensation and no catalysts. Direct high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of methyl (R)-mandelate was also performed; however, the resolution efficiency was inferior to that of the thaizolidin-4-one derivatizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Yoo Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
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16
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Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. Synthetic studies of viridiofungins, broad-spectrum antifungal agents and serine palmitoyl transferase inhibitors. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:ja2017110. [PMID: 28951603 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Viridiofungins are alkyl citrate natural products characterized by their inhibitory effects on squalene synthase and serine palmitoyl transferase. Their activities as broad-spectrum antifungal agents as well as blocking agents for the biosynthesis of sphingolipids have inspired the development of several approaches toward their stereoselective total synthesis. Structurally, these natural products are a family of hybrid molecules comprising a longer alkyl chain and a citric acid unit, rendering an asymmetric structure that is difficult to access. Herein, we summarize the synthetic approaches to this attractive class of natural products, including proficient synthetic strategies for constructing the densely and chirally functionalized citric acid unit with high polarity. Particular emphasis is placed on methods for furnishing stereogenic centers in the highly constrained carbon framework.The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, 27 September 2017; doi:10.1038/ja.2017.110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kumagai
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Pérard-Viret J, Quteishat L, Alsalim R, Royer J, Dumas F. Cephalotaxus Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2017; 78:205-352. [PMID: 28838429 PMCID: PMC7110560 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cephalotaxus alkaloids represent a family of plant secondary metabolites known for 60 years. Significant activity against leukemia in mice was demonstrated for extracts of Cephalotaxus. Cephalotaxine (CET) (1), the major alkaloid of this series was isolated from Cephalotaxus drupacea species by Paudler in 1963. The subsequent discovery of promising antitumor activity among new Cephalotaxus derivatives reported by Chinese, Japanese, and American teams triggered extensive structure elucidation and biological studies in this family. The structural feature of this cephalotaxane family relies mainly on its tetracyclic alkaloid backbone, which comprises an azaspiranic 1-azaspiro[4.4]nonane unit (rings C and D) and a benzazepine ring system (rings A and B), which is linked by its C3 alcohol function to a chiral oxygenated side chain by a carboxylic function alpha to a tetrasubstituted carbon center. The botanical distribution of these alkaloids is limited to the Cephalotaxus genus (Cephalotaxaceae). The scope of biological activities of the Cephalotaxus alkaloids is mainly centered on the antileukemic activity of homoharringtonine (HHT) (2), which in particular demonstrated marked benefits in the treatment of orphan myeloid leukemia and was approved as soon as 2009 by European Medicine Agency and by US Food and Drug Administration in 2012. Its exact mechanism of action was partly elucidated and it was early recognized that HHT (2) inhibited protein synthesis at the level of the ribosome machinery. Interestingly, after a latency period of two decades, the topic of Cephalotaxus alkaloids reemerged as a prolific source of new natural structures. To date, more than 70 compounds have been identified and characterized. Synthetic studies also regained attention during the past two decades, and numerous methodologies were developed to access the first semisynthetic HHT (2) of high purity suitable for clinical studies, and then high grade enantiomerically pure CET (1), HHT (2), and analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Pérard-Viret
- Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laith Quteishat
- Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rana Alsalim
- Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jacques Royer
- Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Dumas
- Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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19
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Kumar B, Negi YS. Synthesis and characterization of poly(potassium 1-hydroxy acrylate) and its derivatives by using different efficient catalysts. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Sun JH, O’Boyle II DR, Fridell RA, Langley DR, Wang C, Roberts SB, Nower P, Johnson BM, Moulin F, Nophsker MJ, Wang YK, Liu M, Rigat K, Tu Y, Hewawasam P, Kadow J, Meanwell NA, Cockett M, Lemm JA, Kramer M, Belema M, Gao M. Resensitizing daclatasvir-resistant hepatitis C variants by allosteric modulation of NS5A. Nature 2015; 527:245-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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An efficient synthetic approach towards fully functionalized tetronic acids: the use of 1,3-dioxolane-2,4-diones as novel protected-activated synthons of α-hydroxy acids. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Practical synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3-dioxolane-4-ones and highly diastereoselective cis-2,5-disubstituted 1,3-dioxolane-4-ones from α-hydroxy acids catalyzed by N-triflylphosphoramide. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Madsen JLH, Johnstone TC, Nolan EM. Chemical Synthesis of Staphyloferrin B Affords Insight into the Molecular Structure, Iron Chelation, and Biological Activity of a Polycarboxylate Siderophore Deployed by the Human Pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9117-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. H. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy C. Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Lam T, Totah NI. Studies toward the synthesis of spirastrellolide A. Preparation of a C31–C47 model. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Pantin M, Zon D, Vomiandry R, Foulgoc L, Sissouma D, Guingant A, Collet S. Total synthesis of (±)-γ-indomycinone. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Sun M, Jia X, Lai Y, Yang H. A Concise and Scalable Formal Synthesis of the Enantiopure Side-Chain Diester of Homoharringtonine. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14189228913336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The enantiopure side-chain diester of homoharringtonine (HHT) has been prepared in 38% overall yield, from cheap L-aspartic acid by a linear sequence of 10 chemical operations (mean yield per step: 91%). The experimental operation in each step is convenient, economic and prone to scale up. About 7–10 g of the side-chain diester of HHT is easily prepared within one week from 5 g of L-aspartic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yaowen Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
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27
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Guerrini A, Tesei A, Ferroni C, Paganelli G, Zamagni A, Carloni S, Di Donato M, Castoria G, Leonetti C, Porru M, De Cesare M, Zaffaroni N, Beretta GL, Del Rio A, Varchi G. A New Avenue toward Androgen Receptor Pan-antagonists: C2 Sterically Hindered Substitution of Hydroxy-propanamides. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7263-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5005122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guerrini
- Institute
for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- I.R.S.T., Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la cura dei Tumori, Via P. Maroncelli, 40, 47014 Meldola, Forlì, Italy
| | - Claudia Ferroni
- Institute
for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Paganelli
- I.R.S.T., Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la cura dei Tumori, Via P. Maroncelli, 40, 47014 Meldola, Forlì, Italy
| | - Alice Zamagni
- I.R.S.T., Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la cura dei Tumori, Via P. Maroncelli, 40, 47014 Meldola, Forlì, Italy
| | - Silvia Carloni
- I.R.S.T., Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la cura dei Tumori, Via P. Maroncelli, 40, 47014 Meldola, Forlì, Italy
| | - Marzia Di Donato
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Leonetti
- Experimental
Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via
delle Messi d’Oro, 156, 00158 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Porru
- Experimental
Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via
delle Messi d’Oro, 156, 00158 Rome, Italy
| | - Michelandrea De Cesare
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Via Amadeo, 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Via Amadeo, 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Beretta
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Via Amadeo, 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Del Rio
- Institute
for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Greta Varchi
- Institute
for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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28
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Labarre-Lainé J, Periñan I, Desvergnes V, Landais Y. Synthesis of the C10-C24-bis-spiroacetal core of 13-desmethyl spirolide C based on a sila-Stetter-acetalization process. Chemistry 2014; 20:9336-41. [PMID: 24925107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the bis-spiroacetal core of 13-desmethyl spirolide C has been completed based on a sila-Stetter-acetalization process. The acylsilane and enone partners in the Stetter reaction were prepared in 7 and 11 steps, respectively, from (S) and (R)-aspartic acid. The quaternary center at C19 in the enone moiety was controlled by relying on the Seebach's chiral self-reproduction method using an enantiopure (S)-lactic acid based dioxolanone. The final acid-catalyzed spiroacetalization provided the desired spiroacetal as a mixture of diastereoisomers in 13 linear steps. Whatever the conditions used, the non-natural transoid isomer was formed preferentially. However, both cisoid and transoid isomers were isolated pure and their structure assigned unambiguously through NMR spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Labarre-Lainé
- University of Bordeaux, 351, Cours de la libération, 33405 Talence Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 5-40-00-62-86
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29
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An F, Paul S, Ammer J, Ofial AR, Mayer P, Lakhdar S, Mayr H. Structures and Reactivities of Iminium Ions Derived from Substituted Cinnamaldehydes and Various Chiral Imidazolidin-4-ones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Mahajan A, Hans R, Chibale K, Kumar V. Synthesis and medicinal chemistry of selected antitubercular natural products and natural product derivatives. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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Rizzacasa MA, Sturgess D. Total synthesis of alkyl citrate natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1367-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Lu L, Zhang W, Nam S, Horne DA, Jove R, Carter RG. Amphidinolide B: total synthesis, structural investigation, and biological evaluation. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2213-47. [PMID: 23406192 PMCID: PMC3631602 DOI: 10.1021/jo3026077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The total syntheses of amphidinolide B1 and the proposed structure of amphidinolide B2 have been accomplished. Key aspects of this work include the development of a practical, non-transition-metal-mediated method for the construction of the C13-C15 diene, the identification of α-chelation and dipole minimization models for diastereoselective methyl ketone aldol reactions, the discovery of a spontaneous Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons macrocyclization strategy, and the development of a novel late stage method for construction of an allylic epoxide moiety. The originally proposed structure for amphidinolide B2 and diastereomers thereof display potent antitumor activities with IC50 values ranging from 3.3 to 94.5 nM against human solid and blood tumor cells. Of the different stereoisomers, the proposed structure of amphidinolide B2 is over 12-fold more potent than the C8,9-epimer and C18-epimer in human DU145 prostate cancer cells. These data suggest that the epoxide stereochemistry is a significant factor for anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David A. Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Richard Jove
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rich G. Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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33
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Zhang X, Liu J, Sun X, Du Y. An efficient cis-reduction of alkyne to alkene in the presence of a vinyl iodide: stereoselective synthesis of the C22–C31 fragment of leiodolide A. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Dungan VJ, Mueller-Bunz H, Rutledge PJ. (2S,4S)-3-Benzoyl-4-benzyl-2-tert-but-yl-1,3-oxazolidin-5-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o2747. [PMID: 22969630 PMCID: PMC3435759 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812035556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(21)H(23)NO(3), the central oxazolidinone ring is approximately planar, the maximum deviation from the plane through the central ring being 0.043 (1) Å. The tert-butyl and benzyl substituents are cis to each other and trans to the N-benzoyl group. The inter-planar angle between the aromatic rings of the C-benzyl and N-benzoyl groups is 81.10 (4)°.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helge Mueller-Bunz
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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35
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Burghart-Stoll H, Brückner R. Total Syntheses of the Gregatins A-D and Aspertetronin A: Structure Revisions of These Compounds and of Aspertetronin B, Together with Plausible Structure Revisions of Gregatin E, Cyclogregatin, Graminin A, the Penicilliols A and B, and the Huaspenones A. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Abazi S, Rapado LP, Renaud P. Diastereoselective radical mediated alkylation of a chiral glycolic acid derivative. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5773-7. [PMID: 21720649 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radical alkylation of 2-(tert-butyl)-2-methyldioxolan-4-one, a chiral equivalent of glycolic acid, occurs with good to high diastereoselectivity that compares favorably with the corresponding enolate alkylation. The importance of the position of the transition state position, early or late, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokol Abazi
- Universität Bern, Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Bern, Switzerland
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37
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Clayden J, MacLellan P. Asymmetric synthesis of tertiary thiols and thioethers. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:582-95. [PMID: 21647256 PMCID: PMC3107483 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantiomerically pure tertiary thiols provide a major synthetic challenge, and despite the importance of chiral sulfur-containing compounds in biological and medicinal chemistry, surprisingly few effective methods are suitable for the asymmetric synthesis of tertiary thiols. This review details the most practical of the methods available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul MacLellan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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38
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Blay G, Fernández I, Monje B, Montesinos-Magraner M, Pedro JR. (S)-Mandelic acid enolate as a chiral benzoyl anion equivalent for the enantioselective synthesis of non-symmetrically substituted benzoins. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Harned AM, Volp KA. The sorbicillinoid family of natural products: Isolation, biosynthesis, and synthetic studies. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1790-810. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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40
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Larivée A, Unger JB, Thomas M, Wirtz C, Dubost C, Handa S, Fürstner A. The Leiodolide B Puzzle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:304-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Larivée
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
| | - John B. Unger
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
| | - Mikaël Thomas
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
| | - Christophe Dubost
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
| | - Shinya Handa
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
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41
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Larivée A, Unger JB, Thomas M, Wirtz C, Dubost C, Handa S, Fürstner A. The Leiodolide B Puzzle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Larivée
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
| | - John B. Unger
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
| | - Mikaël Thomas
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
| | - Christophe Dubost
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
| | - Shinya Handa
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2994
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42
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Strijtveen B, Kellogg RM. Evidence for α-lactone formation in the thioacetylation of some α-hydroxy acids with the aid of Mitsunobu
-type reagent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19871061006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Moorlag H, de Vries JG, Kaptein B, Schoemaker HE, Kamphuis J, Kellogg RM. Palladium-catalyzed allylation of α-hydroxy acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19921110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Chinta SP, Goller S, Lux J, Funke S, Uhl G, Schulz S. The sex pheromone of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2033-6. [PMID: 20155770 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satya P Chinta
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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45
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46
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Misaki T, Takimoto G, Sugimura T. Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of 5H-Oxazol-4-ones with Aldehydes Catalyzed by Chiral Guanidines. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6286-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101216x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Misaki
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Gouta Takimoto
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugimura
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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47
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Hale KJ, Manaviazar S, George J. Total synthesis of (+)-A83586C, (+)-kettapeptin and (+)-azinothricin: powerful new inhibitors of beta-catenin/TCF4- and E2F-mediated gene transcription. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4021-42. [PMID: 20405066 DOI: 10.1039/c000603c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe our asymmetric total syntheses of (+)-A83586C, (+)-kettapeptin and (+)-azinothricin. We also demonstrate that molecules of this class powerfully inhibit beta-catenin/TCF4- and E2F-mediated gene transcription within malignant human colon cancer cells at low drug concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Hale
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and the Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen 's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK BT9 5AG.
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48
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Chinta S, Goller S, Lux J, Funke S, Uhl G, Schulz S. Das Sexualpheromon der Wespenspinne Argiope bruennichi. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Trygstad TM, Pang Y, Forsyth CJ. Versatile synthesis of the C3-C14 domain of 7-deoxyokadaic acid. J Org Chem 2009; 74:910-3. [PMID: 19072579 DOI: 10.1021/jo8017457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Described is a flexible synthesis of the C3-C14 domain of 7-deoxyokadaic acid that is amenable to facile structural diversification. Treatment of ynone 10 under acidic conditions led to net bis-conjugate addition of the latent diol to give the thermodynamically favored spiroketal 27, a versatile intermediate, en route to 7-deoxyokadaic acid and analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Trygstad
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, The College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, Minnesota 55811, USA
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50
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Nicolaou K, Chen J, Edmonds D, Estrada A. Fortschritte in der Chemie und Biologie natürlicher Antibiotika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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