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Dennis DG, Okumura M, Sarlah D. Synthesis of (±)-Idarubicinone via Global Functionalization of Tetracene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10193-10198. [PMID: 31244190 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are archetypal representatives of the tetracyclic type II polyketide natural products that are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. Although the synthesis of this class of compounds has been a subject of several investigations, all known approaches are based on annulations, relying on the union of properly prefunctionalized building blocks. Herein, we describe a conceptually different approach using a polynuclear arene as a starting template, ideally requiring only functional decorations to reach the desired target molecule. Specifically, tetracene was converted to (±)-idarubicinone, the aglycone of the FDA approved anthracycline idarubicin, through the judicious orchestration of Co- and Ru-catalyzed arene oxidation and arenophile-mediated dearomative hydroboration. Such a global functionalization strategy, the combination of site-selective arene and dearomative functionalization, provided the key anthracycline framework in five operations and enabled rapid and controlled access to (±)-idarubicinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Dennis
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Mikiko Okumura
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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2
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Diaz-Muñoz G, Miranda IL, Sartori SK, de Rezende DC, Diaz MA. Anthraquinones: An Overview. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64056-7.00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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3
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Kitamura K, Ando Y, Matsumoto T, Suzuki K. Total Synthesis of Aryl C-Glycoside Natural Products: Strategies and Tactics. Chem Rev 2017; 118:1495-1598. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kitamura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ando
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- School
of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1
Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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4
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Christmann M, Hu J, Kitamura M, Stoltz B. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(15)00744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Bannwitz S, Krane D, Vortherms S, Kalin T, Lindenschmidt C, Zahedi Golpayegani N, Tentrop J, Prinz H, Müller K. Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of Lapacho Analogues. 2. Modification of the Basic Naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione, Redox Activation, and Suppression of Human Keratinocyte Hyperproliferation by 8-Hydroxynaphtho[2,3-b]thiophene-4,9-diones. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6226-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500754d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bannwitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Krane
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Silke Vortherms
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Kalin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cathrin Lindenschmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nader Zahedi Golpayegani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Tentrop
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helge Prinz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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6
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Zhao LM, Ma FY, Jin HS, Ma J, Wang H, Fu CZ. Facile Installation of a Hydroxyalkyl Group into Hydroxyanthraquinones and Aminoanthraquinones through the Modified Marschalk Reaction. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(13)01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(11)00770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(10)01735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Jin HS, Zhao LM. A contribution to the study of the modified Marschalk reaction: Hydroxymethylation of 6,8-O-dimethyl emodin. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Biswas T, Biswas T, Chattopadhyay SK. Synthesis of chiral oxa- and azacycle-fused anthraquinone derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Bugarin A, Connell BT. Chiral Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) NCN-Pincer Complexes Based on Substituted Benzene: Synthesis, Structure, and Lewis Acidity. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8004367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
| | - Brian T. Connell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012
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13
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(08)00897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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15
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Sokolyuk NT, Romanov VV, Pisulina LP. Naphthacenequinones: synthesis and properties. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1993v062n11abeh000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(07)01371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(07)00834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Gaddam V, Nagarajan R. A New Entry to Polycyclic Indole Derivatives via Intramolecular Imino Diels−Alder Reaction: Observation of Unexpected Reaction. J Org Chem 2007; 72:3573-6. [PMID: 17408284 DOI: 10.1021/jo062321k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new, efficient, and highly diastereoselective synthesis of polycyclic indole derivatives through intramolecular imino Diels-Alder reaction of aminoanthraquinone with N-prenylated indole-2-carboxaldehydes in the presence of 20 mol % of triphenylphosphonium perchlorate (TPPP) is reported with extremely high cis selectivity in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Gaddam
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University (P.O.), Hyderabad 500046, India
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19
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(07)00205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Sarma MD, Ghosh R, Patra A, Chowdhury R, Chaudhuri K, Hazra B. Novel glycoconjugates of diospyrin, a quinonoid plant product: synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxicity against human malignant melanoma (A375) and laryngeal carcinoma (Hep2). Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:3115-25. [PMID: 17878970 DOI: 10.1039/b707851j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycoside derivatives of diospyrin (1) were synthesized for the first time, and the cytotoxicity of the novel compounds vis-à-vis their precursors were evaluated against two human cancer cell lines, viz. malignant melanoma (A375) and laryngeal carcinoma (Hep2). The IC(50) values were in the low micromolar range for all the compounds tested, and A375 cells showed comparatively greater sensitivity than Hep2. Most of the compounds exhibited enhanced activity as compared to the plant-derived quinonoid precursor of the series (1), while the aminophenyl mannosyl (6) was found to be the most effective derivative. In A375 cells, 6 (IC(50) = 0.02 microM) showed the maximum increase in cytotoxicity (approximately 35-fold) over that of 1 (IC(50) = 0.82 microM). Again, when the glycosides were evaluated at a given concentration (0.1 microM) for their relative capacity to generate ROS from A375 cells, the compound 6 could produce the highest amount of ROS. Incidentally, this derivative also showed a comparatively lower toxicity (IC(50) approximately 41 microM) when tested against normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating a fair prospect of its development as a novel chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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21
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Lectka T, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(06)01801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Rho YS, Park J, Kim G, Kim H, Sin H, Suh PW, Yoo DJ. Facile Total Syntheses of Idarubicinone‐7‐β‐D‐glucuronide: Convenient Preparations of AB‐Ring Synthon Using Some Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young S. Rho
- a Department of Chemistry , Chonbuk National University , Chonju, Korea
| | - Jihyung Park
- a Department of Chemistry , Chonbuk National University , Chonju, Korea
| | - Gyuil Kim
- a Department of Chemistry , Chonbuk National University , Chonju, Korea
| | - Hyesun Kim
- a Department of Chemistry , Chonbuk National University , Chonju, Korea
| | - Hongsig Sin
- a Department of Chemistry , Chonbuk National University , Chonju, Korea
| | - Pyoung Won Suh
- a Department of Chemistry , Chonbuk National University , Chonju, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- b Department of Chemistry , Seonam University , Namwon, 590‐711, Korea
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23
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Achmatowicz O, Szechner B, Maurin JK. Synthesis of Methyl 2,3,6-Trideoxy-4-C-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-α-l-threo-hex-2-enopyranoside. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309808002326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Achmatowicz
- a Pharmaceutical Research Institute , 8 Rydygiera Str., 01-793, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Barbara Szechner
- a Pharmaceutical Research Institute , 8 Rydygiera Str., 01-793, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jan K. Maurin
- b Institute of Atomic Energy , 05-400, Otwock-Swierk, Poland
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24
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Lectka T, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(06)00771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Waser M, Falk H. Condensed Emodin Derivatives and Their Applicability for the Synthesis of a Fused Heterocyclic Hypericin Derivative. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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An efficient regioselective synthesis of endocrocin and structural related natural anthraquinones starting from emodin. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Szechner B, Achmatowicz O, Maurin JK. A stereoselective synthesis of a chiral anthracyclinone AB-synthon from a carbohydrate precursor. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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de Koning CB, Manzini SS, Michael JP, Mmutlane EM, Tshabidi TR, van Otterlo WA. Base- and light-assisted synthesis of anthracenes from 3-allylnaphthalene-2-carbaldehydes. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Gómez-Contreras F, M. Sanz A, Carmen Cano M, Pardo M, Campayo L, Jiménez R, J. R. Yunta M. Functionalization of the Ring A in Some Benzo[g]pyridazino[1,2-b]- phthalazine-6,13-dione Derivatives Related to Anthracyclinones. HETEROCYCLES 2004. [DOI: 10.3987/com-04-10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Chattopadhyay SK, Pal BK, Maity S. Combined Multiple Claisen Rearrangement and Ring-closing Metathesis as a Route to Naphthalene, Anthracene, and Anthracycline Ring Systems. CHEM LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2003.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Rodríguez D, Castedo L, Domínguez D, Saá C. Synthesis of the tetracyclic core of anthracycline antibiotics by an intramolecular dehydro Diels-Alder approach. Org Lett 2003; 5:3119-21. [PMID: 12916996 DOI: 10.1021/ol035168e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A conceptually new approach to the tetracyclic core of the anthracycline antibiotics is reported. With use of this approach, the 7,8,9,10-tetrahydronaphthacene-5,12-dione skeleton has been synthesized in three steps, from commercially available reagents, in yields of up to 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Unidade Asociada ó CSIC, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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32
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Van De Water RW, Pettus TR. o-Quinone methides: intermediates underdeveloped and underutilized in organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Sekine A, Ohshima T, Shibasaki M. An enantioselective formal synthesis of 4-demethoxydaunomycin using the catalytic asymmetric ring opening reaction of meso-epoxide with p-anisidine. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Shabany H, Abel E, Evans JP, McRobbie IM, Gokel GW. Alcohol oxidation and aldol condensation during base-catalyzed reaction of primary alcohols with 1-chloroanthraquinone. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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An efficient synthesis of peri-hydroxy aromatic compounds via a strong-base-induced. J Org Chem 2000; 65:89-95. [PMID: 10813900 DOI: 10.1021/jo990649q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of peri-hydroxy aromatic compounds has been accomplished via a strong-base-induced [4+2] cycloaddition of homophthalic anhydrides with alpha-sulfinyl-substituted derivatives of enolizable enones. The unsubstituted enones did not undergo an efficient [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with homophthalic anhydrides, presumably due to their enolization under the basic reaction conditions. The sulfinyl group not only promotes the cycloaddition reaction but also undergoes in situ elimination under the reaction conditions to afford the peri-hydroxy aromatic compounds in a single step. The application of this methodology for the synthesis of a key intermediate of antitumor antibiotic fredericamycin A is described. PM3 calculations of various 2-substituted cyclopentenones as well as the mechanism of the cycloaddition are also discussed.
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Müller K, Prinz H. Antipsoriatic anthrones with modulated redox properties. 4. Synthesis and biological activity of novel 9,10-dihydro-1,8-dihydroxy-9-oxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic and -hydroxamic acids. J Med Chem 1997; 40:2780-7. [PMID: 9276024 DOI: 10.1021/jm9701785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of carboxylic and hydroxamic acids based on 1,8-dihydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenone were synthesized from 8-hydroxy-1-methoxy-9,10-anthracenedione as the key intermediate and evaluated both in the bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) assay and in the HaCaT keratinocyte proliferation assay for their enzyme inhibitory and antiproliferative activity, respectively. The most potent inhibitors in both assays were the N-methylated hydroxamic acids 5d-8d with straight chain alkyl spacers. Incorporation of these structural features on the anthracenone pharmacophore resulted in increased inhibitory activity against 5-LO while the antiproliferative activity was retained. In addition, prooxidant properties as measured by deoxyribose degradation and cytotoxicity as assessed by LDH release were largely reduced as compared with the antipsoriatic anthralin. Contrary to anthralin, antioxidant properties were observed as documented by the reactivity of the novel compounds against free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in model membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Müller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
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40
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Polycyclic Hydroxyquinones. Part 29. Regioselective Reactions of 5-sulphur-substituted furan-2(5H)-one anions with naphthoquinone monoketals. Application to the synthesis of anthracyclinone precursors. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(96)01100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Angucyclines: Total syntheses, new structures, and biosynthetic studies of an emerging new class of antibiotics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0119236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Banfi L, Guanti G, Riva R. Enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of the AB ring system of aklavinone by coupling a chemoenzymatic procedure with organometal chemistry. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Abstract
The synthesis of 2-substituted anthracenonyl acetic acid (2-AA) derivatives is described. The key step is the Marschalk reaction of 1-hydroxy-8-methoxy-anthracenedione with glycolic acid. After protection of the resulting 2-anthracenonyl acetic acid derivative, the 2-monoalkylated derivatives are selectively obtained by direct alkylation. The methodology proves quite general and allows for the introduction of various substituents onto the 2-position of the carboxylic side chain. Reduction of the anthracenediones proceeds with concomitant protecting group removal and provides final 2-AA products in good yields. The results of initial biological studies demonstrate enhanced 5-lipoxygenase inhibition compared to anthralin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Prinz
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Universität Regenburg, Germany
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Prinz H, Wiegrebe W, Müller K. Syntheses of Anthracenones. 1. Sodium Dithionite Reduction of peri-Substituted Anthracenediones. J Org Chem 1996; 61:2853-2856. [PMID: 11667122 DOI: 10.1021/jo9520351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of peri-substituted anthracenediones with sodium dithionite in dimethylformamide and water has been investigated. The system selectively reduces the carbonyl group flanked by the peri substituents of the anthracenediones to give the corresponding 4,5-disubstituted 9(10H)-anthracenones and thus provides a route to anthracenones which are otherwise difficult to obtain. Many functional groups can be tolerated, the reaction is compatible with the presence of peri alkoxy groups and unsaturated side chains of the starting anthracenediones, and the reduction does not go beyond the anthracenone stage. However, the formation of anthracenones depends on the nature of the peri substituents. No products were obtained from the 1,8-dimethyl-substituted anthracenedione and the parent compound with no substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Prinz
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie I, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Alguacil R, Fariña F, Martin MV, Paredes MC. 6-Ethylsulfonyl-3-phenylfuro[3,4-d]isoxazole-4(6H)-one: A useful synthon for preparation of heteroanthracyclinone analogues. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/00404-0399(50)1338-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cameron DW, Griffiths PG, Leung BK, Vanderwal MJ. Alkylation of 1,4,5-trihydroxyanthraquinone involving nitroalkanes. Syntheses of digitopurpone and (+/−)-10-deoxy-γ-rhodomycinone. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)00455-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dienes Z, Vogel P. Synthesis of (−)-6-(3′-aminopropyloxy)methyl-4-demethoxy-6, 7-dideoxy-daunomycinone, a new dna intercalator related to anthracyclines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00070-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Asymmetric catalysis of the glyoxylate-ene reaction and related reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5156(06)80008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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49
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Carreño M, García Ruano JL, Urbano A. Control of the ring selectivity in Diels-Alder reactions of naphthazarins mediated by sulfur functions. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Okita T, Isobe M. Synthesis of the pentacyclic intermediate for dynemicin a and unusual formation of spiro-oxindole ring. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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