1
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Wang Y, Lin Y, He S, Wu S, Yang C. Singlet oxygen: Properties, generation, detection, and environmental applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132538. [PMID: 37734310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is molecular oxygen in the excited state with high energy and electrophilic properties. It is widely found in nature, and its important role is gradually extending from chemical syntheses and medical techniques to environmental remediation. However, there exist ambiguities and controversies regarding detection methods, generation pathways, and reaction mechanisms which have hindered the understanding and applications of 1O2. For example, the inaccurate detection of 1O2 has led to an overestimation of its role in pollutant degradation. The difficulty in detecting multiple intermediate species obscures the mechanism of 1O2 production. The applications of 1O2 in environmental remediation have also not been comprehensively commented on. To fill these knowledge gaps, this paper systematically discussed the properties and generation of 1O2, reviewed the state-of-the-art detection methods for 1O2 and long-standing controversies in the catalytic systems. Future opportunities and challenges were also discussed regarding the applications of 1O2 in the degradation of pollutants dissolved in water and volatilized in the atmosphere, the disinfection of drinking water, the gas/solid sterilization, and the self-cleaning of filter membranes. This review is expected to provide a better understanding of 1O2-based advanced oxidation processes and practical applications in the environmental protection of 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Shanying He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China.
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330063, China.
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2
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Legendre SAM, Sumby CJ, Karton A, Greatrex BW. Desymmetrization and Kinetic Resolution of Endoperoxides Using a Bifunctional Organocatalyst. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11444-11449. [PMID: 37552803 PMCID: PMC10443531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional thiourea/amine organocatalysts have been used for the desymmetrization of meso-endoperoxides using the Kornblum-DeLaMare reaction, giving 4-hydroxyketones in 78-98% yields with ≤98:2 enantioselectivity. The influence of the catalyst structure, solvent, and temperature was examined. The most promising catalyst was applied to the kinetic resolution of racemic endoperoxides to give enantioenriched materials (≤99:1 er).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Sumby
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School
of Science and Technology, University of
New England, Armidale 2351, Australia
| | - Ben W. Greatrex
- Faculty
of Medicine and Health, University of New
England, Armidale 2351, Australia
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3
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Lim SH, Kim MJ, Wee KR, Lim DH, Kim YI, Cho DW. Silyl Tether-Assisted Photooxygenation of Electron-Deficient Enaminoesters: Direct Access to Oxamate Formation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:172-188. [PMID: 36516444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photooxygenation reactions of electron-deficient enaminoesters bearing an oxophilic silyl tether at the α-position of the nitrogen atom using methylene blue (MB) were explored to develop a mild and efficient photochemical strategy for oxidative C-C double bond cleavage reactions via singlet oxygen (1O2). Photochemically generated 1O2, through energy transfer from the triplet excited state of MB (3MB*) to molecular oxygen (3O2), was added across a C-C double bond moiety of enaminoesters to form perepoxides, which rearranged to form dioxetane intermediates. The cycloreversion of the formed dioxetane via both C-C and O-O bond cleavage processes led to the formation of oxamates. Importantly, contrary to alkyl group tether-substituted electron-deficient enaminoesters that typically disfavor photooxygenation, the silyl tether-substituted analogues undergo this photochemical transformation efficiently with the assistance of a silyl tether, which facilitates formation of the perepoxide. The observations in this study provide useful information about photosensitized oxygenation reactions of unsaturated C-C bonds, and, moreover, this photochemical strategy can be utilized as a mild and feasible method for the preparation of diversely functionalized carbonyl compounds including oxamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Dae Won Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
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4
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Clennan EL. Aromatic Endoperoxides. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:204-220. [PMID: 35837947 DOI: 10.1111/php.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental aspects of aromatic endoperoxide chemistry are reviewed including their synthesis and reactions. The discussion will focus on factors that will both enhance and prevent the formation of aromatic endoperoxides, and on structural features that will provide control over their ability to release singlet oxygen. This approach recognizes the dual use of aromatic hydrocarbons as both precursors of endoperoxides and as valuable materials for incorporation in electronic and photonic devices. Improvement of the existing methods and development of new methods for the synthesis of endoperoxides is necessary as result of the demand to improve existing and to create new applications for these valuable materials. On the other hand, prevention of endoperoxide formation is crucial to inhibit irreversible oxidative degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons and to extend their lifetimes as useful organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L Clennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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5
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Martins LMOS, Santos JO, Hoye T, Alvarenga ES. Synthesis of a novel naphthalenone endoperoxide and structural elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and theoretical calculation. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:139-147. [PMID: 34265119 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones are found in plants of Asteraceae family, and endoperoxides are known for their antimalarial activity. Structural elucidation is a relevant aspect; however, it is not uncommon to find incorrect or incomplete structural assignments in the literature. Calculations based in quantum mechanics are frequently used to compute 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts, and after comparing with the experimental data, the correct structure is established from diverse candidates. Targeting the synthesis of bioactive compounds, we envisaged the synthesis of a novel endoperoxide from the natural sesquiterpene lactone α-santonin (2). Photochemical transformation of α-santonin (2) to mazdasantonin (4) followed by photooxidation catalyzed by rose bengal afforded the novel endoperoxide 5. This new endoperoxide contains five stereogenic centers and is analogous to the antimalarial agent artemisinin (1). The relative configuration of the stereogenic centers of the endoperoxide were established by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses and confirmed by theoretical calculations. All approaches were in complete agreement, and the structure of mazdasantonin endoperoxide was established as (3S,3aS,5aS,8R,9bS)-3,6,6-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,8,9b-hexahydro-2H-5a,8-epidioxynaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,7(6H)-dione.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana O Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Thomas Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elson S Alvarenga
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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6
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Orfanopoulos M. Singlet Oxygen: Discovery, Chemistry, C 60 -Sensitization †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1182-1218. [PMID: 34240450 DOI: 10.1111/php.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review article refers to the discovery of excited molecular oxygen, in particular on its lower singlet excited state (1 Δg , 1 O2 ). After a short report on singlet oxygen generation, the review is focused on the chemistry of this reactive species. Specifically, the three major reactions of 1 O2 with unsaturated organic substrates, namely the [4 + 2] and [2 +2] cycloadditions as well as the ene reaction, are reviewed. The proposed mechanisms of these reactions, through the years, based on experimental and computational work, have been presented. Selected examples of singlet oxygen-synthetic applications are also mentioned. The [60]fullerene and fullereno-materials photosensitized oxidations in homogeneous, as well as in heterogeneous conditions, are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the self-sensitized photooxidation of open cage fullerenes as well as fullerenes bearing oxidizable groups is reported.
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7
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Fudickar W, Metz M, Mai-Linde Y, Krüger T, Kelling A, Sperlich E, Linker T. Influence of Functional Groups on the Ene Reaction of Singlet Oxygen with 1,4-Cyclohexadienes †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1289-1297. [PMID: 33772796 DOI: 10.1111/php.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The photooxygenation of 1,4-cyclohexadienes has been studied with a special focus on regio- and stereoselectivities. In all examples, only the methyl-substituted double bond undergoes an ene reaction with singlet oxygen, to afford hydroperoxides in moderate to good yields. We explain the high regioselectivities by a "large-group effect" of the adjacent quaternary stereocenter. Nitriles decrease the reactivity of singlet oxygen, presumably by quenching, but can stabilize proposed per-epoxide intermediates by polar interactions resulting in different stereoselectivities. Spiro lactams and lactones show an interesting effect on regio- and stereoselectivities of the ene reactions. Thus, singlet oxygen attacks the double bond preferentially anti to the carbonyl group, affording only one regioisomeric hydroperoxide. If the reaction occurs from the opposite face, the other regioisomer is exclusively formed by severe electrostatic repulsion in a perepoxide intermediate. We explain this unusual behavior by the fixed geometry of spiro compounds and call it a "spiro effect" in singlet oxygen ene reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fudickar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Melanie Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Krüger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | | | - Eric Sperlich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Golm, Germany
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8
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Makhmudiyarova NN, Ishmukhametova IR, Shangaraev KR, Dzhemileva LU, D'yakonov VA, Ibragimov AG, Dzhemilev UM. Catalytic synthesis of benzannelated macrocyclic di- and triperoxides based on phenols. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05511e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of benzannelated macrocyclic di- and triperoxides by cyclocondensation of aromatic compounds with bis-hydroperoxides and formaldehyde in the presence of lanthanide catalysts has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina R. Ishmukhametova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 450075 Ufa
- Russian Federation
| | - Kamil R. Shangaraev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 450075 Ufa
- Russian Federation
| | - Lilya U. Dzhemileva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 450075 Ufa
- Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. D'yakonov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 450075 Ufa
- Russian Federation
| | - Askhat G. Ibragimov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 450075 Ufa
- Russian Federation
| | - Usein M. Dzhemilev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 450075 Ufa
- Russian Federation
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9
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Al‐Nu'airat J, Oluwoye I, Zeinali N, Altarawneh M, Dlugogorski BZ. Review of Chemical Reactivity of Singlet Oxygen with Organic Fuels and Contaminants. CHEM REC 2020; 21:315-342. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jomana Al‐Nu'airat
- Murdoch University Discipline of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education 90 South Street Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
| | - Ibukun Oluwoye
- Murdoch University Discipline of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education 90 South Street Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
| | - Nassim Zeinali
- Murdoch University Discipline of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education 90 South Street Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
| | - Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- United Arab Emirates University Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed St Al-Ain 15551 United Arab Emirates
| | - Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski
- Charles Darwin University Energy and Resources Institute, Ellengowan Drive Darwin NT 0909 Australia
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10
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Turque O, Greer A, Wauchope OR. Synthetic feasibility of oxygen-driven photoisomerizations of alkenes and polyenes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9181-9190. [PMID: 33155598 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01993c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This review describes O2-dependent photoreactions for possible routes to double-bond isomerizations. E,Z-isomerizations triggered by O2 and visible light are a new area of potential synthetic interest. The reaction involves the reversible addition of O2 to form a peroxy intermediate with oxygen evolution and partial regeneration of the compound as its isomer. Targeting of O2-dependent photoisomerizations also relates to a practical use of visible light, for example the improved light penetration depth for visible as opposed to UV photons in batch sensitized reactions. This review is intended to draw a link between visible-light formation of a peroxy intermediate and its dark degradation with O2 release for unsaturated compound isomerization. This review should be of interest both to photochemists and synthetic organic chemists, as it ties together mechanistic and synthetic work, drawing attention to an overlooked subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Turque
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA.
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11
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Jaramillo M, Joens JA, O'Shea KE. Fundamental Studies of the Singlet Oxygen Reactions with the Potent Marine Toxin Domoic Acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6073-6081. [PMID: 32302120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Domoic acid (DA), a potent marine toxin, is readily oxidized upon reaction with singlet oxygen (1O2). Detailed product studies revealed that the major singlet oxygenation reaction pathways were the [2 + 2] cycloaddition (60.2%) and ene reactions (39.8%) occurring at the Z double bond. Diene isomerization and [4 + 2] cycloaddition, common for conjugated diene systems, were not observed during the singlet oxygenation of DA. The bimolecular rate constant for the DA reaction with 1O2 determined by competition kinetics was 5.1 × 105 M-1 s-1. Based on the rate constant and steady-state concentrations of 1O2 in surface waters, the environmental half-life of DA due to singlet oxygen-induced transformations is between 5 and 63 days. The 1O2 reaction product mixture of DA did not exhibit significant biological activity based on ELISA studies, indicating that singlet oxygenation could be an important natural detoxification process. The characteristic oxidation products can provide valuable markers for the risk assessment of DA-contaminated natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Jaramillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Joens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Kevin E O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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12
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Zeinali N, Oluwoye I, Altarawneh MK, Almatarneh MH, Dlugogorski BZ. Probing the Reactivity of Singlet Oxygen with Cyclic Monoterpenes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14040-14048. [PMID: 31497722 PMCID: PMC6714933 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes represent a class of hydrocarbons consisting of two isoprene units. Like many other terpenes, monoterpenes emerge mainly from vegetation, indicating their significance in both atmospheric chemistry and pharmaceutical and food industries. The atmospheric recycling of monoterpenes constitutes a major source of secondary organic aerosols. Therefore, this contribution focuses on the mechanism and kinetics of atmospheric oxidation of five dominant monoterpenes (i.e., limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, and camphene) by singlet oxygen. The reactions are initiated via the ene-type addition of singlet oxygen (O2 1Δg) to the electron-rich double bond, progressing favorably through the concerted reaction mechanisms. The physical analyses of the frontier molecular orbitals agree well with the thermodynamic properties of the selected reagents, and the computed reaction rate parameters. The reactivity of monoterpenes with O2 1Δg follows the order of α-pinene > sabinene > limonene > β-pinene > camphene, i.e., α-pinene and camphene retain the highest and lowest reactivity toward singlet oxygen, with rate expressions of k(T) (M-1 s-1) = 1.13 × 108 exp(-48(kJ)/RT(K)) and 6.93 × 108 exp(-139(kJ)/RT(K)), respectively. The effect of solvent on the primary reaction pathways triggers a slight reduction in energy, ranging between 12 and 34 kJ/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Zeinali
- Discipline
of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering
and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ibukun Oluwoye
- Discipline
of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering
and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Mohammednoor K. Altarawneh
- Discipline
of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering
and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Chemical
Engineering Department, UAE University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski
- Office
of Deputy Vice Chancellor Research & Innovation, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
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Fudickar W, Linker T. Release of Singlet Oxygen from Aromatic Endoperoxides by Chemical Triggers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12971-12975. [PMID: 30070421 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The generation of reactive singlet oxygen under mild conditions is of current interest in chemistry, biology, and medicine. We were able to release oxygen from dipyridylanthracene endoperoxides (EPOs) by using a simple chemical trigger at low temperature. Protonation and methylation of such EPOs strongly accelerated these reactions. Furthermore, the methyl pyridinium derivatives are water soluble and therefore serve as oxygen carriers in aqueous media. Methylation of the EPO of the ortho isomer affords the parent form directly without increasing the temperature under very mild conditions. This exceptional behavior is ascribed to the close contact between the nitrogen atom and the peroxo group. Singlet oxygen is released upon this reaction, and can be used to oxygenate an acceptor such as tetramethylethylene in the dark with no heating. Thus, a new chemical source of singlet oxygen has been found, which is triggered by a simple stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fudickar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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14
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Fudickar W, Linker T. Chemisch induzierte Freisetzung von Singulettsauerstoff aus aromatischen Endoperoxiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fudickar
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Torsten Linker
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
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15
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Qiao X, Biswas S, Wu W, Zhu F, Tung CH, Wang Y. Selective endoperoxide formation by heterogeneous TiO 2 photocatalysis with dioxygen. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Lee RJ, Lindley MR, Pritchard GJ, Kimber MC. A biosynthetically inspired route to substituted furans using the Appel reaction: total synthesis of the furan fatty acid F 5. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:6327-6330. [PMID: 28548154 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03229c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Appel reaction conditions have been harnessed to affect a mild biosynthetically inspired dehydration of endoperoxides to deliver multi-substituted electron rich furans. Unlike traditional dehydrative procedures, this method is metal and acid free, and can be achieved under redox neutral conditions. It is general for a range of aryl and alkyl substituted endoperoxides, and is functional group tolerant. Furthermore, this procedure has been used to deliver an effective total synthesis of the furan fatty acid (FFA) F5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lee
- School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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17
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Bauch M, Krtitschka A, Linker T. Photooxygenation of oxygen-substituted naphthalenes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Bauch
- Chemistry Department; University of Potsdam; Golm Germany
| | | | - Torsten Linker
- Chemistry Department; University of Potsdam; Golm Germany
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18
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Al-Nu'airat J, Altarawneh M, Gao X, Westmoreland PR, Dlugogorski BZ. Reaction of Aniline with Singlet Oxygen (O 21Δ g). J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3199-3206. [PMID: 28406298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) acts as an effective photochemical sensitizer that produces the singlet delta state of molecular oxygen (O21Δg), a powerful oxidizer that removes aniline from aqueous solutions. However, the exact mode of this reaction, the p- to o-iminobenzoquinone ratio, and the selectivity of one over the other remain largely speculative. This contribution resolves these uncertainties. We report, for the first time, a comprehensive mechanistic and kinetic account of the oxidation of aniline with the singlet delta oxygen using B3LYP and M06 functionals in both gas and aqueous phases. Reaction mechanisms have been mapped out at E, H, and G scales. The 1,4-cycloaddition of O21Δg to aniline forms a 1,4-peroxide intermediate (M1), which isomerizes via a closed-shell mechanism to generate a p-iminobenzoquinone molecule. On the other hand, the O21Δg ene-type reaction forms an o-iminobenzoquinone product when the hydroperoxyl bond breaks, splitting hydroxyl from the 1,2-hydroperoxide (M3) moiety. The gas-phase model predicts the formation of both p- and o-iminobenzoquinones. In the latter model, the M1 adduct displays the selectivity of up to 96%. A water-solvation model predicts that M1 decomposes further, forming only p-iminobenzoquinone with a rate constant of k = 1.85 × 109 (L/(mol s)) at T = 313 K. These results corroborate the recent experimental findings of product concentration profile in which p-iminobenzoquinonine represents the only detected product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomana Al-Nu'airat
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University , 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University , 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Xiangpeng Gao
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University , 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Phillip R Westmoreland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Bogdan Z Dlugogorski
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University , 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
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19
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Daeppen C, Kaiser M, Neuburger M, Gademann K. Preparation of Antimalarial Endoperoxides by a Formal [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2015; 17:5420-3. [PMID: 26491785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A formal [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between a 1,3-dione, an olefin, and molecular oxygen mediated by light is reported, which delivers endoperoxides in good yield through the formation of two C-O and one C-C bond in one step. The resulting 1,2-dioxanes are stable compounds and can be further derivatized at the hemiacetal position via alkylation or acetylation. All compounds have been evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum, and the best compound displayed an IC50-value of 180 nM. A potential mechanistic rationale for the formation of these compounds is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Daeppen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Neuburger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Christmann M, Hu J, Kitamura M, Stoltz B. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(15)00744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Accessing nitrosocarbonyl compounds with temporal and spatial control via the photoredox oxidation of N-substituted hydroxylamines. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Shang H, Liu J, Bao R, Cao Y, Zhao K, Xiao C, Zhou B, Hu L, Tang Y. Biomimetic Synthesis: Discovery of Xanthanolide Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14494-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Shang H, Liu J, Bao R, Cao Y, Zhao K, Xiao C, Zhou B, Hu L, Tang Y. Biomimetic Synthesis: Discovery of Xanthanolide Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Rontani JF, Belt ST, Vaultier F, Brown TA, Massé G. Autoxidative and Photooxidative Reactivity of Highly Branched Isoprenoid (HBI) Alkenes. Lipids 2014; 49:481-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Terent'ev AO, Borisov DA, Vil’ VA, Dembitsky VM. Synthesis of five- and six-membered cyclic organic peroxides: Key transformations into peroxide ring-retaining products. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:34-114. [PMID: 24454562 PMCID: PMC3896255 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review describes the current status of synthetic five and six-membered cyclic peroxides such as 1,2-dioxolanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes (ozonides), 1,2-dioxanes, 1,2-dioxenes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. The literature from 2000 onwards is surveyed to provide an update on synthesis of cyclic peroxides. The indicated period of time is, on the whole, characterized by the development of new efficient and scale-up methods for the preparation of these cyclic compounds. It was shown that cyclic peroxides remain unchanged throughout the course of a wide range of fundamental organic reactions. Due to these properties, the molecular structures can be greatly modified to give peroxide ring-retaining products. The chemistry of cyclic peroxides has attracted considerable attention, because these compounds are used in medicine for the design of antimalarial, antihelminthic, and antitumor agents.
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Key Words
- 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes
- 1,2,4-trioxanes
- 1,2,4-trioxolanes
- 1,2-dioxanes
- 1,2-dioxenes
- 1,2-dioxolanes
- cyclic peroxides
- ozonides
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Borisov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vera A Vil’
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valery M Dembitsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute for Drug Research, P.O. Box 12065, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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26
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Fudickar W, Linker T. Intermediates in the Formation and Thermolysis of Peroxides from Oxidations with Singlet Oxygen. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the recent mechanistic understandings of the singlet oxygen ene reaction to give hydroperoxides and the [4+2] cycloaddition affording endoperoxides. Both experimental findings and theoretical work conclude in the formation of intermediates structurally similar to perepoxides during the ene reaction. Such intermediates mainly control the regio- and stereoselectivities of this reaction class. For the [4+2] cycloaddition, both a synchronous concerted reaction (benzene, naphthalenes) and a stepwise reaction with a non-symmetric zwitterionic intermediate (larger acenes) have been found. The thermolysis of endoperoxides derived from acenes proceeds stepwise for anthracenes, but in a concerted manner for less stable adducts such as naphthalene.
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27
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(13)01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Malik S, Khan SA, Ahuja P, Arya SK, Sahu S, Sahu K. Singlet oxygen-mediated synthesis of malarial chemotherapeutic agents. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Priest J, Longland MR, Elsegood MRJ, Kimber MC. An Asymmetric Synthesis of trans-Fused Butyrolactones from Endoperoxides. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3476-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Priest
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Mark. R. Longland
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Mark R. J. Elsegood
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Marc C. Kimber
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
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30
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Billard F, Robiette R, Pospíšil J. Julia-Kocienski reaction-based 1,3-diene synthesis: aldehyde-dependent (E,E/E,Z)-selectivity. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6358-64. [PMID: 22764737 DOI: 10.1021/jo300929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new modification of Julia-Kocienski olefination reaction based on the use of cation-specific chelating agents that yields 1,3-dienes with predictable (E/Z)-selectivity on newly created double bond was developed. The influence of the aldehyde structure on reaction (E/Z) selectivity is discussed and rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Billard
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (IMCN/MOST), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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31
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Parrish JD, Ischay MA, Lu Z, Guo S, Peters NR, Yoon TP. Endoperoxide synthesis by photocatalytic aerobic [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions. Org Lett 2012; 14:1640-3. [PMID: 22372647 DOI: 10.1021/ol300428q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Structurally novel endoperoxides can be sythesized by the photocatalytic cyclotrimerization of bis(styrene) substrates with molecular oxygen. The optimal catalyst for this process is Ru(bpz)(3)(2+), which is a markedly more efficient catalyst for these photooxygention reactions than conventional organic photosensitizers. The 1,2-dioxolane products are amenable to synthetic manipulation and can be easily processed to 1,4-diols and γ-hydroxyketones. An initial screen of the biological activity of these compounds reveals promising inhibition of cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Parrish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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32
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Koylu D, Sarrafpour S, Zhang J, Ramjattan S, Panzer MJ, Thomas III SW. Acene-doped polymer films: singlet oxygen dosimetry and protein sensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9489-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34640k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Biriiac A. Synthesis and Photooxygenation of the Methyl Ester of 11-Homodrim-6,8(9)-Diene-12-Oic Acid. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2011. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2011.06(2).17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting with the methyl 11-homodrim-8-ene-7-oxo-12-oate a two steps synthesis of methyl-11-homodrim-6,8(9)-diene-12-oate was accomplished in 87% overall yield, which on photooxygenation in the presence of tetraphenylporphyrin gave a mixture of methyl esters of 11-homodrim-7-ene-6α,9α-peroxy-12-oic and 11-homodrim-5,8-diene-7-oxo-12-oic acids 21% and 54% yields, respectively.
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34
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Borg T, Tuzina P, Somfai P. Lewis acid-promoted addition of 1,3-bis(silyl)propenes to aldehydes: a route to 1,3-dienes. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8070-5. [PMID: 21875048 DOI: 10.1021/jo2013466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis acid-promoted addition of 1,3-bis(silyl)propenes to aldehydes to provide the corresponding (E)-1,3-dienes in excellent stereoselectivity and good to excellent yields is reported. The procedure is mild, base-free, and operationally straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessie Borg
- KTH Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(11)00770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Poe SL, Morken JP. A boron-based synthesis of the natural product (+)-trans-dihydrolycoricidine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4189-92. [PMID: 21455917 PMCID: PMC3369811 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Poe
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
| | - James P. Morken
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
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37
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Poe SL, Morken JP. A Boron-Based Synthesis of the Natural Product (+)-trans-Dihydrolycoricidine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Lee WE, Park H, Kwak G. Solvent-assisted, accelerated photobleaching and fluorescence recovery of conjugated polymer film. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:659-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04512h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(10)01735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Riveira MJ, La-Venia A, Mischne MP. Advances in bridged 1,2,4-trioxane-based chemistry. A divergent approach to oxa-heterocycles based on ambident reactivity. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Hu J, Xu H, Nguyen MH, Yip JHK. Photooxidation of a platinum-anthracene pincer complex: formation and structures of Pt(II)-anthrone and -ketal complexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:9684-92. [PMID: 19817495 DOI: 10.1021/ic900479w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Irradiating the cyclometalated pincer complex Pt(II)(DPA)Cl (1, DPA = 1,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)anthracene) in the presence of O(2) led to three sequential oxidations of the anthracenyl ring. The first photoproduct, a Pt(II)-9,10-endoperoxide complex, was converted photochemically to a Pt(II)-9-hydroxyanthrone complex A which was further oxygenated to a Pt(II)-hemiketal (B). The oxidation of A, which could be accelerated by light irradiation, probably involved a Pt(II)-anthraquinone intermediate. B underwent acid-catalyzed ketalization to form a binuclear Pt(II)(2)-diketal (B1). The photolysis was followed by UV-vis absorption and NMR spectroscopy, and the structures of A and B1 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 11754
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42
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Castro-Olivares R, Günther G, Zanocco AL, Lemp E. Linear free energy relationship analysis of solvent effect on singlet oxygen reactions with mono and disubstituted anthracene derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Feng K, Peng ML, Wang DH, Zhang LP, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Silica- and polymer-supported platinum(II) polypyridyl complexes: synthesis and application in photosensitized oxidation of alkenes. Dalton Trans 2009:9794-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b916488j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Kao TC, Chuang G, Liao CC. Photooxygenation of Maskedo-Benzoquinones: An Efficient Entry into Highly Functionalized Cyclopentenones from 2-Methoxyphenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7325-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Kao TC, Chuang G, Liao CC. Photooxygenation of Maskedo-Benzoquinones: An Efficient Entry into Highly Functionalized Cyclopentenones from 2-Methoxyphenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Gonçalves ES, Ogilby PR. Inside vs "Outside" photooxygenation reactions: singlet-oxygen-mediated surface passivation of polymer films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:9056-9065. [PMID: 18613710 DOI: 10.1021/la801353n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Films of poly(acrylonitrile- co-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene) were exposed to singlet oxygen. The extent of polymer oxygenation was monitored for singlet oxygen generated (1) within the polymer film and (2) at the polymer surface in an aqueous medium. When singlet oxygen is generated within the film, oxygenation of the polymer is pronounced and extensive. When singlet oxygen is generated at the polymer surface, oxygenation reactions are limited to the surface. The data suggest that the initial oxygenation reactions at the film surface passivate the polymer against further reaction with singlet oxygen and, hence, also minimize the progressively detrimental effects of secondary reactions. These results indicate that one should exercise restraint when implicating singlet oxygen as a reactive species in some processes of polymer oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Silva Gonçalves
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Arhus, Denmark
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47
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(08)00897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Supramolecular carriers of singlet oxygen: Photosensitized formation and thermal decomposition of endoperoxides in the presence of cyclodextrins. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Fudickar W, Linker T. Remote substituent effects on the photooxygenation of 9,10-diarylanthracenes: strong evidence for polar intermediates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:1771-3. [PMID: 18379688 DOI: 10.1039/b719637g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two different reaction pathways in the photooxygenation of 9,10-diarylanthracenes are identified, with strong evidence for polar (forward, singlet oxygen addition) and radical (backward, thermolysis) intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fudickar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam/Golm, Germany
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50
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Tolstikov GA, Tolstikov AG, Tolstikova OV. Natural peroxides. Chemistry and biological activity. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1996v065n09abeh000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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