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Daub ME, Roosen PC, Vanderwal CD. General Approaches to Structurally Diverse Isocyanoditerpenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4533-4541. [PMID: 28402638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1970s, the striking architectures and the unusual isonitrile functional groups of the isocyanoterpenes have attracted the interest of many organic chemists. The more recent revelation of their potent in vitro antiplasmodial activity sparked new endeavors to synthesize members of this family of secondary metabolites. In this Synopsis, we discuss three distinct strategies that each address multiple structurally different members of the isocyanoterpenes, ending with some of our group's recent contributions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elisabeth Daub
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, 92697-2025 California, United States
| | - Philipp C Roosen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, 92697-2025 California, United States
| | - Christopher D Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, 92697-2025 California, United States
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2
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Roosen PC, Vanderwal CD. A Formal Enantiospecific Synthesis of 7,20-Diisocyanoadociane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7180-3. [PMID: 27162155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
7,20-Diisocyanoadociane (DICA) is a potent antimalarial isocyanoterpene endowed with a fascinating tetracyclic structure composed of fused chair cyclohexanes. We report a highly stereocontrolled synthesis of a late-stage intermediate, the "Corey dione", from which DICA has been made previously. This formal synthesis features a rapid buildup of much of the complexity of the target through a sequence of enone tandem vicinal difunctionalization, Friedel-Crafts cyclodehydration, and sequential stereocontrolled reductions. Most importantly, this success establishes the broader feasibility of our previously developed general synthesis approach to the isocyanoterpene family and provides a blueprint for a very direct synthesis of DICA and related natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp C Roosen
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - Christopher D Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA.
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3
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Roosen PC, Vanderwal CD. A Formal Enantiospecific Synthesis of 7,20-Diisocyanoadociane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp C. Roosen
- Department of Chemistry; 1102 Natural Sciences II; University of California, Irvine; Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
| | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry; 1102 Natural Sciences II; University of California, Irvine; Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
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4
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Avilés E, Prudhomme J, Le Roch KG, Franzblau SG, Chandrasena K, Mayer AMS, Rodríguez AD. Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of a small library of hybrid compounds based on Ugi isocyanide multicomponent reactions with a marine natural product scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5339-43. [PMID: 26421992 PMCID: PMC4815915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A mixture-based combinatorial library of five Ugi adducts (4-8) incorporating known antitubercular and antimalarial pharmacophores was successfully synthesized, starting from the naturally occurring diisocyanide 3, via parallel Ugi four-center three-component reactions (U-4C-3CR). The novel α-acylamino amides obtained were evaluated for their antiinfective potential against laboratory strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and chloroquine-susceptible 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum. Interestingly, compounds 4-8 displayed potent in vitro antiparasitic activity with higher cytotoxicity in comparison to their diisocyanide precursor 3, with the best compound exhibiting an IC50 value of 3.6 nM. Additionally, these natural product inspired hybrids potently inhibited in vitro thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and superoxide anion (O2(-)) generation from Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated rat neonatal microglia, with concomitant low short-term toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Avilés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23346, U.P.R. Station, San Juan, PR 00931-3346, United States
| | - Jacques Prudhomme
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California at Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Karine G Le Roch
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California at Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Kevin Chandrasena
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Alejandro M S Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Abimael D Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23346, U.P.R. Station, San Juan, PR 00931-3346, United States.
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Schnermann MJ, Shenvi RA. Syntheses and biological studies of marine terpenoids derived from inorganic cyanide. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:543-77. [PMID: 25514696 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Isocyanoterpenes (ICTs) are marine natural products biosynthesized through an unusual pathway that adorns terpene scaffolds with nitrogenous functionality derived from cyanide. The appendage of nitrogen functional groups - isonitriles in particular - onto stereochemically-rich carbocyclic ring systems provides enigmatic, bioactive molecules that have required innovative chemical syntheses. This review discusses the challenges inherent to the synthesis of this diverse family and details the development of the field. We also present recent progress in isolation and discuss key aspects of the remarkable biological activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
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Roosen PC, Vanderwal CD. Investigations into an anionic oxy-cope/transannular conjugate addition approach to 7,20-diisocyanoadociane. Org Lett 2014; 16:4368-71. [PMID: 25105694 DOI: 10.1021/ol502205m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An anionic oxy-Cope/transannular conjugate addition approach to the potent antimalarial 7,20-diisocyanoadociane is presented. The unexpected formation of undesired diastereomers in the key reaction led to the structural reassignment of previous products of this type of cascade and a reevaluation of the reversibility of the transannular ring closure. During efforts to coax the reaction toward the desired product, a transannular ene reaction provided tricyclic compounds relevant to the kempane diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp C Roosen
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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Abstract
7-Isocyano-11(20),14-epiamphilectadiene, the most potent of antimalarial amphilectenes, is synthesized in seven steps from readily available materials. The synthesis is enabled by a new dendrimeric triene (Danishefsky [3]-dendralene) and a new method for stereo- and chemoselective isocyanation. This chemistry provides a useful entry into an underexplored yet promising family of antimalarial terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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8
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de Graaff C, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Recent developments in asymmetric multicomponent reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3969-4009. [PMID: 22546840 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 640] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) receive increasing attention because they address both diversity and complexity in organic synthesis. Thus, in principle diverse sets of relatively complex structures can be generated from simple starting materials in a single reaction step. The ever increasing need for optically pure compounds for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications as well as for catalysis promotes the development of asymmetric multicomponent reactions. In recent years, asymmetric multicomponent reactions have been applied to the total synthesis of various enantiopure natural products and commercial drugs, reducing the number of required reaction steps significantly. Although many developments in diastereoselective MCRs have been reported, the field of catalytic enantioselective MCRs has just started to blossom. This critical review describes developments in both diastereoselective and catalytic enantioselective multicomponent reactions since 2004. Significantly broadened scopes, new techniques, more environmentally benign methods and entirely novel MCRs reflect the increasingly inventive paths that synthetic chemist follow in this field. Until recently, enantioselective transition metal-catalyzed MCRs represented the majority of catalytic enantioselective MCRs. However, metal contamination is highly undesirable for drug synthesis. The emergence of organocatalysis greatly influences the quest for new asymmetric MCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corien de Graaff
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Anwar S, Chang HJ, Chen K. Organocatalytic Synthesis of Multiple Substituted Bicyclo[4.4.0]Decalin System. Org Lett 2011; 13:2200-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200424x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan 116, ROC
| | - Hui-Ju Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan 116, ROC
| | - Kwunmin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan 116, ROC
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11
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Asymmetric Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Mono-, Bi-, and Tricyclic Carbon Frameworksvia Organocatalytic Domino Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ashkenazi T, Pinkert D, Nudelman A, Widberg A, Wexler B, Wittenbach V, Flint D, Nudelman A. Aryl chain analogues of the biotin vitamers as potential herbicides. Part 3. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2007; 63:974-1001. [PMID: 17665367 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel aryl chain isosters and analogues of 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) and 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA), the vitamer intermediates involved in the biosynthetic pathway of biotin, possessing chain lengths of eight carbon atoms, were prepared and evaluated as potential herbicides. In the greenhouse test the most active compounds were the fluorinated derivative 9d and the selenophenyl/furan mixture 17m/17p, which were most active against Foxtail millet. In the more sensitive Arabidopsis test the most active substances were 9a and 17m, which displayed GR(50) (concentration of active compound causing 50% growth inhibition) values of 0.2 and 0.5 mg kg(-1) respectively (values of < 50 mg kg(-1) are considered herbicidal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Ashkenazi
- Chemistry Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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Enders D, Hüttl MRM, Runsink J, Raabe G, Wendt B. Organocatalytic one-pot asymmetric synthesis of functionalized tricyclic carbon frameworks from a triple-cascade/Diels-Alder sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:467-9. [PMID: 17154207 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Enders
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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14
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Enders D, Hüttl M, Runsink J, Raabe G, Wendt B. Organokatalytische, asymmetrische Eintopf-Synthese von funktionalisierten tricyclischen Kohlenstoffgerüsten durch eine Tripelkaskade/Diels-Alder-Sequenz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chang CW. Naturally occurring isocyano/isothiocyanato and related compounds. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 2001; 80:1-186. [PMID: 11036790 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6331-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C W Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, USA
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Smith AB, Condon SM, McCauley JA. Total Synthesis of Immunosuppressants: Unified Strategies Exploiting Dithiane Couplings and σ-Bond Olefin Constructions. Acc Chem Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ar960289i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Stephen M. Condon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - John A. McCauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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