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Vargas DF, Larghi EL, Kaufman TS. The 6π-azaelectrocyclization of azatrienes. Synthetic applications in natural products, bioactive heterocycles, and related fields. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:354-401. [PMID: 30090891 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00014j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2006 to 2018 The application of the 6π-azaelectrocyclization of azatrienes as a key strategy for the synthesis of natural products, their analogs and related bioactive or biomedically-relevant compounds (from 2006 to date) is comprehensively reviewed. Details about reaction optimization studies, relevant reaction mechanisms and conditions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier F Vargas
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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2
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Katsumura S, Kobayashi T, Sakaguchi T. One-Pot Asymmetric 6π-Azaelectrocyclization as a New Strategy for Alkaloid Synthesis. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-12-761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Sequential ring-closing metathesis–vinyl halide Heck cyclization reactions: access to the tetracyclic ring system of ervitsine. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Martin CL, Nakamura S, Otte R, Overman LE. Total synthesis of (+)-condylocarpine, (+)-isocondylocarpine, and (+)-tubotaiwine. Org Lett 2011; 13:138-41. [PMID: 21133399 PMCID: PMC3014433 DOI: 10.1021/ol102709s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total syntheses of indole alkaloids of the condylocarpine type are reported. (+)-Condylocarpine, (+)-isocondylocarpine, and (+)-tubotaiwine were prepared in high enantiomeric purity (er > 99:1) from (1S,5R)-hexahydro-1,5-methano-1H-azocino[4,3-b]indole-12-one 7b by way of five or six isolated intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor L. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Seiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Ralf Otte
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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Sakaguchi T, Kobayashi S, Katsumura S. Total synthesis of (−)-20-epiuleinevia stereocontrolled one-pot asymmetric azaelectrocyclization followed by novel 1,4-addition reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:257-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Patir S, Ertürk E. An Entry to the Azocino[4,3-b]indole Framework through a Dehydrogenative Activation of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrocarbazoles Mediated by DDQ: Formal Synthesis of (±)-Uleine. J Org Chem 2010; 76:335-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1021663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Patir
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Education, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Ertürk
- Chemistry Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Martin CL, Overman LE, Rohde JM. Total synthesis of (+/-)- and (-)-actinophyllic acid. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:4894-906. [PMID: 20218696 DOI: 10.1021/ja100178u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Development of efficient sequences for the total syntheses of (+/-)-actinophyllic acid (rac-1) and (-)-actinophyllic acid (1) are described. The central step in these syntheses is the aza-Cope/Mannich reaction, which constructs the previously unknown hexacyclic ring system of actinophyllic acid in one step from much simpler tetracyclic precursors. The tetracyclic hexahydro-1,5-methano-1H-azocino[4,3-b]indole ketone rac-37 is assembled from o-nitrophenylacetic acid in four steps, with oxidative cyclization of a dienolate derivative of tricyclic precursor rac-35 being the central step. In the first-generation synthesis, this intermediate is transformed in two steps to homoallyl amine rac-43, whose formaldiminium derivative undergoes efficient aza-Cope/Mannich reaction to give pentacyclic ketone rac-44. In four additional steps, this intermediate is advanced to (+/-)-actinophyllic acid. The synthesis is streamlined by elaborating ketone rac-37 to beta-hydroxyester intermediate rac-53, which is directly transformed to (+/-)-actinophyllic acid upon exposure to HCl and paraformaldehyde. This concise second-generation total synthesis of (+/-)-actinophyllic acid is realized in 22% overall yield from commercially available di-tert-butyl malonate and o-nitrophenylacetic acid by a sequence that proceeds by way of only six isolated intermediates. The first enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-actinophyllic acid (1) is accomplished by this direct sequence from tricyclic keto malonate (S)-35. Catalytic enantioselective reduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone 66 is the key step in the preparation of intermediate (S)-35 from the commercially available Boc-amino acid 65. Discussed also is the possibility that the aza-Cope/Mannich reaction might be involved in the biosynthesis of (-)-actinophyllic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor L Martin
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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Tanaka K, Fukase K, Katsumura S. New strategy in synthetic biology: from enzyme inhibition and natural products synthesis to PET imaging by 6π-azaelectrocyclization. CHEM REC 2010; 10:119-39. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.200900026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Minato D, Imai M, Kanda Y, Onomura O, Matsumura Y. Copper ion-catalyzed regioselective introduction of active methylene groups into the γ-position of piperidine skeleton and its application to the synthesis of (−)-cincholoiponic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.05.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Somei M, Yamada F. Simple indole alkaloids and those with a non-rearranged monoterpenoid unit. Nat Prod Rep 2005; 22:73-103. [PMID: 15692618 DOI: 10.1039/b316241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers newly isolated simple indole alkaloids, structure determinations, total syntheses and biological activities reported in the literature in 2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Somei
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Japan
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Jiricek J, Blechert S. Enantioselective Synthesis of (−)-Gilbertine via a Cationic Cascade Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:3534-8. [PMID: 15025481 DOI: 10.1021/ja0399021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Described is the first enantioselective synthesis of (-)-gilbertine (2), a member of the uleine-type family, and the determination of the absolute configuration of this natural product is reported. The key step employs a cationic cascade reaction for a tetrahydropyrane and piperidine ring formation and the construction of the pentacyclic framework in one step. The synthetic strategy utilizes the Shibasaki reaction to build up the first stereogenic center. A formylation reaction of a 3-substituted cyclohexanone derivative was achieved, giving only the desired regioisomer. The Japp-Klingemann Fischer indole protocol was used successfully as a convergent synthetic approach for the construction of the desired tetrahydrocarbazole (20). Furthermore, an unexpected behavior of this 2,3-disubstituted cyclohexanone derivative during an epimerization process was investigated, resulting in different chemical behavior of the enantiomers and the racemate. The diastereomeric resolution was achieved via the cationic cascade reaction, demonstrating the versatility of this approach. Significantly, the synthetic 17-step sequence was easy to execute, giving (-)-gilbertine in 5.5% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jiricek
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Thermodynamic equilibration of dihydropyridone enolates: application to the total synthesis of (+/−)-epiuleine. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tanaka K, Katsumura S. Highly stereoselective asymmetric 6pi-azaelectrocyclization utilizing the novel 7-alkyl substituted cis-1-amino-2-indanols: formal synthesis of 20-epiuleine. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:9660-1. [PMID: 12175196 DOI: 10.1021/ja026464+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly stereoselective asymmetric 6pi-azaelectrocyclization was achieved with generality, based on the reaction between the (E)-3-carbonyl-2,4,6-trienal compounds and the (-)-7-alkyl-cis-1-amino-2-indanol derivatives as the effective novel chiral amines. Furthermore, the chiral auxiliaries of the cyclized products obtained were efficiently removed by the novel manganese dioxide oxidation under remarkably mild conditions, and the method was successfully applied to the formal synthesis of optically active 20-epiuleine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Tanaka
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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Alvarez M, Joule JA. Ellipticine, uleine, apparicine, and related alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2002; 57:235-72. [PMID: 11705122 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(01)57005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Alvarez
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Thomas O, Zaparucha A, Husson HP. A new rearrangement of N-trifluoroacetoxyammonium salt under Polonovski–Potier reaction conditions: aziridinium versus iminium formation. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Le Gall E, Hurvois JP, Renaud T, Moinet C, Tallec A, Uriac P, Sinbandhit S, Toupet L. Electrosynthesis of α-Aminonitriles: Anodic Cyanation ofN-Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines andN-Phenylpiperidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719971011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Bennasar ML, Vidal B, Bosch J. Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Ervitsine and Indole Alkaloids of the Ervatamine Groupvia1,4-Dihydropyridines. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9623301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Lounasmaa M, Miettinen J, Hanhinen P, Jokela R. Short synthesis of (±)-hirsutine: Direct addition of dimethyl malonate anion to a 1,4-conjugate iminium salt of appropriate 3-ethylindolo[2,3-a]quinolizidine. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Santamaria J, Kaddachi MT, Ferroud C. Trimethylsilyl cyanide as a superior trapping agent for iminium ion intermediates in the dca-sensitized photooxygenation of indole derivatives and analogues. Application to the total synthesis of some indoloquinolizidine alkaloids. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)77714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Nisole C, Uriac P, Huet J, Toupet L. Heterocyclisations de sels d'iminium provenant de quelques β-amino-β-lactames et de leurs derives gem-difonctionnels. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)88204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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25
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Bennasar ML, Zulaica E, Bonjoch J, Bosch J. Studies on the synthesis of the indole alkaloids ngouniensine and epingouniensine. Tetrahedron 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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27
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Stereoregulation in the preparation of 1- and 3- monosubstituted 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-]quinolizines. Tetrahedron 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Bonjoch J, Casamitjana N, Gràcia J, Bosch J. Stereocontrolled access to dasycarpidan-type compounds and formal total synthesis of strychnos indole alkaloids of the strychnan-type. Tetrahedron Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)93825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Stereocontrolled synthesis of 4- and 9-ethyl-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-ones via 2-cyanopiperidines. Tetrahedron Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)93824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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31
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Stereoregulation of the C(12b)H-C(2)H relationship in the preparation of 2-substituted 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydro-indolo[2,3-]quinolizines. Tetrahedron 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Nouvelle voie d'acces aux alkyl-1 tetrahydro-1,2,3,6 pyridines a partir de N-alkylimines β-alleniques. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)82409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Bonjoch J, Quirante J, Rodriguez M, Bosch J. Synthetic entry to 8-(o-nitrophenyl-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-ones. Intermediates for the synthesis of strychnos-type systems. Tetrahedron 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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34
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Lounasmaa M, Karvinen E, Koskinen A, Jokela R. Novel applications of the modified polonovski reaction-IX. Tetrahedron 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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36
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37
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38
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Aminonitrile and cyanohydrin ethers as benzoyl anion equivalents in conjugate additions to substituted α cyclenones : comparative synthetic potentialities. Tetrahedron 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)88047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Chapman R, Phillips N, Ward R. Reactions of β-keto esters with 2-cyano-1,2,5,6- tetrahydropyridines. Tetrahedron 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Bosch J, Bonjoch J, Diez A, Linares A, Moral M, Rubiralta M. Mercuric acetate cyclization of -(arylmethyl)piperidines; synthesis of indolo [,-g]morphans (tetracyclic ring system of strychnos indole alkaloids) and ,-benzomorphans. Tetrahedron 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Addition conjuguee d'aminonitriles, equivalents de benzoyle, aux cyclenones. Quelques exemples de syntheses stereoselectives de cyclanones 2,3-disubstituees . Tetrahedron Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)91221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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An efficient synthesis of 1-cyano-2,3-unsaturated sugars the reaction of glycals with Et2AlCN. Tetrahedron Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)91222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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