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Bhattacharjee P, Sarma B, Bora U. Molecular-iodine catalyzed selective construction of cyclopenta[ b]indoles from indoles and acetone: a green gateway to indole-fused cycles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9275-9285. [PMID: 37974448 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01561k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-iodine catalyzed access to an important class of bio-relevant indole derivatives, cyclopenta[b]indoles, has been achieved via a cascade addition/intramolecular cyclization reaction of indoles and acetone. Explorations of diverse substitution patterns revealed an essential substrate-control in the reaction. The high-density electronic core of indole is pivotal in favouring the formation of indolyl-cyclopenta[b]indole derivatives; in contrast, the electron deficiency of the core hindered the cyclization process, directing the formation of bis(indolyl)propanes. Investigations on the mechanistic pathway revealed that bis(indolyl)alkanes were the intermediates for the addition-cyclization process. This simple experimental method provides sustainable synthetic access to cyclopentannulated indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prantika Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam-784028, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Bahona College, Jorhat-785101, Assam, India.
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam-784028, Assam, India
| | - Utpal Bora
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam-784028, Assam, India
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Ouyang J, Maji R, Leutzsch M, Mitschke B, List B. Design of an Organocatalytic Asymmetric (4 + 3) Cycloaddition of 2-Indolylalcohols with Dienolsilanes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8460-8466. [PMID: 35523203 PMCID: PMC9121375 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
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Here we present the
design of a highly enantioselective, catalytic
(4 + 3) cycloaddition of gem-dialkyl 2-indolyl alcohols
and dienolsilanes, enabled by strong and confined IDPi Lewis acids.
The method furnishes novel bicyclo[3.2.2]cyclohepta[b]indoles with up to three stereogenic centers, one of which is quaternary.
A broad substrate scope is accompanied by versatile downstream chemical
modifications. Density functional theory-supported mechanistic studies
shed light on the importance of the in situ generated silylium species
in an overall concerted yet asynchronous cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ouyang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rajat Maji
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mitschke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICRedd), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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3
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Noland WE, Novikov AV, Brown CD. Condensation of 2-methylindole with acetophenones: An unexpected formation of 2-arylanilines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1672745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayland E. Noland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alexei V. Novikov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Noland WE, Brown CD, DeKruif RD, Lanzatella NP, Gao SM, Zabronsky AE, Tritch KJ. Condensation reactions of indole with acetophenones affording mixtures of 3,3-(1-phenylethane-1,1-diyl)bis(1H-indoles) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methyl-1,3-diphenylcyclopent[b]indoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1460760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayland E. Noland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Rodney D. DeKruif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Siming M. Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Kenneth J. Tritch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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5
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Noland WE, Brown CD, Zabronsky AE, Tritch KJ. Synthesis of 2-(9H-carbazol-1-yl)anilines from 2,3′-biindolyl and ketones. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Zhang L, Li C, Lu X, Yang Y. A Facile Synthesis of Indolo[2,3-b]carbazoles from the Reaction of Di(2-indolyl)methane and Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Oxalic Acid. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Noland WE, Kumar HV, Flick GC, Aspros CL, Yoon JH, Wilt AC, Dehkordi N, Thao S, Schneerer AK, Gao S, Tritch KJ. Hydrated ferric sulfate-catalyzed reactions of indole with aldehydes, ketones, cyclic ketones, and chromanones: Synthesis of bisindoles and trisindoles. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Feldman KS, Gonzalez IY, Glinkerman CM. Indolidenes and Indolidenium Intermediates in the Synthesis of Cyclopent[b]indoles: Mechanistic Studies on Intramolecular Cyclizations. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11849-62. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken S. Feldman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Inanllely Y. Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christopher M. Glinkerman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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9
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Noland WE, Worth MA, Schneerer AK, Paal CL, Tritch KJ. Crystal structure of rac-(3a'R,9a'R)-3a'-(indol-3-yl)-1',2',3',3a',4',9a'-hexa-hydro-spiro-[cyclo-pentane-1,9'-penta-leno[1,2-b]indole] p-xylene hemisolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:516-9. [PMID: 25995869 PMCID: PMC4420065 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015007422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C26H26N2·0.5C8H10, is the first reported characterized 2:2 product from acid-catalyzed condensation of indole with cyclo-penta-none and no other 2:2 products were observed. Recrystallization from p-xylene gave the title hemisolvate with the p-xylene mol-ecule located about an inversion center. The terminal penta-lene ring is envelope-flap disordered at the C atom farthest from the skeletal indole unit, with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.819 (4):0.181 (4). The major component has this C atom bent away from the spiro-fused cyclo-pentane ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected by N-H⋯π inter-actions, forming chains along [100], and N-H⋯π and C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming chains along [001], which results in the formation of slabs parallel to (010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayland E Noland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
| | - Matthew A Worth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
| | - Andrew K Schneerer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
| | - Courtney L Paal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
| | - Kenneth J Tritch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
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Feldman KS, Gonzalez IY, Glinkerman CM. Intramolecular [3 + 2] Cyclocondensations of Alkenes with Indolidenes and Indolidenium Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15138-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508421e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken S. Feldman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Inanllely Y. Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christopher M. Glinkerman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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11
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Shelke GM, Rao VK, Tiwari RK, Chhikara BS, Parang K, Kumar A. Bismuth triflate-catalyzed condensation of indoles with acetone. RSC Adv 2013; 3:22346. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
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12
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Pilipenko AS, Mel’chin VV, Trushkov IV, Cheshkov DA, Butin AV. Furan ring opening–indole ring closure: recyclization of 2-(2-aminophenyl)furans into 2-(2-oxoalkyl)indoles. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Wood K, Black DS, Kumar N. Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of 3-Substituted-4,6-dimethoxyindoles with Ketones. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch10137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Activated 3-substituted-4,6-dimethoxyindoles undergo acid catalyzed condensation with acetone and acetophenones in the presence of hydrochloric acid to give pyrrolo[a]indoles. Mixed pyrrolo[a]indoles can similarly be formed using a 1:1 mixture of two indoles. The reaction was found to be sensitive to acidity, with a 3:2 spiro condensation product being preferentially formed in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid.
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Wincent E, Shirani H, Bergman J, Rannug U, Janosik T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of fused thio- and selenopyrans as new indolocarbazole analogues with aryl hydrocarbon receptor affinity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:1648-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Kobayashi K, Shirai Y, Konishi H. Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methane Derivatives by Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Indoles with Vinyl Ethers. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-09-11706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wahlström N, Slätt J, Stensland B, Ertan A, Bergman J, Janosik T. Synthetic Applications of Cyanoacetylated Bisindoles: Synthesis of Novel Cycloheptadiindoles, Indolocarbazoles, and Related Aza Analogues. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5886-9. [PMID: 17585820 DOI: 10.1021/jo0706729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclization reactions involving cyanoacetylated bisindoles have been studied, providing access to various novel cyclohepta[2,1-b:3,4-b']diindole derivatives as well as some related fused pentacyclic systems. Treatment of 3-cyanoacetyl-2,3'-diindolylmethane with methanesulfonic acid gave 6-(cyanomethyl)indolo[3,2-b]carbazole in a good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Wahlström
- Unit for Organic Chemistry, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum Research Park, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
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Djakovitch L, Dufaud V, Zaidi R. Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts Applied to the Synthesis of 2- and 2,3-Functionalised Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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A novel TFA-mediated cyclo-dimerization of 1-substituted 3-alkenylindole derivatives to cyclopent[b]indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Indolocarhazoles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(01)80012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Bergman J, Janosik T, Yudina L, Desarbre E, Lidgren G, Venemalm L. Reactions of 1,2-Bis(1H-indol-2-yl)ethane: Formation of Indolo[2,3-c]carbazole and Cyclohept[1,2-b:5,4-b′]bisindole Derivatives. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Black DS, Craig DC, Santoso M. Mechanism-controlled regioselective synthesis of indolyl benzo[b]carbazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Noland WE, Konkel MJ, Konkel LMC, Pearce BC, Barnes CL, Schlemper EO. Structure Determination of the Products from the Acid-Catalyzed Condensation of Indole with Acetone. J Org Chem 1996; 61:451-454. [PMID: 11666959 DOI: 10.1021/jo951596p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four of the previously reported compounds obtained from the acid-catalyzed condensation of indole with acetone are now assigned the following structures: cis-4,4a,9,9a-tetrahydro-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-3H-carbazole (2a), 1,1',4,4'-tetrahydro-1,1,1',1'-tetramethyl-3,3'(2H,2'H)-spirobi[cyclopent[b]indole] (4), 4,4a-dihydro-2-(3-1H-indolyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3H-carbazol-4a-ol (7), and 5-(2-aminophenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,1,4,4-tetramethylcyclopent[kl]acridine (8). The structure of the novel rearrangement product 8 was solved by an X-ray crystal structure determination. The two previously reported autoxidation products of 4 are now assigned the following structures: 1,3',4,4'-tetrahydro-1,1,4',4'-tetramethyl-cis-dispiro[cyclopent[b]indole-3(2H),2'(5'H)-furan-5',3"-[3H]-indol]-2"(1"H)-one (5) and 1,4-dihydro-1,1,5',5'-tetramethylspiro[cyclopent[b]indole-3(2H),3'(4'H)-1-benzazocine]-2'(1'H),6'(5'H)-dione (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayland E. Noland
- College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 123 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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Harisson CA, Leineweber R, Moody CJ, Williams JM. Synthesis of cyclopent[bindoles by formal [3+2]-addition of indolylmethyl cations to alkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)61376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Black DS, Craig DC, Kumar N. Acid-catalysed reaction of activated indoles with methyl ketones. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)74279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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