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Watumlawar EC, Park BD. A Novel Method of Self-Cross-Linking of Syringaldehyde with Activated Methoxy Groups via Cross-Coupling for Lignin-Based Wood Adhesives. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:28167-28175. [PMID: 38973923 PMCID: PMC11223239 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
As steric hindrance, methoxy groups are limiting the valorization of hardwood lignin. This paper reports a novel method of self-cross-linking of the syringaldehyde with activated methoxy groups (-OCH3) via cross-coupling reaction to obtain thermosetting polymers for lignin-based wood adhesives. The methoxy groups of syringaldehyde have been activated via cross-coupling reaction by substituting Ar-OCH3 with Ar-CH2-SiMe3, and dichloromethane, leading to cross-linking via methylene bridges to build a thermosetting polymer. FTIR spectra showed a decrease in the intensity of a -CH3 and -OH group, owing to the substitution of the methoxy group. 13C NMR spectra also supported these results with the -SiMe3 signal that disappeared after the cross-linking reaction. Furthermore, cross-linking between the activated methoxy groups was confirmed with a strong exothermic peak at 130 °C, resulting in an increase in the adhesion strength as hot-pressing temperature increased from 160 to 180 °C. These results suggest that the cross-linking between the activated methoxy groups of syringaldehyde is an important understanding of valorizing hardwood lignin via building thermosetting polymers for lignin-based adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ega Cyntia Watumlawar
- Department of Wood and Paper
Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Park
- Department of Wood and Paper
Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Guo H, Qiu S, Xu P. One-Carbon Ring Expansion of Indoles and Pyrroles: A Straightforward Access to 3-Fluorinated Quinolines and Pyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202317104. [PMID: 38079290 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
3-Fluorinated quinolines and pyridines are prevalent pharmacophores, yet their synthesis is often challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that dibromofluoromethane as bromofluorocarbene source enables the one-carbon ring expansion of readily available indoles and pyrroles to structurally diverse 3-fluorinated quinolines and pyridines. This straightforward protocol requires only a short reaction time of ten minutes and can be performed under air atmosphere. Preliminary investigations reveal that this strategy can also be applied to the synthesis of other valuable azines by using different 1,1-dibromoalkanes as bromocarbene sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shiqin Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Reinus B, Kerwin SM. Preparation and Utility of N-Alkynyl Azoles in Synthesis. Molecules 2019; 24:E422. [PMID: 30682796 PMCID: PMC6384649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroatom-substituted alkynes have attracted a significant amount of interest in the synthetic community due to the polarized nature of these alkynes and their utility in a wide range of reactions. One specific class of heteroatom-substituted alkynes combines this utility with the presence of an azole moiety. These N-alkynyl azoles have been known for nearly 50 years, but recently there has been a tremendous increase in the number of reports detailing the synthesis and utility of this class of compound. While much of the chemistry of N-alkynyl azoles mirrors that of the more extensively studied N-alkynyl amides (ynamides), there are notable exceptions. In addition, as azoles are extremely common in natural products and pharmaceuticals, these N-alkynyl azoles have high potential for accessing biologically important compounds. In this review, the literature reports of N-alkynyl azole synthesis, reactions, and uses have been assembled. Collectively, these reports demonstrate the growth in this area and the promise of exploiting N-alkynyl azoles in synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Reinus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Sean M Kerwin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
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Sobenina LN, Tomilin DN, Sagitova EF, Ushakov IA, Trofimov BA. Transition-Metal-Free, Atom- and Step-Economic Synthesis of Aminoketopyrrolizines from Benzylamine, Acylethynylpyrroles, and Acylacetylenes. Org Lett 2017; 19:1586-1589. [PMID: 28322568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A concise, atom-economic strategy for the synthesis of pyrrolizines with amino and keto substituents has been developed. It includes the following key steps: (i) the base-catalyzed (K3PO4/DMSO) addition of a benzylamine to 2-acylethynylpyrroles and (ii) noncatalyzed addition of enaminones obtained to the triple bond of acylacetylenes followed by intramolecular cyclization of the intermediate pentadiendiones thus formed to the target 1-(benzylamino)-2-acyl-3-methylenoacylpyrrolizines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov' N Sobenina
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1 Favorsky Str, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Denis N Tomilin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1 Favorsky Str, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena F Sagitova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1 Favorsky Str, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Igor' A Ushakov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1 Favorsky Str, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Boris A Trofimov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1 Favorsky Str, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
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Liu H, Feng F, Guo Y, Ma Q, Lu Z, Zhao Q, Song J, Wang K. Ultrasound-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of the Fully Functionalized N,Nʹ-(1,3-Propane)bispyrroles. HETEROCYCLES 2017. [DOI: 10.3987/com-17-13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Liu T, Shi L, Zhang G. CH2Cl2 as reagent in the synthesis of methylene-bridged 3,3′-bis(oxazolidin-2-one) derivatives under ambient conditions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Johnston KA, McNab H. Synthesis and properties of 5,6-dihydrodipyrrolo[1,2-d;2′,1′-g][1,4]diazepin-11-one. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b906802n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schärer JC, Etienne R, Burger U. The Synthesis and Protonation of 1,1-Di(1-pyrrolyl)alkenes. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19850680823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Burger U, Bringhen AO, Wirthner PJ, Schärer JC. Formation of the 5-Azoniafulvene Ion and its Benzo-annellated Analogue from N-MannichBases of Pyrrole and Indole. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19850680822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Terenin VI, Ruchkina EL, Karapetyan KV, Mamaev VM, Bundel' YG. Dipyrrolo[1,2-a; 2',1'-c]pyrazines. 2. Electrophilic substitution in dipyrrolo[1,2-a; 2?,1?-c]pyrazines: protonation, trifluoroacetylation, acetylation. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01168632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Timmermann R, Mattes R, Franck B. Biomimetische Synthese eines zweifachN,N′ - undN,″N‴-überbrückten Porphyrinogens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19870990119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Christl M, Freund S. Substituierte Benzobenzvalene und Diazabenzobenzvalene – Synthesen aus Diels-Alder-Addukten des Benzvalens und NMR-Spektroskopie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19851180315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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