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Schröder HV, Schalley CA. Tetrathiafulvalene - a redox-switchable building block to control motion in mechanically interlocked molecules. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2163-2185. [PMID: 30202469 PMCID: PMC6122308 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rise of artificial molecular machines, control of motion on the nanoscale has become a major contemporary research challenge. Tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) are one of the most versatile and widely used molecular redox switches to generate and control molecular motion. TTF can easily be implemented as functional unit into molecular and supramolecular structures and can be reversibly oxidized to a stable radical cation or dication. For over 20 years, TTFs have been key building blocks for the construction of redox-switchable mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) and their electrochemical operation has been thoroughly investigated. In this review, we provide an introduction into the field of TTF-based MIMs and their applications. A brief historical overview and a selection of important examples from the past until now are given. Furthermore, we will highlight our latest research on TTF-based rotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik V Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Kanibolotsky AL, Findlay NJ, Skabara PJ. Polythiophene and oligothiophene systems modified by TTF electroactive units for organic electronics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1749-66. [PMID: 26664595 PMCID: PMC4660975 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to give an update on current progress in the synthesis, properties and applications of thiophene-based conjugated systems bearing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units. We focus mostly on the synthesis of poly- and oligothiophenes with TTF moieties fused to the thiophene units of the conjugated backbone either directly or via a dithiin ring. The electrochemical behaviour of these materials and structure-property relationships are discussed. The study is directed towards the development of a new type of organic semiconductors based on these hybrid materials for application in organic field effect transistors and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom ; Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, 02160 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Neil J Findlay
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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Zhang YC, Zhou Y, Li ZT, Zhang DW. Stacking of hydrazone-bridged linear tetrathiafulvalene radical cations. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Zheng N, Li B, Ma C, Chen T, Kan Y, Yin B. The pyridazine–tetrathiafulvalene conjugates: synthesis, photophysical, and electrochemical properties. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sallé M, Canevet D, Balandier JY, Lyskawa J, Trippé G, Goeb S, Le Derf F. Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Architectures: From Guests Recognition to Self-Assembly. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2010.543099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sallé
- a Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200 , Université d’Angers , Angers, France
| | - David Canevet
- a Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200 , Université d’Angers , Angers, France
| | - Jean-Yves Balandier
- a Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200 , Université d’Angers , Angers, France
| | - Joël Lyskawa
- a Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200 , Université d’Angers , Angers, France
| | - Gaëlle Trippé
- a Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200 , Université d’Angers , Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Goeb
- a Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200 , Université d’Angers , Angers, France
| | - Franck Le Derf
- a Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200 , Université d’Angers , Angers, France
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Balandier JY, Chas M, Goeb S, Dron PI, Rondeau D, Belyasmine A, Gallego N, Sallé M. A self-assembled bis(pyrrolo)tetrathiafulvalene-based redox active square. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00545b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Tetrathiafulvalene hydrazone: efficient synthon for the synthesis of novel bidentate redox active ligands. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Balandier JY, Chas M, Dron PI, Goeb S, Canevet D, Belyasmine A, Allain M, Sallé M. N-Aryl Pyrrolo-tetrathiafulvalene Based Ligands: Synthesis and Metal Coordination. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1589-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Balandier
- Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers, MOLTECH ANJOU, UMR CNRS 6200, Université d’Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Marcos Chas
- Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers, MOLTECH ANJOU, UMR CNRS 6200, Université d’Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Paul I. Dron
- Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers, MOLTECH ANJOU, UMR CNRS 6200, Université d’Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Goeb
- Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers, MOLTECH ANJOU, UMR CNRS 6200, Université d’Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - David Canevet
- Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers, MOLTECH ANJOU, UMR CNRS 6200, Université d’Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Ahmed Belyasmine
- Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers, MOLTECH ANJOU, UMR CNRS 6200, Université d’Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Magali Allain
- Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers, MOLTECH ANJOU, UMR CNRS 6200, Université d’Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Marc Sallé
- Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers, MOLTECH ANJOU, UMR CNRS 6200, Université d’Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
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Balandier JY, Belyasmine A, Sallé M. Tetrathiafulvalene–Imine–Pyridine Assemblies for Pb2+ Recognition. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bellec N, Lerouge F, Jeannin O, Cerveau G, Corriu RJ, Lorcy D. Auto-organization modulation of tetrasubstituted tetrathiafulvalenes (TTF) in silica based hybrid materials. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Perruchas S, Boubekeur K, Molinié P. Radical cation salts of TTF(CH2OH)4 with cyanide anions: Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of [TTF(CH2OH)4][TCNQF4] and [TTF(CH2OH)4]3[18-crown-6⊂K][M(CN)6]·DMF (M=Fe, Co). Polyhedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Sarhan AEWA. Synthesis and applications of tetrathiafulvalenes and ferrocene-tetrathiafulvalenes and related compounds. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Abdel-Mottaleb MMS, Gomar-Nadal E, Surin M, Uji-i H, Mamdouh W, Veciana J, Lemaur V, Rovira C, Cornil J, Lazzaroni R, Amabilino DB, De Feyter S, De Schryver FC. Self-assembly of tetrathiafulvalene derivatives at a liquid/solid interface—compositional and constitutional influence on supramolecular ordering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b509336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Gorgues A, Hudhomme P, Sallé M. Highly Functionalized Tetrathiafulvalenes: Riding along the Synthetic Trail from Electrophilic Alkynes. Chem Rev 2004; 104:5151-84. [PMID: 15535646 DOI: 10.1021/cr0306485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gorgues
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers, UMR CNRS 6200, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France.
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Fabre JM. Synthesis Strategies and Chemistry of Nonsymmetrically Substituted Tetrachalcogenafulvalenes. Chem Rev 2004; 104:5133-50. [PMID: 15535645 DOI: 10.1021/cr0306440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Fabre
- Laboratoire de chimie organique: Hétérochimie et matériaux organiques, UMR 5076, ENSCM, 8 rue de l'école normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Gautier N, Samuel R, Sahin Y, Levillain E, Leroy-Lhez S, Hudhomme P. Oligomeric Tetrathiafulvalenes: A New Route toward Conjugated TTF Dimers and Trimers. Org Lett 2004; 6:1569-72. [PMID: 15128238 DOI: 10.1021/ol049620l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of bis-TTF 1 and tris-TTF 2, linked by an ethenyl spacer, is described using new useful Wittig-type reagents with the introduction of phosphonate functionality on 1,3-dithiole and TTF frameworks. Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies show intramolecular electronic interactions between conjugated TTF units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gautier
- Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers, UMR CNRS 6200, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
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17
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Frère P, Gallego-Planas N, Blanchard P, Mabon G, Rondeau D. Access to 3,4-furan dithiolate: towards 3,4-dialkylsulfanylfurans and their Diels–Alder adducts with acrylonitrile. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Hudhomme P, Le Moustarder S, Durand C, Gallego-Planas N, Mercier N, Blanchard P, Levillain E, Allain M, Gorgues A, Riou A. S-position isomers of BEDT-TTF and EDT-TTF: synthesis and influence of outer sulfur atoms on the electrochemical properties and crystallographic network of related organic metals. Chemistry 2001; 7:5070-83. [PMID: 11775680 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20011203)7:23<5070::aid-chem5070>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of new modified tetrathiafulvalenes (TTF), the S-position isomers of BEDT-TTF and EDT-TTF, are described. The synthetic strategy presented in this work is based on an efficient and unprecedented two-step sequence for the conversion of a vicinal bis(hydroxymethyl) functionality into a disulfide ring. Different routes are discussed in terms of efficiency for the synthesis of the symmetric S-position isomer of BEDT-TTF and that of EDT-TTF. Their electrochemical properties are combined with data obtained from UV/Vis spectroscopy and orbital calculations, and the electronic influence of peripheral sulfur atoms on the neutral and oxidized species is discussed. The introduction of these outer sulfur atoms at the periphery of the TTF core gives rise to specific intermolecular S...S interactions in the corresponding organic materials. Crystallographic studies of radical cation salts synthesized upon electrocrystallization clearly showed that the network obtained is dictated by the outer sulfur atoms, which are responsible for a characteristic and unprecedented "windmill" array.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hudhomme
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux Organiques, UMR 6501 Université d'Angers, France.
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Terkia-Derdra N, Andreu R, Sallé M, Levillain E, Orduna J, Garín J, Ortí E, Viruela R, Pou-Amérigo R, Sahraoui B, Gorgues A, Favard JF, Riou A. π Conjugation Across the Tetrathiafulvalene Core: Synthesis of Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives and Theoretical Analysis of their Unusual Electrochemical Properties. Chemistry 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(20000403)6:7<1199::aid-chem1199>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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New versatile building blocks in tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) chemistry: 2,3-bis(bromomethyl) and tetrakis(bromomethyl)TTFs. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Andreu R, Garín J, Orduna J, Barberá J, Serrano J, Sierra T, Sallé M, Gorgues A. The first discotic liquid crystal with a tetrathiafulvalene central core. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Solooki D, Parker TC, Khan SI, Rubin Y. Synthesis and redox properties of tetraethynyl tetrathiafulvalenes. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Siqot Y, Frère P, Nozdryn T, Cousseau J, Sallé M, Jubault M, Orduna J, Garín J, Gorgues A. Synthesis and electrochemical properties of fused [3,4]furano-tetrathiafulvalenes. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schukat G, Fanghänel E. Synthesis, Reactions, and Selected Physico-Chemical Properties of 1,3- and 1,2-Tetrachalcogenafulvalenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/01961779608047896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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The Reactivity of Tetrathia- and Tetraselenafulvalenes**Dedicated to Professors Enrique Meléndez and Rafael Usón, for their encouraging support well demonstrated trust in the author over the years. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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26
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Andreu R, Garín J, Orduna J, Savirón M, Cousseau J, Gorgues A, Morisson V, Nozdryn T, Becher J, Clausen RP, Bryce MR, Skabara PJ, Dehaen W. The synthesis of 4,4′(5′)-diformyltetrathiafulvalene. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)88478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gorgues A, Jubault M, Belyasmine A, Salle M, Frere P, Morisson V, Gouriou Y. New Derivatives of Tetrathiafulvalenes (TTF): Towards Organic Metals of Enhanced Dimensionality. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509408034210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Sallé M, Moore AJ, Bryce MR, Jubault M. New, extensively-conjugated π-electron donors combining both tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 2,2′-ethanediylidene-bis-(1,3-dithiole) units: Synthesis and solution electrochemistry. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)60157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Schukat G, Fanghänel E. Synthesis, Reactions, and Selected Physico-Chemical Properties of 1,3- and 1,2-Tetrachalcogenafulvalenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/01961779308055019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Salle M, Frere P, Gorgues A, Jubault M. Aldehyde Functionalization in the Tetrathiafulvalene Series: Towards New Highly Dimensional Organic Materials Derived from Sulfur-Rich Extended π-Donors. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509308038170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Fangh�nel E, van Hinh L, Schukat G. Tetrathiafulvalene. XXVII [1] Darstellung und Eigenschaften cis- und trans-isomerer Dihydrophenanthreno-Tetrathiafulvalene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/prac.19933350705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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