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Wang Y, Gui J. Bioinspired Skeletal Reorganization Approach for the Synthesis of Steroid Natural Products. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 38301249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusSteroids, termed "keys to life" by Rupert Witzmann, have a wide variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antishock, immunosuppressive, stress-response-enhancing, and antifertility activities, and steroid research has made great contributions to drug discovery and development. According to a chart compiled by the Njardarson group at the University of Arizona, 15 of the top 200 small-molecule drugs (by retail sales in 2022) are steroid-related compounds. Therefore, synthetic and medicinal chemists have long pursued the chemical synthesis of steroid natural products (SNPs) with diverse architectures, and vital progress has been achieved, especially in the twentieth century. In fact, several chemists have been rewarded with a Nobel Prize for original contributions to the isolation of steroids, the elucidation of their structures and biosynthetic pathways, and their chemical synthesis. However, in contrast to classical steroids, which have a 6/6/6/5-tetracyclic framework, rearranged steroids (i.e., abeo-steroids and secosteroids), which are derived from classical steroids by reorganization of one or more C-C bonds of the tetracyclic skeleton, have started to gain attention from the synthetic community only in the last two decades. These unique rearranged steroids have complex frameworks with high oxidation states, are rich in stereogenic centers, and have attractive biological activities, rendering them popular yet formidable synthetic targets.Our group has a strong interest in the efficient synthesis of SNPs and, drawing inspiration from nature, we have found that bioinspired skeletal reorganization (BSR) is an efficient strategy for synthesizing challenging rearranged steroids. Using this strategy, we recently achieved concise syntheses of five different kinds of SNPs (cyclocitrinols, propindilactone G, bufospirostenin A, pinnigorgiol B, and sarocladione) with considerably rearranged skeletons; our work also enabled us to reassign the originally proposed structure of sarocladione. In this Account, we summarize the proposed biosyntheses of these SNPs and describe our BSR approach for the rapid construction of their core frameworks. In the work described herein, information gleaned from the proposed biosyntheses allowed us to develop routes for chemical synthesis. However, in several cases, the synthetic precursors that we used for our BSR approach differed substantially from the intermediates in the proposed biosyntheses, indicating the considerable challenges we encountered during this synthetic campaign. It is worth mentioning that during our pursuit of concise and scalable syntheses of these natural products, we developed two methods for accessing synthetically challenging targets: a method for rapid construction of bridged-ring molecules by means of point-to-planar chirality transfer and a method for efficient construction of macrocyclic molecules via a novel ruthenium-catalyzed endoperoxide fragmentation. Our syntheses vividly demonstrate that consideration of natural product biosynthesis can greatly facilitate chemical synthesis, and we expect that the BSR approach will find additional applications in the efficient syntheses of other structurally complex steroid and terpenoid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinghan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Yang P, Li YY, Tian H, Qian GL, Wang Y, Hong X, Gui J. Syntheses of Bufospirostenin A and Ophiopogonol A by a Conformation-Controlled Transannular Prins Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17769-17775. [PMID: 36125970 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the conformation of medium-sized rings is challenging because of their flexibility and ring strain effects. Herein, we report non-Curtin-Hammett conditions for the precise control of the conformation of cyclodecenones to effect the first cis-selective transannular Prins cyclization, which enabled concise syntheses of the 5(10→1)abeo-steroids bufospirostenin A and ophiopogonol A in only seven steps from inexpensive starting materials. Computational results indicated that the key cyclization was kinetically controlled and proceeded via either a Prins pathway or a carbonyl-ene pathway, depending on the reaction conditions. Moreover, conformational isomerization played a critical role in determining the stereochemistry of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peicheng Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Yu Li
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hailong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gan-Lu Qian
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, Beijing 100190, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinghan Gui
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Riehl PS, Nasrallah DJ, Schindler CS. Catalytic, transannular carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10267-10274. [PMID: 32110312 PMCID: PMC6979496 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03716k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transannular carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions complement existing procedures for related ring-closing, ring-opening, and intermolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis. We herein report the development and mechanistic investigation of FeCl3-catalyzed transannular carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions that proceed via a distinct reaction path compared to previously reported ring-closing and ring-opening protocols. Specifically, carbonyl-ene and carbonyl-olefin metathesis reaction pathways are competing under FeCl3-catalysis to ultimately favor metathesis as the thermodynamic product. Importantly, we show that distinct Lewis acid catalysts are able to distinguish between these pathways to enable the selective formation of either transannular carbonyl-ene or carbonyl-olefin metathesis products. These insights are expected to enable further advances in catalyst design to efficiently differentiate between these two competing reaction paths of carbonyl and olefin functionalities to further expand the synthetic generality of carbonyl-olefin metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Riehl
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , USA .
| | - Daniel J Nasrallah
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , USA .
| | - Corinna S Schindler
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , USA .
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Acid-catalyzed and photolytic reactivity of some unsaturated B-nor-5, 10-secosteroidal ketones. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2003. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0305303b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The acid-catalyzed reaction of (Z)- and (E)-B-nor-5,10-seco-ketones 2 and 3 resulted in an intramolecular cyclization to give the 5-hydroxy-A-nor-1?,5?-10(19)-methylidene derivative 8, the 5?-hydroxy-A-nor-1(10)-unsaturated compound 9 and the 5?,10?-dihydroxy A-nor-product 10, from the (Z)-isomer and the 5-hydroxy-A-nor-1?,5?-10(19)-methylidene product 11, from the (E)-isomer. Upon UV-irradiation, the (Z)- and (E)-seco-ketones 2 and 3 underwent a reversible (Z)/(E) and (E)/(Z)-isomerization and in addition to a transannular photocyclization to afford the 10(19)-methylidene derivatives 8 and 11, respectively, while photolysis of the 10(19)-methylidene-B-nor-5,10-seco-ketone 4 gave the oxetane derivative 12.
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Barriault L, Deon DH. Total synthesis of (+)-arteanniun M using the tandem oxy-Cope/ene reaction. Org Lett 2001; 3:1925-7. [PMID: 11405746 DOI: 10.1021/ol015970l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[see reaction]. The first total synthesis of (+)-arteannuin M was accomplished using the tandem oxy-Cope/transannular ene reaction as the key step to construct the bicyclic core of the natural product. The tandem reaction proceeded with high diastereo- and enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barriault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5.
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Janardhanam S, Devan B, Rajagopalan K. Ring enlargement-annulation via thermal oxy-Cope rearrangement. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)61695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fuhrer H, Lorenc L, Pavlovi? V, Rihs G, Rist G, Kalvoda J, Mihailovi? ML. Conformations of the Ten-membered Ring in 5, 10-Secosteroids. III: (Z)-3?- and (Z)-3?-Hydroxy-5, 10-seco-1 (10)-cholesten-5-one Esters and (Z)-5, 10-seco-1 (10)-Cholestene-3, 5-dione. Helv Chim Acta 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19810640312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fuhrer H, Lorenc L, Pavlovi? V, Rihs G, Rist G, Kalvoda J, Mihailovi? ML. Conformations of the 10-membered Ring in 5, 10-Secosteroids. II. (E)-3?-Acetoxy-5, 10-seco-1 (10)-cholesten-5-one and (E)-5, 10-seco-1 (10)-cholestene-3, 5-dione. Helv Chim Acta 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19790620610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lorenc L, Gašić M, Dabović M, Vuletić N, Lj. Mihailović M. Structure-reactivity relationship in the solvolysis of 5,10-secosteroidal 5-p-nitrobenzoates. Tetrahedron 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)93762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Mez HC, Rist G, Kalvoda J, Ermer O, Lorenc L, Mihailovi? ML. Conformations of the ten-membered ring in 5,10-secosteroids I. X-ray and NMR. Analysis of (E)-3 ?-hydroxy-5,10-seco-1(10)-cholesten-5-one esters. Helv Chim Acta 1976. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19760590430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mihailović M, Lorenc L, Maksimović Z, Kalvoda J. Synthesis, structure and reactions of seco-steroids containing a medium-sized ring—IX. Tetrahedron 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(73)80187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mihailović ML, Lorenc L, Popov N, Kalvoda J. [Synthesis, structure and reactions of secosteroids with a central ring. V. Photochemical cyclization of cis- and trans-3 -acetoxy-5-oxo- 1(10)-5,10-secocholestaen]. Helv Chim Acta 1971; 54:2281-7. [PMID: 5160810 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19710540766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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