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Panigrahi S, Biswal SP, Misra PK. Disclosure of the solvatochromism and the reversal switch in some tailor-made electron push-push anils. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kang Y, Richers MT, Sawicki CH, Seidel D. C-H functionalization of cyclic amines: redox-annulations with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:10648-51. [PMID: 26051897 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic amines such as pyrrolidine and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline undergo redox-annulations with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acid promoted generation of a conjugated azomethine ylide is followed by 6π-electrocylization, and, in some cases, tautomerization. The resulting ring-fused pyrrolines are readily oxidized to the corresponding pyrroles or reduced to pyrrolidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungKu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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Nair V, Deepthi A, Ashok D, Raveendran AE, Paul RR. 1,4-Dipolar cycloadditions and related reactions. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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van Eijk PJSS, Overkempe C, Trompenaars WP, Reinhoudt DN, Harkema S. The (apparently disrotatory) thermal ring opening of 4-nitro-1-cyclobuten-1 -amines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19881070203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Egberink RJM, Verboom W, Benders PH, Reinhoudt DN, Harkema S. Amine catalyzed ring opening of (2 + 2) cycloadducts derived from enamines of cyclic ketones and methyl propynoate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19881070506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Verboom W, Reinhoudt DN. “Tert-amino effect” in heterocyclic synthesis. Ring closure reactions of N,N-dialkyl-1,3-dien-1-amines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19901090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reinhoudt DN. Thiepins and benzothiepins; the conquest of elusive sulfur heterocycles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19821010901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Verboom W, Verboom C, Eissink IM, Lammerink BHM, Reinhoudt DN. “Tert-amino effect” in heterocyclic synthesis. Synthesis of thieno[3,2-e]indolizines and thieno[2,3-c]quinolizines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19901090907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nijhuis WHN, Leus GRB, Egberink RJM, Verboom W, Reinhoudt DN. The “tert-amino effect” in heterocyclic chemistry: Synthesis of tetra- and pentacyclic compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19891080503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Uzgoren-Baran A, Tunoglu N, Okay G. Synthesis of Various 2,8-Cyclooctadiene-1,2-dicarboxylates. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00304941003680269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Augusto J, Rodriguez R, Verardo LI. Cycloaddition of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to indoles. Isolation of a [2 + 2] adduct. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570200523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Alajarín M, Cabrera J, Pastor A, Sanchez-Andrada P, Bautista D. On the [2+2] Cycloaddition of 2-Aminothiazoles and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate. Experimental and Computational Evidence of a Thermal Disrotatory Ring Opening of Fused Cyclobutenes. J Org Chem 2006; 71:5328-39. [PMID: 16808523 DOI: 10.1021/jo060664c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 2-(phenylamino)- and 2-(dimethylamino)thiazoles with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate led unexpectedly to dimethyl 6-(phenylamino)- and 6-(dimethylamino)-3,4-pyridinedicarboxylates. Those compounds reasonably result from a sequence of reactions initiated by a [2 + 2] cycloaddition of the alkyne to the formal C=C of the thiazole ring. These pyridines were obtained in nearly all the cases assayed as the exclusive reaction products under rather mild conditions and in fair to good yields. In contrast, the regioisomeric 2-amino-3,4-pyridinedicarboxylates, which would result from a [4 + 2] cycloaddition followed by sulfur extrusion, were only obtained in one particular case. The two reaction paths leading alternatively to both regioisomers were investigated computationally. The respective [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloadducts were found to be formed stepwise from a common dipolar intermediate. Notably, the step following the [2 + 2] cycloaddition (i.e., the ring opening of the fused cyclobutene intermediate to give an all-cis 1,3-thiazepine) was found to take place in a disrotatory mode. Although geometric constraints and electronic factors may reduce the energy for the disrotation, the implication of the fused five-membered ring in the electronic reorganization leading to the 1,3-thiazepine is determinant. In this sense, this step could be regarded also as a thermally allowed six-electron five-center disrotatory electrocyclic ring opening. The proposed mechanism was experimentally supported by the isolation of several intermediates and other experimental facts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Alajarín
- Departamento de Química Organica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Synthesis, molecular structure and reactivity of 5-methylidene-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolines. Molecules 2004; 9:86-101. [PMID: 18007413 DOI: 10.3390/90300086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of novel 5-methylidene-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro[2,1-b]-quinazoline derivatives 2-4 with potential biological activities mediated by alpha-adrenergic and/or imidazoline receptors was performed by reacting 2-chloro-4,5-dihydroimidazole (1) with the corresponding 2-aminoacetophenones. Compound 2, which incorporates an enamine moiety, underwent a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with the appropriate nitrones 5-9 to give 1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-imidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-5,5'-spiro-2',3'-diphenylisoxazol-idines 10-14. Reactions of the title compounds 2 and 4 with dimethyl acetylene-dicarboxylate (DMAD) afforded dimethyl 2-(2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-5(1H)-ylidenemethyl)but-2-enedioates 15, 16. Imidazo[2,1-b]quinazoline 2 was further treated with acetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride and mesyl chloride to give the 1-substituted derivatives 17, 18 and 19, respectively. The structures of all new compounds obtained were confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR) as well asX-ray crystallographic analysis of 3 and 18.
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Tunoglu N, Okay G. [2+2] CYCLOADDITIONS OF BENZOFURAN-3(2H)-ONE ENAMINES WITH DIMETHYL ACETYLENEDICARBOXYLATE. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940009355957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Aumann R, Kößmeier M, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Zippel F. Uncovering Reaction Pathways of 1-Aminocyclohexenes with [(1-Alkynyl)carbene]tungsten Complexes Leading to Cyclopentadienes and Dihydropyrroles. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200001)2000:1<37::aid-ejoc37>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Granik VG, Makarov VA, Párkányi C. Enamines as Synthons in the Synthesis of Heterocycles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 72 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Tunoglu N, Uludag N. [2+2] CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF ENAMINES WITH ELECTRON-DEFICIENT ACETYLENES. ORG PREP PROCED INT 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/00304949709355230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Meth-Cohn O. The t-Amino Effect: Heterocycles Formed by Ring Closure of ortho-Substituted t-Anilines**Dedicated to my evergreen friend and mentor, Professor Hans Suschitzky, on his 80th birthday. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Lallemand MC, Chiadmi M, Tomas A, Kunesch N, Husson HP. Asymmetric synthesis. XXXVI1. Synthesis of tetrahydroazocines by [2+2] thermal cycloaddition to latent 1,4-dihydropyridines. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)00179-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Meth-Cohn O, Taylor DL. Vilsmeier formylation of para-substituted tert-anilines results in dibenzo[1,5]diazocines or quinazolinium salts: a remarkable example of the ‘t-amino effect’. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/c39950001463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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de Ancos B, Maestro M, Martín M, Mateo AI. Reactions of pyrrolidine enamines of cyclic and acyclic 3,4-dioxobutanoic acid Derivatives with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. A new case of atropoisomerism. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Cycloadditionen und iterative Cycloadditionen mit akzeptorsubstituierten Cyclopropylalkinen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19861191210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Novel applications of the “t-amino effect” in heterocyclic chemistry; synthesis of 1-alkylindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)90103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Visser G, Verboom W, Trompenaars W, Reihoudt D. On the mechanism of the reaction of enamines and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) in polar and apolar solvents. Tetrahedron Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)87064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Verboom W, Visser G, Reinhoudt D. Chemistry of pyrrolizines; reactions with cyanogen bromide and trifluoroacetic anhydride. Tetrahedron 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(82)80259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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