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Shimada N, Fukuhara K, Urata S, Makino K. Total syntheses of seminolipid and its analogues by using 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid as protective reagent. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7325-7329. [PMID: 31353379 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A concise total synthesis of seminolipid, a sulfoglycolipid, has been achieved; key features include regioselective, tin-free sulfation of allyl β-d-galactopyranoside using 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid as protective reagent, stereoselective epoxidation, and site-selective acylation. The utility of this divergent synthetic approach to introduce 2,2,2-trichloroethyl-protected sulfate group at an early stage without toxic and environmentally unfavorable tin reagents was demonstrated by the syntheses of three seminolipid analogues with different side-chains from the common intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Shimada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minatao-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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2
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Stefaniu C, Ries A, Gutowski O, Ruett U, Seeberger PH, Werz DB, Brezesinski G. Impact of Structural Differences in Galactocerebrosides on the Behavior of 2D Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2436-2444. [PMID: 26907993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular interactions of three biologically important galactocerebrosides have been studied in monolayers formed at the soft air/water interface as 2D model membranes. Highly surface-sensitive techniques as GIXD (grazing incidence X-ray diffraction), IRRAS (infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy), and BAM (Brewster angle microscopy) have been used. The study reveals that small differences in the chemical structure have a relevant impact on the physical-chemical properties and intermolecular interactions. The presence of a 2-d-hydroxyl group in the fatty acid favored for GalCer C24:0 (2-OH) monolayers a higher hydration state of the headgroup at low lateral pressures (<25 mN/m) and a higher condensation effect above 30 mN/m. An opposite behavior was recorded for GalCer C24:0 and GalCer C24:1, for which the intermolecular interactions are defined by the weakly hydrated but strong H-bonded interconnected head groups. Additionally, the 15-cis-double bond in the fatty acid chain (nervonic acid) of GalCer C24:1 stabilized the LE phase but did not disturb the packing parameters of the LC phase as compared with the saturated compound GalCer C24:0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Stefaniu
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Science Park Potsdam-Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annika Ries
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olof Gutowski
- DESY , Forschungsbereich FS, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uta Ruett
- DESY , Forschungsbereich FS, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Science Park Potsdam-Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin , Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig , Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Science Park Potsdam-Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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3
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El-Dahshan A, Al-Gharabli SI, Radetzki S, Al-Tel TH, Kumar P, Rademann J. Flexible, polymer-supported synthesis of sphingosine derivatives provides ceramides with enhanced biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5506-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Di Benedetto R, Zanetti L, Varese M, Rajabi M, Di Brisco R, Panza L. Protected sphingosine from phytosphingosine as an efficient acceptor in glycosylation reaction. Org Lett 2014; 16:952-5. [PMID: 24428384 DOI: 10.1021/ol403688t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A convenient, simple, and high-yielding five-step synthesis of a sphingosine acceptor from phytosphingosine is reported, and its behavior in glycosylation reactions is described. Different synthetic paths to sphingosine acceptors using tetrachlorophthalimide as a protecting group for the sphingosine amino function and different glycosylation methods have been explored. Among the acceptors tested, the easiest accessible acceptor, unprotected on the two hydroxyl groups in positions 1 and 3, was regioselectively glycosylated on the primary position, the regioselectivity depending on the donor used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Di Benedetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro , L.go Donegani, 2-28100 Novara, Italy
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5
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Devi TJ, Saikia B, Barua NC. A stereocontrolled route to d-ribo-phytosphingosine and sphinganine from an achiral secondary homoallylic alcohol using Sharpless kinetic resolution. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Bielitza M, Pietruszka J. Synthesis of 8-Desmethoxy Psymberin: A Putative Biosynthetic Intermediate Towards the Marine Polyketide Psymberin. Chemistry 2013; 19:8300-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Compostella F, Panza L, Ronchetti F. The mammalian sulfated glycolipid sulfatide: Synthesis and biological implications. CR CHIM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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8
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Kumar G, Kaur S, Singh V. Efficient Synthesis of a Styryl Analogue of (2S,3R,4E)-N2-Octadecanoyl-4-tetradecasphingenine via Cross-Metathesis Reaction. Helv Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Abstract
In the same way that peptide antigens are presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, glycolipid antigens can also activate the immune response via binding to CD1 proteins on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and stimulate CD1-restricted T cells. In humans, there are five members of the CD1 family, termed CD1a–e, of which CD1a–d are involved in glycolipid presentation at the cell surface, while CD1e is involved in the intracellular trafficking of glycolipid antigens. Both endogenous (self-derived) and exogenous (non-self-derived) glycolipids have been shown to bind to members of the CD1 family with varying degrees of specificity. In this paper we focus on the key glycolipids that bind to the different members of the CD1 family.
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Kumar P, Dubey A, Puranik VG. A general and concise asymmetric synthesis of sphingosine, safingol and phytosphingosines via tethered aminohydroxylation. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5074-86. [PMID: 20844791 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
A novel, practical and efficient enantioselective synthesis of sphingoid bases, l-threo-[2S,3S]-sphinganine (safingol), l-threo-[2S,3S]-sphingosine, l-arabino-[2R,3S,4R] and l-xylo-[2R,3S,4S]-C(18)-phytosphingosine is described. The synthetic strategy features the Sharpless kinetic resolution and tethered aminohydroxylation (TA) as the key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
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11
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Cernadas M, Cavallari M, Watts G, Mori L, De Libero G, Brenner MB. Early recycling compartment trafficking of CD1a is essential for its intersection and presentation of lipid antigens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:1235-41. [PMID: 20026739 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A major step in understanding differences in the nature of Ag presentation was the realization that MHC class I samples peptides transported to the endoplasmic reticulum from the cytosol, whereas MHC class II samples peptides from lysosomes. In contrast to MHC class I and II molecules that present protein Ags, CD1 molecules present lipid Ags for recognition by specific T cells. Each of the five members of the CD1 family (CD1a-e) localizes to a distinct subcompartment of endosomes. Accordingly, it has been widely assumed that the distinct trafficking of CD1 isoforms must also have evolved to enable them to sample lipid Ags that traffic via different routes. Among the CD1 isoforms, CD1a is unusual because it does not have a tyrosine-based cytoplasmic sorting motif and uniquely localizes to the early endocytic recycling compartment. This led us to predict that CD1a might have evolved to focus on lipids that localize to early endocytic/recycling compartments. Strikingly, we found that the glycolipid Ag sulfatide also localized almost exclusively to early endocytic and recycling compartments. Consistent with colocalization of CD1a and sulfatide, wild-type CD1a molecules efficiently presented sulfatide to CD1a-restricted, sulfatide-specific T cells. In contrast, CD1a:CD1b tail chimeras, that retain the same Ag-binding capacity as CD1a but traffic based on the cytoplasmic tail of CD1b to lysosomes, failed to present sulfatide efficiently. Thus, the intracellular trafficking route of CD1a is essential for efficient presentation of lipid Ags that traffic through the early endocytic and recycling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cernadas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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De Libero G, Collmann A, Mori L. The cellular and biochemical rules of lipid antigen presentation. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:2648-56. [PMID: 19728312 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of both protein and lipid antigens follows similar strategies that rely on different molecular mechanisms. APC present lipid antigens exploiting the same mechanisms implicated in lipid translocation, lipoprotein assembly and lipid degradation. An important issue is how the lipid structure contributes to antigenicity. Lipid hydrophobicity influences the modes of internalization by APC, the trafficking through different membrane compartments, the binding to CD1 molecules and the stability of antigenic complexes. Some glycolipids with large hydrophilic parts require processing of the sugar moieties exerted by lysosomal hydrolases. Finally, extraction of lipids from membranes, their solubilization and loading on CD1 molecules are facilitated by the same lysosomal lipid-binding proteins that are also instrumental in lipid catabolism. More recent investigations reveal how lipid-specific immunity is regulated during infections. In this review we describe the main cellular and biochemical rules of lipid antigen presentation and discuss their implications in anti-microbial and autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro De Libero
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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13
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Llaveria J, Díaz Y, Matheu MI, Castillón S. An efficient and general enantioselective synthesis of sphingosine, phythosphingosine, and 4-substituted derivatives. Org Lett 2009; 11:205-8. [PMID: 19053731 DOI: 10.1021/ol802379b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient protocol for the enantioselective synthesis of sphingosine, phythosphingosine, and 4-substituted derivatives was established. These compounds were obtained from a common intermediate prepared from butadiene monoepoxide by a synthetic sequence involving enantioselective allylic substitution, cross-metathesis, and dihydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Llaveria
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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14
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Barral DC, Cavallari M, McCormick PJ, Garg S, Magee AI, Bonifacino JS, De Libero G, Brenner MB. CD1a and MHC class I follow a similar endocytic recycling pathway. Traffic 2008; 9:1446-57. [PMID: 18564371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD1 proteins are a family of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like antigen-presenting molecules that present lipids to T cells. The cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of all human CD1 isoforms, with the exception of CD1a, contain tyrosine-based sorting motifs, responsible for the internalization of proteins by the clathrin-mediated pathway. The role of the CD1a CT, which does not possess any sorting motifs, as well as its mode of internalization are not known. We investigated the internalization and recycling pathways followed by CD1a and the role of its CT. We found that CD1a can be internalized by a clathrin- and dynamin-independent pathway and that it follows a Rab22a- and ADP ribosylation factor (ARF)6-dependent recycling pathway, similar to other cargo internalized independent of clathrin. We also found that the CD1a CT is S-acylated. However, this posttranslational modification does not determine the rate of internalization or recycling of the protein or its localization to detergent-resistant membrane microdomains (DRMs) where we found CD1a to be enriched. We also show that plasma membrane DRMs are essential for efficient CD1a-mediated antigen presentation. These findings place CD1a closer to MHC class I in its trafficking and potential antigen-loading compartments among CD1 isoforms. Furthermore, we identify CD1a as a new marker for the clathrin- and dynamin-independent and DRM-dependent pathway of internalization as well as the Rab22a- and ARF6-dependent recycling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte C Barral
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Morales-Serna JA, Díaz Y, Matheu MI, Castillón S. Stannyl ceramides as efficient acceptors for synthesising β-galactosyl ceramides. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3831-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b809570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Franchini L, Matto P, Ronchetti F, Panza L, Barbieri L, Costantino V, Mangoni A, Cavallari M, Mori L, De Libero G. Synthesis and evaluation of human T cell stimulating activity of an alpha-sulfatide analogue. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5529-36. [PMID: 17544671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of alpha-sulfatide 1, an analogue of natural glycolipid antigens with potential anti-tumor activity, was performed. Two different approaches to the alpha-glycosidic bond were explored, resulting in a high yield and excellent stereoselectivity. Compound 1 combines the structural features of sulfated beta-GalCer (sulfatide) and alpha-GalCer, which activate specific T cells. alpha-Sulfatide 1 was stimulatory for CD1d-restricted semi-invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cell clones, although less potent than alpha-GalCer, while it was not recognized by CD1a-restricted sulfatide-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Franchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biochimica e Biotecnologie per la Medicina, Università di Milano, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy
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17
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Abstract
The CD1 family of glycosylated cell surface receptors binds and presents lipid antigens for T cell recognition and activation. Crystal structures of CD1-lipid complexes reveal differences in the mode of presentation of lipids by CD1 group 1 (CDla, CDlb, and CDlc) and group 2 isoforms (CDld). For group 1, especially CDla and CD1b, the lipid backbone is anchored inside the hydrophobic binding grooves (lipid anchoring), whereas, for group 2 CDld, a precise hydrogen-bonding network positions the polar ligand headgroups in well-defined orientation at the T cell recognition surface (headgroup positioning). In addition, small, but important, structural changes occur on the surface of CDld upon binding of the potent invariant NKT cell agonist alpha-galactosylceramide due to increased polar interaction with the alphal and alpha2 helices. No such ligand-induced, conformational changes have yet been reported for any group 1 CD1 complexes, even upon binding of chemically diverse antigens, such as dual alkyl chain sphingolipids vs single alkyl chain lipopeptides. These structural data have already been successfully translated into the design of enhanced lipid activators of NKT cells and will likely continue for design of other chemotherapeutic agents or immunostimulatory compounds for a variety of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Zajonc
- Department of Molecular Biology, Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Hernández-Gay JJ, Panza L, Ronchetti F, Cañada FJ, Compostella F, Jiménez-Barbero J. The conformational behaviour of the C-glycosyl analogue of sulfatide studied by NMR in SDS micelles. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1966-73. [PMID: 17511975 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The conformational behaviour of sulfatide and its C-glycosyl analogue has been studied by using a combination of J and NOE data assisted by molecular mechanics calculations. There is a major exoanomeric conformation around the phi angle of both molecules with two or three conformers contributing to the equilibrium around psi. The MM3* calculations only provide a qualitative description of the actual population distribution. Despite this geometrical similarity, the quantitative analysis of the NOE intensities at a variety of mixing times indicates that the motion around the pseudoglycosidic linkages of the C-glycosyl analogue is faster than that for the natural compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Juan Hernández-Gay
- Departamento de Ciencia de Proteínas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Morales-Serna JA, Boutureira O, Díaz Y, Matheu MI, Castillón S. Recent advances in the glycosylation of sphingosines and ceramides. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1595-612. [PMID: 17482586 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic cell membranes. They are highly bioactive and are involved in many aspects of cell signalling like cell-cell interaction, cell-substratum interaction and cell-pathogen interaction. GSLs also are involved in the modulation of signal transduction, resulting in regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The biological importance and complexity of these compounds afford many opportunities to prepare synthetic analogues for studies of their metabolism in intra- and intercellular processes. This review focuses on recent contributions in the synthesis of GSLs, highlighting improvements in glycosylation reactions leading to alpha and beta glycosyl sphingosines and ceramides and related compounds. Literature from 2000 to the present is covered. The glycosylation reactions leading to the synthesis of GSLs are classified in function of the configuration of the created glycosidic bond (alpha or beta) and of the acceptor used, either azido-sphingosine or ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Morales-Serna
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcelí Domingo s/n, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
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20
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Compostella F, Ronchi S, Panza L, Mariotti S, Mori L, De Libero G, Ronchetti F. Synthesis of Sulfated Galactocerebrosides from an Orthogonal β-D-Galactosylceramide Scaffold for the Study of CD1–Antigen Interactions. Chemistry 2006; 12:5587-95. [PMID: 16637081 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD1a protein binds sulfatide (3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosylceramide) to form an antigen complex that interacts with T cell receptors and activates T cells. To assess the role of the position of the sulfate in T cell activation, the synthesis of three beta-D-galactosylceramides, variously bearing a sulfate at position 2, 4, or 6 of galactose, has been planned and carried out. The compounds were synthesized by an orthogonal sulfation strategy from a common beta-D-galactosylceramide scaffold, which was in turn obtained through an efficient glycosylation reaction between a fully orthogonally protected galactosyl imidate and 3-O-benzoylazidosphingosine. Immunological evaluation of the three sulfated compounds in CD1a-mediated T cell activation, in comparison with natural sulfatide, provided evidence of the influence of the sulfate position in the recognition event between the antigen, the CD1 protein and the T cell receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Compostella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biochimica e Biotecnologie per la Medicina, Università di Milano, Via Saldini 50, 20133-Milan, Italy.
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Zajonc DM, Maricic I, Wu D, Halder R, Roy K, Wong CH, Kumar V, Wilson IA. Structural basis for CD1d presentation of a sulfatide derived from myelin and its implications for autoimmunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 202:1517-26. [PMID: 16314439 PMCID: PMC2213337 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20051625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfatide derived from the myelin stimulates a distinct population of CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells. Cis-tetracosenoyl sulfatide is one of the immunodominant species in myelin as identified by proliferation, cytokine secretion, and CD1d tetramer staining. The crystal structure of mouse CD1d in complex with cis-tetracosenoyl sulfatide at 1.9 Å resolution reveals that the longer cis-tetracosenoyl fatty acid chain fully occupies the A′ pocket of the CD1d binding groove, whereas the sphingosine chain fills up the F′ pocket. A precise hydrogen bond network in the center of the binding groove orients and positions the ceramide backbone for insertion of the lipid tails in their respective pockets. The 3′-sulfated galactose headgroup is highly exposed for presentation to the T cell receptor and projects up and away from the binding pocket due to its β linkage, compared with the more intimate binding of the α-glactosyl ceramide headgroup to CD1d. These structure and binding data on sulfatide presentation by CD1d have important implications for the design of therapeutics that target T cells reactive for myelin glycolipids in autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Zajonc
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Xing GW, Wu D, Poles MA, Horowitz A, Tsuji M, Ho DD, Wong CH. Synthesis and human NKT cell stimulating properties of 3-O-sulfo-alpha/beta-galactosylceramides. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2907-16. [PMID: 15781400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two novel hybrid molecules 3-O-sulfo-alpha/beta-galactosylceramide 3 and 4, which are derived from an immunostimulatory agent alpha-GalCer 1 and self-glycolipid ligand sulfatide 2, were designed and synthesized. Compound 3 was shown to efficiently stimulate human NKT cells to secret IL-4 and IFN-gamma, with activities similar to 1, suggesting that modification of the 3''-OH position of the galactose moiety with sulfate has no significant effect on NKT cell stimulation. As a comparison, the beta-isomer 4 has no affinity to NKT cells, which demonstrates that the alpha-glycosidic bond of galactosylceramide is crucial to the NKT cells activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wen Xing
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Norris AJ, Whitelegge JP, Yaghoubian A, Alattia JR, Privé GG, Toyokuni T, Sun H, Brooks MN, Panza L, Matto P, Compostella F, Remmel N, Klingenstein R, Sandhoff K, Fluharty C, Fluharty A, Faull KF. A novel mass spectrometric assay for the cerebroside sulfate activator protein (saposin B) and arylsulfatase A. J Lipid Res 2005; 46:2254-64. [PMID: 16061947 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m500188-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A mass spectrometric method is described for monitoring cerebrosides in the presence of excess concentrations of alkali metal salts. This method has been adapted for use in the assay of arylsulfatase A (ASA) and the cerebroside sulfate activator protein (CSAct or saposin B). Detection of the neutral glycosphingolipid cerebroside product was achieved via enhancement of ionization efficiency in the presence of lithium ions. Assay samples were extracted into the chloroform phase as for the existing assays, dried, and diluted in methanol-chloroform-containing lithium chloride. Samples were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the multiple reaction monitoring tandem mass spectrometric mode. The assay has been used to demonstrate several previously unknown or ambiguous aspects of the coupled ASA/CSAct reaction, including an absolute in vitro preference for CSAct over the other saposins (A, C, and D) and a preference for the non-hydroxylated species of the sulfatide substrate over the corresponding hydroxylated species. The modified assay for the coupled ASA/CSAct reaction could find applicability in settings in which the assay could not be performed previously because of the need for radiolabeled substrate, which is now not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Norris
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, and Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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Franchini L, Compostella F, Donda A, Mori L, Colombo D, De Libero G, Matto P, Ronchetti F, Panza L. Synthesis of a Fluorescent Sulfatide for the Study of CD1 Antigen Binding Properties. European J Org Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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