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Hwang Y, Lee HS. Statistical optimization of environmental factors to produce the cytotoxic enniatins H, I and MK1688 against human multidrug resistance cancer cell lines. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:579-587. [PMID: 38274188 PMCID: PMC10805692 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The environmental conditions were optimized to produce the enniatin H, I, and MK1688 by Fusarium strain on cereal grain exhibiting anti-carcinogenic potential against MES-SA (human uterine sarcoma cell line), HCT15 (human colorectal carcinoma cancer cell line), and their multidrug resistance sublines. From the statistical optimization by response surface methodology, the optimal condition of independent variables affecting the response variables were 20.85 °C (temperature), 46.85% (w/w, initial moisture content), and 18.42 days (growth time) for ENN H; 23.31 °C, 44.15% (w/w) and 17.23 days for ENN I; 23.08 °C, 43.97% (w/w) and 17.06 days for ENN MK1688. In case of cytotoxic effects, ENNs significantly suppressed growth of cancer cell lines without multidrug resistance, and ENN I inhibited growth of cancer cell lines most strongly. These data will provide valuable point to produce the cyclic hexadepsipeptide exhibiting anti-carcinogenic potential from Fusarium strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungMin Hwang
- Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 Republic of Korea
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2
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Valenti I, Tini F, Sevarika M, Agazzi A, Beccari G, Bellezza I, Ederli L, Grottelli S, Pasquali M, Romani R, Saracchi M, Covarelli L. Impact of Enniatin and Deoxynivalenol Co-Occurrence on Plant, Microbial, Insect, Animal and Human Systems: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:271. [PMID: 37104209 PMCID: PMC10144843 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxins commonly contaminate agricultural products resulting in a serious threat to both animal and human health. The co-occurrence of different mycotoxins in the same cereal field is very common, so the risks as well as the functional and ecological effects of mycotoxins cannot always be predicted by focusing only on the effect of the single contaminants. Enniatins (ENNs) are among the most frequently detected emerging mycotoxins, while deoxynivalenol (DON) is probably the most common contaminant of cereal grains worldwide. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the simultaneous exposure to these mycotoxins, with emphasis on the combined effects in multiple organisms. Our literature analysis shows that just a few studies on ENN-DON toxicity are available, suggesting the complexity of mycotoxin interactions, which include synergistic, antagonistic, and additive effects. Both ENNs and DON modulate drug efflux transporters, therefore this specific ability deserves to be explored to better understand their complex biological role. Additionally, future studies should investigate the interaction mechanisms of mycotoxin co-occurrence on different model organisms, using concentrations closer to real exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Valenti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Francesco Tini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Milos Sevarika
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Alessandro Agazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Luisa Ederli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Matias Pasquali
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Roberto Romani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Marco Saracchi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Covarelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
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3
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Delgado-Povedano MDM, Lara FJ, Gámiz-Gracia L, García-Campaña AM. Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis-time of flight mass spectrometry method to determine emerging mycotoxins. Talanta 2023; 253:123946. [PMID: 36167011 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enniatins (ENN) and beauvericin (BEA) are emerging mycotoxins that have been traditionally determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). However, to the best of our knowledge, no analytical methods based on capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS/MS have been reported so far. Due to their non-polar nature, in this work, a non-aqueous CE (NACE) method coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight-MS is proposed for the first time to identify and quantify these mycotoxins. Determination was achieved in 4 min under optimum conditions: 40 mM ammonium acetate in 80:20 (v/v) acetonitrile-methanol (buffer), 30 kV (voltage), 80 cm (capillary length), 20 °C (capillary temperature) and 50 mbar × 30 s (injection). Higher selectivity can be achieved when compared with LC due to the formation of exclusive CE adducts such as [M + CH3CH2NH3]+. "All Ions" acquisition mode was selected as it allows the quantification of the usual ENNs, as well as the identity confirmation of less common ENNs. The method was validated for wheat samples, obtaining limits of quantification from 4.0 to 8.3 μg/kg depending on the emerging mycotoxin, recovery values higher than 87.4%, and intra- and inter-day precision values (RSDs) lower than 15.1% in all cases. Finally, 29 wheat samples were analyzed, finding 26 samples with concentrations of enniatin B higher than the limit of quantification (7.5-1480 μg/kg), 20 for enniatin B1 (5.2-550 μg/kg), 7 for enniatin A (10-55 μg/kg), 4 for enniatin A1 (12.6-77 μg/kg) and 5 for BEA (9.2-16.4 μg/kg). Moreover, two other ENNs were tentatively identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Mar Delgado-Povedano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Lara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Laura Gámiz-Gracia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
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4
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Song Z, Sun YJ, Xu S, Li G, Yuan C, Zhou K. Secondary metabolites from the Endophytic fungi Fusarium decemcellulare F25 and their antifungal activities. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1127971. [PMID: 36819056 PMCID: PMC9929939 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1127971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven new compounds, including three isocoumarins (1-3), three pyrrolidinone derivatives (8-10), and one pentaene diacid (15), together with 13 known compounds, were isolated from the rice culture of the endophytic fungus Fusarium decemcellulare F25. Their structures and stereochemistry were established using HRESIMS, NMR, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The possible biosynthetic pathways for compounds 1-3 and 8-10 were proposed. The antifungal efficacies of compounds 1 - 20 were evaluated against Colletotrichum musae, and compounds 13, 14, and 17 exhibited inhibitory activities against C. musae with MIC values of 256, 64 and 128 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Jun Sun
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuangyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Gang Li, ; Chunmao Yuan, ; Kang Zhou,
| | - Chunmao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,*Correspondence: Gang Li, ; Chunmao Yuan, ; Kang Zhou,
| | - Kang Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,*Correspondence: Gang Li, ; Chunmao Yuan, ; Kang Zhou,
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5
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Wang YJ, Liu CY, Wang YL, Zhang FX, Lu YF, Dai SY, Li C, Sun Y, Pei YH. Cytotoxic Cyclodepsipeptides and Cyclopentane Derivatives from a Plant-Associated Fungus Fusarium sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2592-2602. [PMID: 36288556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, four new cyclodepsipeptides, fusarihexins C-E (1-3) and enniatin Q (4), four new cyclopentane derivatives, fusarilins A-D (5-8), together with eight known compounds (9-16), were isolated from cultures of the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analysis of HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations were determined using Marfey's method, a modified Mosher's method, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and ECD analysis. The antitumor activities of the isolated compounds in vitro were evaluated. Cyclodepsipeptides displayed cytotoxicities against the Huh-7, MRMT-1, and HepG-2 cell lines. Compounds 4, 9, 10, and 12 with IC50 values of 1.0-9.1 μM exhibited the most potent cytotoxicities against the three cell lines as compared to the positive control-5-fluorouracil. Compounds 1-3 and 11 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities (IC50 values of 10.7-20.1 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yue Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Lei Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Fu Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yang Dai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hu Pei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
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6
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Fungal-derived compounds and mycogenic nanoparticles with antimycobacterial activity: a review. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a persistent lung infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease is characterized by high mortality rates of over 1 million per year. Unfortunately, the potency and effectiveness of currently used anti-TB drugs is gradually decreasing due to the constant development of persistence and resistance by M. tuberculosis. The adverse side effects associated with current anti-TB drugs, along with anti-TB drug resistance, present an opportunity to bio-prospect novel potent anti-TB drugs from unique sources. Fundamentally, fungi are a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites with valuable therapeutic potential. Enhancing the potency and effectiveness of fungal-based anti-TB drug leads by chemical synthesis and/or modification with nanomaterials, may result in the discovery of novel anti-TB drugs. In this review, the antimycobacterial activity of fungal-derived compounds and mycogenic nanoparticles are summarized. Numerous fungal-derived compounds as well as some mycogenic nanoparticles that exhibit strong antimycobacterial activity that is comparable to that of approved drugs, were found. If fully explored, fungi holds the promise to become key drivers in the generation of lead compounds in TB-drug discovery initiatives.
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7
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The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of Ionophores for the treatment of human infection. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111661. [PMID: 34896767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionophores are a diverse class of synthetic and naturally occurring ion transporter compounds which demonstrate both direct and in-direct antimicrobial properties against a broad panel of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pathogens. In addition, ionophores can regulate the host-immune response during communicable and non-communicable disease states. Although the clinical use of ionophores such as Amphotericin B, Bedaquiline and Ivermectin highlight the utility of ionophores in modern medicine, for many other ionophore compounds issues surrounding toxicity, bioavailability or lack of in vivo efficacy studies have hindered clinical development. The antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties of a range of compounds with characteristics of ionophores remain largely unexplored. As such, ionophores remain a latent therapeutic avenue to address both the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, and the unmet clinical need for new antimicrobial therapies. This review will provide an overview of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of ionophores, and their potential uses in clinical medicine for combatting infection.
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8
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Mohammed AE, Sonbol H, Alwakeel SS, Alotaibi MO, Alotaibi S, Alothman N, Suliman RS, Ahmedah HT, Ali R. Investigation of biological activity of soil fungal extracts and LC/MS-QTOF based metabolite profiling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4760. [PMID: 33637771 PMCID: PMC7910297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is considered an extensively explored ecological niche for microorganisms that produce useful biologically active natural products suitable for pharmaceutical applications. The current study aimed at investigating biological activities and metabolic profiles of three fungal strains identified from different desert sites in Saudi Arabia. Soil fungal isolates were collected from AlQasab, Tabuk, and Almuzahimiyah in Saudi Arabia and identified. Furthermore, their antibacterial activity was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli in blood, nutrient, and Sabouraud dextrose agars. Moreover, fungal extracts were evaluated on cell viability/proliferation against human breast carcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. To identify the biomolecules of the fungal extracts, High-performance liquid chromatography HPLC-DAD coupled to analytical LC-QTOF-MS method was employed for fungal ethyl acetate crude extract. Identified fungal isolates, Chaetomium sp. Bipolaris sp. and Fusarium venenatum showed varied inhibitory activity against tested microbes in relation to crude extract, microbial strain tested, and growth media. F. venenatum showed higher anticancer activity compared to Chaetomium sp. and Bipolaris sp. extracts against four of the tested cancer cell lines. Screening by HPLC and LC/MS-QTOF identified nine compounds from Chaetomium sp. and three from Bipolaris sp. however, for F. venenatum extracts compounds were not fully identified. In light of the present findings, some biological activities of fungal extracts were approved in vitro, suggesting that such extracts could be a useful starting point to find compounds that possess promising agents for medical applications. Further investigations to identify exact biomolecules from F. venenatum extracts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrah E Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hana Sonbol
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suaad Saleh Alwakeel
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Modhi O Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sohailah Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alothman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Saad Suliman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi Talal Ahmedah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabegh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Research, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Sun D, Qiu N, Zhou S, Lyu B, Zhang S, Li J, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Development of Sensitive and Reliable UPLC-MS/MS Methods for Food Analysis of Emerging Mycotoxins in China Total Diet Study. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E166. [PMID: 30884911 PMCID: PMC6468665 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the climatic changes that have taken place during the last decade, the spectrum of fungal pathogens as well as mycotoxins has considerably changed. As a result, some emerging mycotoxins have been shown to occur frequently in agricultural products. In this study, a sensitive and reliable method for the determination of 10 emerging mycotoxins (beauvericin, enniatin A, enniatin A1, enniatin B, enniatin B1, alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene, tentoxin, and tenuazonic acid) in 12 different food matrices (cereals, legumes, potatoes, meats, eggs, aquatic foods, dairy products, vegetables, fruits, sugars, beverages, and alcohol beverages) was developed and validated. After a simple extraction, a one-step sample clean-up by a HLB solid phase extraction (SPE) column was sufficient for all 12 food matrices prior to analysis with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Isotope internal standards 13C-TeA, TEN-d₃, and 13C-AFB2 were used for accurate quantification. Validation in terms of linearity, selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision (intra and inter-day variability) were evaluated for the 10 mycotoxins in all selected matrices. The sensitivity varied from 0.0004 to 0.3 ng mL-1 (limits of detection) and from 0.002 to 0.9 ng mL-1 (limits of quantitation). The recoveries of 10 mycotoxins in fortified samples were from 60.6% to 164% including very low spiking levels in all 12 food matrices, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 12%. The proposed methodology was applied to the analysis of 60 samples collected from five provinces within the 6th China Total Diet Study with the results discussed in detail. The advantages of sensitivity, accuracy, and robustness made it a powerful tool for emerging mycotoxin monitoring and dietary exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Sun
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Nannan Qiu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Shuang Zhou
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Bing Lyu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Jingguang Li
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission, Beijing 100021, China.
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10
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Zhao P, Xue Y, Li X, Li J, Zhao Z, Quan C, Gao W, Zu X, Bai X, Feng S. Fungi-derived lipopeptide antibiotics developed since 2000. Peptides 2019; 113:52-65. [PMID: 30738838 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipopeptide antibiotics have linear or cyclic structures with one or more hydrocarbon tails linked to the N-terminus of a short oligopeptide that may be chemically modified and/or contain unusual amino acid residues in their structures. They possess huge potential as pharmaceutical drugs and biocontrol agents, and ˜30 representative genera of fungi are known to produce them. Some chemically synthesised derivatives have already been developed into commercial products or subjected to clinical trials, including cilofungin, caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin, rezafungin, emodepside, fusafungine and destruxins. This review summarizes 200 fungi-derived compounds reported since 2000, including 95 cyclic depsipeptides, 67 peptaibiotics (including 35 peptaibols, eight lipoaminopeptides, and five lipopeptaibols), and 38 non-depsipeptide and non-peptaibiotic lipopeptides. Their sources, structural sequences, antibiotic activities (e.g. antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimycobacterial, antimycoplasmal, antimalarial, antileishmanial, insecticidal, antitrypanosomal and nematicidal), structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action, and specific relevance are discussed. These compounds have attracted considerable interest within the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Zhao
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yun Xue
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Life Science College, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, 044000, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Zhanqin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Chunshan Quan
- Department of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Weina Gao
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xiangyang Zu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xuefei Bai
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shuxiao Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
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11
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Wang X, Gong X, Li P, Lai D, Zhou L. Structural Diversity and Biological Activities of Cyclic Depsipeptides from Fungi. Molecules 2018; 23:E169. [PMID: 29342967 PMCID: PMC6017592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic depsipeptides (CDPs) are cyclopeptides in which amide groups are replaced by corresponding lactone bonds due to the presence of a hydroxylated carboxylic acid in the peptide structure. These peptides sometimes display additional chemical modifications, including unusual amino acid residues in their structures. This review highlights the occurrence, structures and biological activities of the fungal CDPs reported until October 2017. About 352 fungal CDPs belonging to the groups of cyclic tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-, and tridecadepsipeptides have been isolated from fungi. These metabolites are mainly reported from the genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Beauveria, Fusarium, Isaria, Metarhizium, Penicillium, and Rosellina. They are known to exhibit various biological activities such as cytotoxic, phytotoxic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anthelmintic, insecticidal, antimalarial, antitumoral and enzyme-inhibitory activities. Some CDPs (i.e., PF1022A, enniatins and destruxins) have been applied as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiao Gong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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12
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Prosperini A, Berrada H, Ruiz MJ, Caloni F, Coccini T, Spicer LJ, Perego MC, Lafranconi A. A Review of the Mycotoxin Enniatin B. Front Public Health 2017; 5:304. [PMID: 29201864 PMCID: PMC5697211 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin enniatin B (ENN B) is a secondary metabolism product by Fusarium fungi. It is a well-known antibacterial, antihelmintic, antifungal, herbicidal, and insecticidal compound. It has been found as a contaminant in several food commodities, particularly in cereal grains, co-occurring also with other mycotoxins. The primary mechanism of action of ENN B is mainly due to its ionophoric characteristics, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. In the last two decades, it has been a topic of great interest since its potent mammalian cytotoxic activity was demonstrated in several mammalian cell lines. Moreover, the co-exposure in vitro with other mycotoxins enhances its toxic potential through synergic effects, depending on the concentrations tested. Despite its clear cytotoxic effect, European Food Safety Authority stated that acute exposure to ENNs, such as ENN B, does not indicate concern for human health, but a concern might be the chronic exposure. However, given the lack of relevant toxicity data, no firm conclusion could be drawn and a risk assessment was not possible. In fact, very few studies have been carried out in vivo and, in these studies, no adverse effects were observed. So, research on toxicological effects induced by ENN B is still on-going. Recently, some studies are dealing with new advances regarding ENN B. This review summarizes the information on biochemical and biological activity of ENN B, focusing on toxicological aspects and on the latest advances in research on ENN B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Prosperini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Houda Berrada
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, Maugeri Clinical Scientific Institutes SpA-BS, IRCCS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Maria Chiara Perego
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca sulla Sanità Pubblica (CESP), Università Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of International Health, FHML, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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13
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Steiniger C, Hoffmann S, Mainz A, Kaiser M, Voigt K, Meyer V, Süssmuth RD. Harnessing fungal nonribosomal cyclodepsipeptide synthetases for mechanistic insights and tailored engineering. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7834-7843. [PMID: 29163920 PMCID: PMC5674221 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03093b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid fungal CDP synthetases are constructed from three different origins to produce highly active cyclodepsipeptides up to g L–1 scale.
Nonribosomal peptide synthetases represent potential platforms for the design and engineering of structurally complex peptides. While previous focus has been centred mainly on bacterial systems, fungal synthetases assembling drugs like the antifungal echinocandins, the antibacterial cephalosporins or the anthelmintic cyclodepsipeptide (CDP) PF1022 await in-depth exploitation. As various mechanistic features of fungal CDP biosynthesis are only partly understood, effective engineering of NRPSs has been severely hampered. By combining protein truncation, in trans expression and combinatorial swapping, we assigned important functional segments of fungal CDP synthetases and assessed their in vivo biosynthetic capabilities. Hence, artificial assembly line components comprising of up to three different synthetases were generated. Using Aspergillus niger as a heterologous expression host, we obtained new-to-nature octa-enniatin (4 mg L–1) and octa-beauvericin (10.8 mg L–1), as well as high titers of the hybrid CDP hexa-bassianolide (1.3 g L–1) with an engineered ring size. The hybrid compounds showed up to 12-fold enhanced antiparasitic activity against Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma cruzi compared to the reference drugs miltefosine and benznidazole, respectively. Our findings thus contribute to a rational engineering of iterative nonribosomal assembly lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Steiniger
- Fachgebiet Biologische Chemie , Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 124 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Sylvester Hoffmann
- Fachgebiet Biologische Chemie , Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 124 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Andi Mainz
- Fachgebiet Biologische Chemie , Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 124 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Parasite Chemotherapy , Medical Parasitology & Infection Biology , Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Socinstrasse 57 , 4051 Basel , Switzerland.,University of Basel , Petersplatz 1 , 4003 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection (JMRC) , Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie , Hans-Knöll-Institut , Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Vera Meyer
- Fachgebiet Angewandte und Molekulare Mikrobiologie , Institut für Biotechnologie , Technische Universität Berlin , Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25 , 13355 Berlin , Germany
| | - Roderich D Süssmuth
- Fachgebiet Biologische Chemie , Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 124 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
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14
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Renaud JB, Kelman MJ, McMullin DR, Yeung KKC, Sumarah MW. Application of C8 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of enniatins and bassianolides. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1508:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Enniatin and Beauvericin Biosynthesis in Fusarium Species: Production Profiles and Structural Determinant Prediction. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9020045. [PMID: 28125067 PMCID: PMC5331425 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the fungal genus Fusarium can produce numerous secondary metabolites, including the nonribosomal mycotoxins beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENNs). Both mycotoxins are synthesized by the multifunctional enzyme enniatin synthetase (ESYN1) that contains both peptide synthetase and S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent N-methyltransferase activities. Several Fusarium species can produce ENNs, BEA or both, but the mechanism(s) enabling these differential metabolic profiles is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the primary structure of ESYN1 by sequencing esyn1 transcripts from different Fusarium species. We measured ENNs and BEA production by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and Acquity QDa mass detector (UPLC-PDA-QDa) analyses. We predicted protein structures, compared the predictions by multivariate analysis methods and found a striking correlation between BEA/ENN-producing profiles and ESYN1 three-dimensional structures. Structural differences in the β strand's Asn789-Ala793 and His797-Asp802 portions of the amino acid adenylation domain can be used to distinguish BEA/ENN-producing Fusarium isolates from those that produce only ENN.
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16
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Sondergaard TE, Fredborg M, Oppenhagen Christensen AM, Damsgaard SK, Kramer NF, Giese H, Sørensen JL. Fast Screening of Antibacterial Compounds from Fusaria. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E355. [PMID: 27916854 PMCID: PMC5198549 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8120355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-guided screening is an important method to identify bioactive compounds from fungi. In this study we applied a fast digital time-lapse microscopic method for assessment of the antibacterial properties of secondary metabolites from the fungal genus Fusarium. Here antibacterial effects could be detected for antibiotic Y, aurofusarin, beauvericin, enniatins and fusaric acid after six hours of cultivation. The system was then used in a bio-guided screen of extracts from 14 different Fusarium species, which had been fractionated by HPLC. In this screen, fractions containing the red pigments aurofusarin and bikaverin showed effects against strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The IC50 for aurofusarin against Lactobacillus acidophilus was 8 µM, and against Bifidobacterium breve it was 64 µM. Aurofusarin only showed an effect on probiotic bacteria, leading to the speculation that only health-promoting bacteria with a positive effect in the gut system are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teis Esben Sondergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Marlene Fredborg
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | | | - Sofie K Damsgaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Nikoline F Kramer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Henriette Giese
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
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17
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Tian J, Han JJ, Zhang X, He LW, Zhang YJ, Bao L, Liu HW. New Cyclohexadepsipeptides from an Entomogenous Fungus Fusarium proliferatum and Their Cytotoxicity and Autophagy-Inducing Activity. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:852-60. [PMID: 27233912 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Five new cyclohexadepsipeptides termed as enniatins R - V (1 - 5) and seven known cyclohexadepsipeptides (6 - 12) were isolated from the solid culture of Fusarium proliferatum, a fungus isolated from the cadaver of an unidentified insect collected in Tibet. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis. The X-ray single-crystal structure of 6 was reported for the first time. Enniatins R and S represented the first enniatins incorporating with an unusual 2,3-dihydroxy-isovaleric acid (Div) residue. The cytotoxicity and autophagy-inducing activities of 1 - 12 were evaluated in vitro. Beauvenniatin F (11) exhibited strong cytotoxicity against K562/A (adriamycin-resistant K562) with IC50 value of 3.78 μm, and also autophagy-inducing activity at the concentration of 20 μm in GFP-LC3 stable HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tian
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.
| | - Lu-Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, 03006, P. R. China
| | - Li Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
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18
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Taevernier L, Veryser L, Roche N, Peremans K, Burvenich C, Delesalle C, De Spiegeleer B. Human skin permeation of emerging mycotoxins (beauvericin and enniatins). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016; 26:277-287. [PMID: 25757886 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, dermal exposure data of cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins are completely absent. There is a lack of understanding about the local skin and systemic kinetics and effects, despite their widespread skin contact and intrinsic hazard. Therefore, we provide a quantitative characterisation of their dermal kinetics. The emerging mycotoxins enniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) were used as model compounds and their transdermal kinetics were quantitatively evaluated, using intact and damaged human skin in an in vitro Franz diffusion cell set-up and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS analytics. We demonstrated that all investigated mycotoxins are able to penetrate through the skin. ENN B showed the highest permeation (kp,v=9.44 × 10(-6) cm/h), whereas BEA showed the lowest (kp,v=2.35 × 10(-6) cm/h) and the other ENNs ranging in between. Combining these values with experimentally determined solubility data, Jmax values ranging from 0.02 to 0.35 μg/(cm(2) h) for intact skin and from 0.07 to 1.11 μg/(cm(2) h) for damaged skin were obtained. These were used to determine the daily dermal exposure (DDE) in a worst-case scenario. On the other hand, DDE's for a typical occupational scenario were calculated based on real-life mycotoxin concentrations for the industrial exposure of food-related workers. In the latter case, for contact with intact human skin, DDE's up to 0.0870 ng/(kg BW × day) for ENN A were calculated, whereas for impaired skin barrier this can even rise up to 0.3209 ng/(kg BW × day) for ENN B1. This knowledge is needed for the risk assessment after skin exposure of contaminated food, feed, indoor surfaces and airborne particles with mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Taevernier
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieselotte Veryser
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Roche
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Catherine Delesalle
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Rational biosynthetic approaches for the production of new-to-nature compounds in fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 89:89-101. [PMID: 26872866 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi have the ability to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites some of which are potent toxins whereas others are exploited as food additives or drugs. Fungal natural products still play an important role in the discovery of new chemical entities for potential use as pharmaceuticals. However, in most cases they cannot be directly used as drugs due to toxic side effects or suboptimal pharmacokinetics. To improve drug-like properties, including bioactivity and stability or to produce better precursors for semi-synthetic routes, one needs to generate non-natural derivatives from known fungal secondary metabolites. In this minireview, we describe past and recent biosynthetic approaches for the diversification of fungal natural products, covering examples from precursor-directed biosynthesis, mutasynthesis, metabolic engineering and biocombinatorial synthesis. To illustrate the current state-of-the-art, challenges and pitfalls, we lay particular emphasis on the class of fungal cyclodepsipeptides which have been studied longtime for product diversification and which are of pharmaceutical relevance as drugs.
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20
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Lücke D, Dalton T, Ley SV, Wilson ZE. Synthesis of Natural and Unnatural Cyclooligomeric Depsipeptides Enabled by Flow Chemistry. Chemistry 2016; 22:4206-17. [PMID: 26844421 PMCID: PMC4797712 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flow chemistry has been successfully integrated into the synthesis of a series of cyclooligomeric depsipeptides of three different ring sizes including the natural products beauvericin (1 a), bassianolide (2 b) and enniatin C (1 b). A reliable flow chemistry protocol was established for the coupling and macrocyclisation to form challenging N‐methylated amides. This flexible approach has allowed the rapid synthesis of both natural and unnatural depsipeptides in high yields, enabling further exploration of their promising biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lücke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Toryn Dalton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Steven V Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Zoe E Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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21
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Abedinzadeh M, Gaeini M, Sardari S. Natural antimicrobial peptides against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:1285-9. [PMID: 25681127 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TB, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one the leading infectious diseases worldwide. There is an urgent need to discover new drugs with unique structures and uncommon mechanisms of action to treat M. tuberculosis and combat antimycobacterial resistance. Naturally occurring compounds contain a wide diversity of chemical structures, displaying a wide range of in vitro potency towards M. tuberculosis. A number of recent studies have shown that natural antimycobacterial peptides can disrupt the function of the mycobacterial cell wall through different modes of action and thereafter interact with intracellular targets, including nucleic acids, enzymes and even organelles. More importantly, the probability of antimycobacterial resistance is low. This review presents several natural antimicrobial peptides isolated from different organism sources, including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. In addition, the molecular features of these molecules are the subject of much attention. Such peptides have common traits among their chemical features, which may be correlated with their biological activities; hence, different parts of the molecular structures can be modified in order to increase penetration into the target cells. This review also summarizes the available information on the properties of antimycobacterial peptides associated with their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abedinzadeh
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Gaeini
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Horn F, Habel A, Scharf DH, Dworschak J, Brakhage AA, Guthke R, Hertweck C, Linde J. Draft Genome Sequence and Gene Annotation of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Verticillium hemipterigenum. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:e01439-14. [PMID: 25614560 PMCID: PMC4319583 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01439-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium hemipterigenum (anamorph Torrubiella hemipterigena) is an entomopathogenic fungus and produces a broad range of secondary metabolites. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the fungus, including gene structure and functional annotation. Genes were predicted incorporating RNA-Seq data and functionally annotated to provide the basis for further genome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Horn
- Systems Biology/Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Habel
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel H Scharf
- Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Dworschak
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Systems Biology/Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Linde
- Systems Biology/Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
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23
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Taevernier L, Veryser L, Vandercruyssen K, D’Hondt M, Vansteelandt S, De Saeger S, De Spiegeleer B. UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of the cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins beauvericin and enniatins in in vitro transdermal experiments. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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A new enniatin antibiotic from the endophyte Fusarium tricinctum Corda. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 68:197-200. [PMID: 25315756 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enniatins (ENs), a group of antibiotics commonly produced by various strains of Fusarium, are six-membered cyclic depsipeptides formed by the union of three molecules of D-α-hydroxyisovaleric acid and three N-methyl-L-amino acids. The endophyte Fusarium tricinctum Corda was isolated from the fruits of Hordeum sativum Jess. and cultivated on a rice medium. The fungal metabolites were extracted with methanol and were identified, employing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as ENs A, A1, B, B1, B2 and Q. EN Q is a new analog of EN A and the occurrence of EN B2 is reported for the first time from this endophyte, in addition to four well-known ENs (A, A1, B and B1). The methanol extract of F. tricinctum showed mild antibacterial and antileishmanial activities. Additionally the tested extract displayed inhibition of the activity of thioredoxin reductase enzyme of Plasmodium falciparum.
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25
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Ola ARB, Thomy D, Lai D, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Proksch P. Inducing secondary metabolite production by the endophytic fungus Fusarium tricinctum through coculture with Bacillus subtilis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:2094-9. [PMID: 24175613 DOI: 10.1021/np400589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coculturing the fungal endophyte Fusarium tricinctum with the bacterium Bacillus subtilis 168 trpC2 on solid rice medium resulted in an up to 78-fold increase in the accumulation in constitutively present secondary metabolites that included lateropyrone (5), cyclic depsipeptides of the enniatin type (6-8), and the lipopeptide fusaristatin A (9). In addition, four compounds (1-4) including (-)-citreoisocoumarin (2) as well as three new natural products (1, 3, and 4) were not present in discrete fungal and bacterial controls and only detected in the cocultures. The new compounds were identified as macrocarpon C (1), 2-(carboxymethylamino)benzoic acid (3), and (-)-citreoisocoumarinol (4) by analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS data. Enniatins B1 (7) and A1 (8), whose production was particularly enhanced, inhibited the growth of the cocultivated B. subtilis strain with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16 and 8 μg/mL, respectively, and were also active against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis with MIC values in the range 2-8 μg/mL. In addition, lateropyrone (5), which was constitutively present in F. tricinctum, displayed good antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and E. faecalis, with MIC values ranging from 2 to 8 μg/mL. All active compounds were equally effective against a multiresistant clinical isolate of S. aureus and a susceptible reference strain of the same species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius R B Ola
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Cuomo V, Randazzo A, Meca G, Moretti A, Cascone A, Eriksson O, Novellino E, Ritieni A. Production of enniatins A, A1, B, B1, B4, J1 by Fusarium tricinctum in solid corn culture: Structural analysis and effects on mitochondrial respiration. Food Chem 2013; 140:784-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Lu H, Fernández-Franzón M, Font G, Ruiz M. Toxicity evaluation of individual and mixed enniatins using an in vitro method with CHO-K1 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:672-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Sy-Cordero AA, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Revisiting the enniatins: a review of their isolation, biosynthesis, structure determination and biological activities. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2012; 65:541-9. [PMID: 22990381 PMCID: PMC3573854 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2012.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enniatins are cyclohexadepsipeptides isolated largely from Fusarium species of fungi, although they have been isolated from other genera, such as Verticillium and Halosarpheia. They were first described over 60 years ago, and their range of biological activities, including antiinsectan, antifungal, antibiotic and cytotoxic, drives contemporary interest. To date, 29 enniatins have been isolated and characterized, either as a single compound or mixtures of inseparable homologs. Structurally, these depsipeptides are biosynthesized by a multifunctional enzyme, termed enniatin synthetase, and are composed of six residues that alternate between N-methyl amino acids and hydroxy acids. Their structure elucidation can be challenging, particularly for enniatins isolated as inseparable homologs; however, several strategies and tools have been utilized to solve these problems. Currently, there is one drug that has been developed from a mixture of enniatins, fusafungine, which is used as a topical treatment of upper respiratory tract infections by oral and/or nasal inhalation. Given the range of biological activities observed for this class of compounds, research on enniatins will likely continue. This review strives to digest the past studies, as well as, describe tools and techniques that can be utilized to overcome the challenges associated with the structure elucidation of mixtures of enniatin homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene A Sy-Cordero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
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29
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Antimycobacterial and antileishmanial effects of microfungi isolated from tropical regions in México. Parasitol Res 2012; 112:559-66. [PMID: 23086442 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A total of 82 fungal extracts were selected and screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana strains. Results showed inhibitory activity in 29 % of the fungal strains against at least one of the targets tested. The most significant antituberculosis (antiTB) effects were presented by Cylindrocarpon sp. XH9B, Fusarium sp. TA54, Fusarium XH1Ga, Gliocladium penicillioides TH04 and TH21, Gliocladium sp. TH16, Kutilakesa sp. MR46, and Verticillium sp. TH28 strains (minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) = 1.56-25 μg/ml). Mortality of L. mexicana promastigotes was displayed by only four strains, Fusarium sp. TA50, Fusarium sp. TA54, Verticillium sp. TH28, and the unidentified 2TA2 strain (IC(50) = 14.23-100 μg/ml and IC(100) = 50-100 μg/ml). Seven of these most active strains were defatted and their corresponding fractions evaluated again. The results showed the best antiTB activity in Gliocladium sp. TH16 (MIC = 1.56 μg/ml) and the highest leishmanicidal potential in Fusarium sp. TA54 (IC(50) = 6.36 μg/ml). These results show that fungi living in the tropical regions of México have the ability to produce bioactive metabolites that could be used in the near future as natural products to control neglected tropical diseases.
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Bunyapaiboonsri T, Vongvilai P, Auncharoen P, Isaka M. Cyclohexadepsipeptides from the Filamentous Fungus Acremonium sp. BCC 2629. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Lee HS, Kim KA, Seo DG, Lee C. Effects of 14C-labelled precursor feeding on production of beauvericin, enniatins H, I, and MK1688 by Fusarium oxysporum KFCC11363P. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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32
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Isaka M, Yangchum A, Sappan M, Suvannakad R, Srikitikulchai P. Cyclohexadepsipeptides from Acremonium sp. BCC 28424. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Toxigenicity of enniatins from Western Australian Fusarium species to brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). Toxicon 2011; 57:817-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Meca G, Sospedra I, Valero MA, Mañes J, Font G, Ruiz MJ. Antibacterial activity of the enniatin B, produced byFusarium tricinctumin liquid culture, and cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 21:503-12. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.556202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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35
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Lee HS, Kang JW, Kim BH, Park SG, Lee C. Statistical optimization of culture conditions for the production of enniatins H, I, and MK1688 by Fusarium oxysporum KFCC 11363P. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:279-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Tan DC, Flematti GR, Ghisalberti EL, Sivasithamparam K, Chakraborty S, Obanor F, Barbetti MJ. Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species associated with annual legume pastures and 'sheep feed refusal disorders' in Western Australia. Mycotoxin Res 2011; 27:123-35. [PMID: 23605703 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-010-0085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sheep grazing in Western Australia can partially or completely refuse to consume annual Medicago pods contaminated with a number of different Fusarium species. Many Fusarium species are known to produce trichothecenes as part of their array of toxigenic secondary metabolites, which are known to cause feed refusal in animals. This study reports the identity of Fusarium species using species-specific PCR primers and a characterization of the toxigenic secondary metabolites produced by 24 Fusarium isolates associated with annual legume-based pastures and particularly those associated with sheep feed refusal disorders in Western Australia. Purification of the fungal extracts was facilitated by a bioassay-guided fractionation using brine shrimp. A number of trichothecenes (3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol, fusarenon-X, monoacetoxyscirpenols, diacetoxyscirpenol, scirpentriol, HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin), enniatins (A, A1, B, and B1), chlamydosporol and zearalenone were identified using GC/MS and/or NMR spectroscopy. Some of the crude extracts and fractions showed significant activity against brine shrimp at concentrations as low as 5 μg ml(-1), and are likely to be involved in the sheep feed refusal disorders. This is the first report of chlamydosporol production by confirmed Fusarium spp.; of the incidence of F. brachygibbosum and F. venenatum in Australia and of F. tricinctum in Western Australia; and of mycotoxin production by Fusarium species from Western Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Tan
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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37
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Smelcerovic A, Yancheva D, Cherneva E, Petronijevic Z, Lamshoeft M, Herebian D. Identification and synthesis of three cyclodidepsipeptides as potential precursors of enniatin B in Fusarium sporotrichioides. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Süssmuth R, Müller J, von Döhren H, Molnár I. Fungal cyclooligomerdepsipeptides: From classical biochemistry to combinatorial biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:99-124. [DOI: 10.1039/c001463j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Isolation, purification, LC–MS/MS characterization and reactive oxygen species induced by fumonisin B1 in VERO cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2891-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Meca G, Ruiz MJ, Soriano JM, Ritieni A, Moretti A, Font G, Mañes J. Isolation and purification of enniatins A, A(1), B, B(1), produced by Fusarium tricinctum in solid culture, and cytotoxicity effects on Caco-2 cells. Toxicon 2010; 56:418-24. [PMID: 20417655 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enniatins (ENs) are antibiotic compounds of hexadepsipeptidic structure produced by several strains of Fusarium spp. The ENs A, A(1), B, B(1) were purified from extracts of Fusarium tricinctum grown on a solid medium of corn, by a low pressure liquid chromatography (LPLC) on reverse phase of Amberlite XAD-7 followed by semipreparative LC. The purity and the structure of the isolated compounds were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. The technique of the purification of the fungal extract enabled complete separation of the ENs A, A(1), B, B(1) with a mean purity of 97% for all the compounds. The cytoxicity of the ENs was tested in the cell lines of human origin (epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, Caco-2) by MTT assays. Only EN A(1) and B(1) evoked toxicity at the tested concentrations. The inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) for EN A(1) on Caco-2 cells was 12.3 microM, whereas the IC(50) produced by the EN B(1) was 19.5 microM. This study indicates that ENs, fungal metabolites that are commonly found in corn and in general in product composed by corn, may have a toxic potential for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of València, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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41
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Molnár I, Gibson DM, Krasnoff SB. Secondary metabolites from entomopathogenic Hypocrealean fungi. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1241-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c001459c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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42
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Shin CG, An DG, Song HH, Lee C. Beauvericin and enniatins H, I and MK1688 are new potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2009; 62:687-90. [PMID: 19893585 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2009.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Some enniatins (ENs) reportedly exhibit antiretroviral activities in vivo. The potential inhibitory activities of cyclic hexadepsipeptides such as beauvericin (BEA) and ENs H, I and MK1688 were investigated in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) integrase and Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase. BEA, EN I and EN MK1688 exhibited strong inhibitory activities against HIV-1 integrase, whereas EN H showed relatively weak activity. None of the examined compounds showed anti-reverse transcriptase activity. BEA was the most effective inhibitor of the tested cyclic hexadepsipeptides in inhibiting HIV-1 integrase. These results indicate the potential of cyclic hexadepsipeptides as a new class of potent inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cha-Gyun Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, South Korea
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43
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Kornsakulkarn J, Thongpanchang C, Lapanun S, Srichomthong K. Isocoumarin glucosides from the scale insect fungus Torrubiella tenuis BCC 12732. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1341-1343. [PMID: 19456117 DOI: 10.1021/np900082h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three new isocoumarin glucosides (1, 3, and 4), 6,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin (2), and 6,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethylisocoumarin (5) were isolated from the scale insect pathogenic fungus Torrubiella tenuis BCC 12732. Structures of these compounds were elucidated using NMR spectroscopic and MS spectrometric analyses. Compound 5 exhibited moderate anti-HSV-1 and antimycobacterial activities with IC(50) and MIC values of 50 and 25 microg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jittra Kornsakulkarn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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44
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Structural studies on minor enniatins from Fusarium sp. VI 03441: Novel N-methyl-threonine containing enniatins. Toxicon 2009; 53:734-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Song HH, Lee HS, Lee GP, Ha SD, Lee C. Structural analysis of enniatin H, I, and MK1688 and beauvericin by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and their production byFusarium oxysporumKFCC 11363P. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009; 26:518-26. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030802562904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Apoptosis induced by enniatins H and MK1688 isolated from Fusarium oxysporum FB1501. Toxicon 2009; 53:723-8. [PMID: 19248798 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enniatins are cyclic peptides isolated from bacteria, fungi, and plants, with numerous biological effects on animal systems. Recently, we have reported that certain enniatins (ENs), such as EN H and EN MK1688, have cytotoxic effects on several adenocarcinoma cell lines. In an effort to understand the mechanism behind their cytotoxicity, we investigated whether ENs can induce apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-15 cells). Treatment with the ENs H and MK1688 resulted in an alteration of cellular and nuclear morphology, leading to an increase in the number of the cells with apoptotic nuclei (seen as condensed or fragmented nuclei). Furthermore, it was observed that cellular DNA fragmentation increased in a dose-dependent manner in EN treated cells. These cells have elevated activity levels for caspase-3, the enzyme responsible for initiating cell death, compared with the untreated cells. Normal caspase-3 activity levels were observed when Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor, was added simultaneously with the ENs. Based on our results, we propose that the new ENs H and MK1688 induce cytotoxicity via an apoptotic pathway.
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Lee HS, Song HH, Jeong JH, Shin CG, Choi SU, Lee C. Cytotoxicities of enniatins H, I, and MK1688 from Fusarium oxysporum KFCC 11363P. Toxicon 2008; 51:1178-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 02/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Song HH, Lee HS, Jeong JH, Park HS, Lee C. Diversity in Beauvericin and Enniatins H, I, and MK1688 by Fusarium oxysporum isolated from potato. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 122:296-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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BIOACTIVE METABOLITES FROM MARINE MICROORGANISMS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(08)80007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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50
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Feifel SC, Schmiederer T, Hornbogen T, Berg H, Süssmuth RD, Zocher R. In Vitro Synthesis of New Enniatins: Probing the α-D-Hydroxy Carboxylic Acid Binding Pocket of the Multienzyme Enniatin Synthetase. Chembiochem 2007; 8:1767-70. [PMID: 17712809 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven C Feifel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät II-Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10629 Berlin, Germany
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