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Yagci BB, Donmez SE, Şahin O, Türkmen YE. Catalytic aza-Nazarov cyclization reactions to access α-methylene-γ-lactam heterocycles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:66-77. [PMID: 36741815 PMCID: PMC9874235 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a catalytic aza-Nazarov reaction of N-acyliminium salts generated in situ from the reaction of a variety of cyclic and acyclic imines with α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides to afford substituted α-methylene-γ-lactam heterocycles. The reactions proceed effectively in the presence of catalytic (20 mol %) amounts of AgOTf as an anion exchange agent or hydrogen-bond donors such as squaramides and thioureas as anion-binding organocatalysts. The aza-Nazarov cyclization of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides gives tricyclic lactam products 7 in up to 79% yield with full diastereocontrol (dr = >99:1). The use of acyclic imines in a similar catalytic aza-Nazarov reaction with 20 mol % of AgOTf results in the formation of α-methylene-γ-lactam heterocycles 19 in up to 76% yield and with good to high diastereoselectivities (4.3:1 to 16:1). We have demonstrated the scalability of the reaction with a gram-scale example. The relative stereochemistry of the α-methylene-γ-lactam products 19 has been determined via the single-crystal X-ray analysis of lactam 19l. In order to shed light on the details of the reaction mechanism, we have performed carefully designed mechanistic studies which consist of experiments on the effect of β-silicon stabilization, the alkene geometry of the α,β-unsaturated acyl chloride reactants, and adventitious water on the success of the catalytic aza-Nazarov reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Banu Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Selin Ezgi Donmez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Onur Şahin
- Department of Occupational Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop 57000, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Türkmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM – National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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2
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Donmez SE, Soydaş E, Aydın G, Şahin O, Bozkaya U, Türkmen YE. Aza-Nazarov Cyclization Reactions via Anion Exchange Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:554-558. [PMID: 30985150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic aza-Nazarov cyclization between 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides has been developed to access α-methylene-γ-lactam products in good yields (up to 79%) as single diastereomers. The reactions proceed efficiently when AgOTf is used as an anion exchange catalyst with a 20 mol % loading at 80 °C. Computational studies were performed to investigate the reaction mechanism, and the findings support the role of the -TMS group in reducing the reaction barrier of the key cyclization step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin E Donmez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Bilkent University , Ankara , 06800 , Turkey
| | - Emine Soydaş
- Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , 06800 , Turkey
| | - Gökçen Aydın
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Bilkent University , Ankara , 06800 , Turkey
| | - Onur Şahin
- Sinop University , Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center , Sinop , 57000 , Turkey
| | - Uğur Bozkaya
- Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Ankara , 06800 , Turkey
| | - Yunus E Türkmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Bilkent University , Ankara , 06800 , Turkey.,UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara , 06800 , Turkey
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Feng DQ, He J, Chen SY, Su P, Ke CH, Wang W. The Plant Alkaloid Camptothecin as a Novel Antifouling Compound for Marine Paints: Laboratory Bioassays and Field Trials. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:623-638. [PMID: 29860659 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of copper and booster biocides in antifouling (AF) paints has raised environmental concerns and the need to develop new AF agents. In the present study, 18 alkaloids derived from terrestrial plants were initially evaluated for AF activity using laboratory bioassays with the bryozoan Bugula neritina and the barnacle Balanus albicostatus. The results showed that 4 of the 18 alkaloids were effective in inhibiting larval settlement of B. neritina, with an EC50 range of 6.18 to 43.11 μM, and 15 of the 18 alkaloids inhibited larval settlement of B. albicostatus, with EC50 values ranging from 1.18 to 67.58 μM. Field trials that incorporated five alkaloids respectively into paints with 20% w/w indicated an in situ AF efficiency of evodiamine, strychnine, camptothecin (CPT), and cepharanthine, with the most potent compound being CPT, which also exhibited stronger AF efficiency than the commercial antifoulants cuprous oxide and zinc pyrithione in the field over a period of 12 months. Further field trials with different CPT concentrations (0.1 to 20% w/w) in the paints suggested a concentration-dependent AF performance in the natural environment, and the effective concentrations to significantly inhibit settlement of biofoulers in the field were ≥ 0.5% w/w (the efficiency of 0.5% w/w lasted for 2 months). Moreover, CPT toxicity against the crustacean Artemia salina, the planktonic microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Isochrysis galbana, was examined. The results showed that 24 h LC50 of CPT against A. salina was 20.75 μM, and 96 h EC50 (growth inhibition) values of CPT to P. tricornutum and I. galbana were 55.81 and 6.29 μM, respectively, indicating that CPT was comparatively less toxic than several commercial antifoulants previously reported. Our results suggest the novel potential application of CPT as an antifoulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qing Feng
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian He
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Yu Chen
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Su
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Huan Ke
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
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Cao MH, Green NJ, Xu SZ. Application of the aza-Diels–Alder reaction in the synthesis of natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3105-3129. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Diels–Alder reaction that involves a nitrogen atom in the diene or dienophile is termed the aza-Diels–Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Cao
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- China
- Department of Pharmacy
| | - Nicholas J. Green
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- ACT
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Sheng-Zhen Xu
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- China
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5
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Li K, Ou J, Gao S. Total Synthesis of Camptothecin and Related Natural Products by a Flexible Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14778-14783. [PMID: 27781350 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A flexible strategy for constructing natural products containing indolizinone or quinolizinone scaffolds and their analogues was developed, which was based on a cascade exo hydroamination followed by spontaneous lactamization. This method was applied in the total synthesis of camptothecin in nine steps in a new ring-forming approach. It was also used to efficiently prepare five biogenetically or structurally related natural alkaloids, including 22-hydroxyacuminatine, oxypalmatine, norketoyobyrine, naucleficine, and nauclefine, as well as 35 natural-product-like molecules. We believe that this method and the small-molecule library prepared with it can open new avenues for studying the bioactivity of camptothecin and Nauclea natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jinjie Ou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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6
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Li K, Ou J, Gao S. Total Synthesis of Camptothecin and Related Natural Products by a Flexible Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 3663N Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Jinjie Ou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 3663N Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 3663N Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
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Gabrielli S, Giardinieri A, Sampaolesi S, Ballini R, Palmieri A. A New One-Pot Synthesis of Quinoline-2-carboxylates under Heterogeneous Conditions. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060776. [PMID: 27314321 PMCID: PMC6273069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline-2-carboxylates are an important subclass of quinoline derivatives largely present in a variety of biologically active molecules, as well as useful ligands in metal-catalyzed reactions. Herein, we present a new one-pot protocol for synthesizing this class of derivatives starting from β-nitroacrylates and 2-aminobenzaldehydes. In order to optimize the protocol, we investigated several reaction conditions, obtaining the best results using the 2-tert-Butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethylperhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine (BEMP) as solid base, in acetonitrile. Finally, we demonstrated the generality of our approach over several substrates which led to synthesize a plethora of functionalized quinolines-2-carboxylate derivatives in good overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Gabrielli
- Green Chemistry Group, Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Giardinieri
- Green Chemistry Group, Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Susanna Sampaolesi
- Green Chemistry Group, Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Roberto Ballini
- Green Chemistry Group, Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- Green Chemistry Group, Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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8
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Straightforward synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolines through intramolecular Povarov reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Narayan R, Daniliuc CG, Würthwein EU. Preparation of NH-Pyrroles under Superelectrophilic Conditions by an Aza-Nazarov Reaction Cascade with Indole as Neutral Leaving Group: Experiment and Theory. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Narayan R, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. Synthesis of Pyrroles through a 4π-Electrocyclic Ring-Closure Reaction of 1-Azapentadienyl Cations. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1868-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Narayan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10,
D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse
40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Turner CD, Ciufolini MA. Directed aromatic functionalization in natural-product synthesis: Fredericamycin A, nothapodytine B, and topopyrones B and D. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1475-85. [PMID: 22238520 PMCID: PMC3252846 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
THIS IS A REVIEW OF OUR EFFORTS TOWARD THE SYNTHESIS OF A GROUP OF NATURAL PRODUCTS THAT DISPLAY NOTEWORTHY BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY: Fredericamycin A, nothapodytine B, and topopyrones B and D. In each case, directed aromatic functionalization methodology greatly facilitated the assembly of the key molecular subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Dylan Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Marco A Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Yu S, Feng X, Luo Y, Lu W. Effective asymmetric synthesis of the key chiral building blocks of 20(S)- and 20(R)-camptothecins. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Ghavtadze N, Narayan R, Wibbeling B, Würthwein EU. 3-(Hetero)aryl-4-indolylamino-α-tetralones by diastereoselective internal redox cyclization: an "azaenamine" conjugate addition. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5185-97. [PMID: 21657793 DOI: 10.1021/jo200896y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(E)-3-(hetero)aryl-1-(2-((E)-(indolin-1-ylimino)methyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-ones 1 undergo 6-exo-trig cyclization reactions upon treatment with BF(3)·Me(2)S in dichloromethane at low temperature to give the tetralones 10 in good yield. This cyclization process can be considered to be an intramolecular Michael-type addition which is accompanied by an internal redox reaction as the indoline fragment is oxidized to indole with simultaneous hydrogen shift to nitrogen atom N1 and the α-carbon atom of the Michael system. The reactions at the iminic centers take place via umpolung of the classical carbonyl reactivity. The reaction is diastereoselective and affords exclusively 3,4-disubstituted α-tetralones 10 as trans-diastereomers. According to quantum chemical calculations the reactions take place under kinetic control with the trans-diastereomer being the kinetically favored product as it has the lower activation barrier compared to the cis-diastereomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nugzar Ghavtadze
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Ghavtadze N, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. Indole as Neutral Leaving Group in Silver Nitrate Induced Cyclization Reactions ofN-{2-[Alkynyl(hetero)aryl]methylene}indolin-1-amines for the Synthesis of Annulated Pyridine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Yu S, Luo Y, Liu H, Liu H, Lu W. Synthesis of the DE synthon of racemic camptothecin. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-009-0245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Shimada N, Ashburn BO, Basak AK, Bow WF, Vicic DA, Tius MA. Organocatalytic asymmetric aza-Nazarov cyclization of an azirine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3774-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b927564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Ghavtadze N, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. Acid-Mediated Electrocyclic Domino Transformations of 5,5-Disubstituted 1-Amino-1-azapenta-1,4-dien-3-ones into Dihydrospiroindenepyrazole and Dihydroindenodiazepine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4584-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900270e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nugzar Ghavtadze
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Ghavtadze N, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. Cyclization Reactions of 1-Amino-5-trifluoromethyl-5-thienyl-1-azapenta-1,4-dien-3-ones under Superelectrophilic Conditions: Synthesis of Novel Benzothiophenols, Cyclopentenols and Dihydrodiazepinols. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Boisse T, Gavara L, Hénichart JP, Rigo B, Gautret P. Toward new camptothecins. Part 5: On the synthesis of precursors for the crucial Friedländer reaction. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Boisse T, Gautret P, Rigo B, Goossens L, Hénichart JP, Gavara L. A new synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolines by a tandem electrocyclization–oxidation process. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Ghavtadze N, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. 2H-Pyrrole Derivatives from an Aza-Nazarov Reaction Cascade Involving Indole as the Neutral Leaving Group. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Abstract
A total synthesis of streptonigrone, 1, is described, which incorporates a one-step synthesis of substituted pyridones devised in our laboratory. Other aspects of the synthesis that differentiate the present approach from previous ones are the use of a Conrad-Limpach reaction, rather than the customary Friedländer methodology, to assemble the quinoline segment of 1, and the implementation of an anionic sequence for the functionalization of a key pyridone intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan K Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada BC V6T 1Z1
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Toward new camptothecins. Part 4: On the reactivity of nitro and amino precursors of aza analogs of 5-methoxycarbonyl camptothecin. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Bowman WR, Elsegood MRJ, Stein T, Weaver GW. Radical reactions with 3H-quinazolin-4-ones: synthesis of deoxyvasicinone, mackinazolinone, luotonin A, rutaecarpine and tryptanthrin. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:103-13. [PMID: 17164913 DOI: 10.1039/b614075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and acyl radicals have been cyclised onto the 2-position of 3H-quinazolin-4-one. The side chains containing the radical precursors were attached to the nitrogen atom in the 3-position. The cyclisations take place by aromatic homolytic substitution hence retain the aromaticity of the 3H-quinazolin-4-one ring. The highest yields were obtained using hexamethylditin to facilitate cyclisation rather than reduction without cyclisation. The alkaloids deoxyvasicinone , mackinazolinone , tryptanthrin , luotonin A and rutaecarpine were synthesised by radical cyclisation onto 3H-quinazolin-4-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russell Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics, UK
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A. Ciufolini M, K. Chan B. Methodology for the Synthesis of Pyridines and Pyridones: Development and Applications. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-07-sr(w)4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Dieker J, Fröhlich R, Würthwein EU. Substituted 3-Hydroxypyrroles from 1-Azapenta-1,4-dien-3-ones:The Aza-Nazarov Reaction – Synthesis and Quantum Chemical Calculations. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Peters R, Althaus M, Nagy AL. Practical formal total synthesis of (rac)- and (S)-camptothecin. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:498-509. [PMID: 16446808 DOI: 10.1039/b514147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical, efficient and scalable formal total synthesis of (rac)- and (S)-camptothecin is described, which proceeds via the known DE ring building blocks 19 and (S)-19, respectively. The racemic synthesis starts from diethyl oxalate and uses straightforward carbonyl chemistry in order to generate the pyridone ring system. 19 was formed in 8.4% overall yield over 9 linear steps avoiding any chromatographic purification. The asymmetric version of this approach encompassed a diastereoselective Grignard addition to the enantiomerically pure alpha-ketoester 30 in order to generate the (S)-configured quaternary stereocenter. The auxiliary could be recycled in high yield and was successfully reused multiple times. The final steps paralleled the racemic approach. (S)-19 was thus prepared in 9.4% overall yield (er = 95 : 5) over 10 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Peters
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceuticals Division, Safety and Technical Sciences, Synthesis and Process Research, Grenzacherstr. 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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28
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Brunin T, Hénichart JP, Rigo B. Towards new camptothecins. Part 2: Synthesis of the ABCD ring scaffold substituted by a carboxyl group in the 5-position. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Rahier NJ, Cheng K, Gao R, Eisenhauer BM, Hecht SM. Synthesis of 14-Azacamptothecin, a Water-Soluble Topoisomerase I Poison. Org Lett 2005; 7:835-7. [PMID: 15727453 DOI: 10.1021/ol0400701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
14-Azacamptothecin, a potent, water-soluble analogue of the antitumor agent camptothecin, has been prepared by a convergent synthesis. The key condensation of the AB and DE rings with concomitant formation of ring C of 14-aza CPT was carried out in two stages, the latter of which involved a radical cyclization strategy. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Rahier
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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30
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Salaün J. π-1,1-Dimethyleneallylmetal and Homologous Complexes: Their Application in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2005; 105:285-312. [PMID: 15720155 DOI: 10.1021/cr040201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Salaün
- Laboratoire des Carbocycles (CNRS, UMR 8615), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Bât. 420, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.
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31
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Twin H, Batey RA. Intramolecular Hetero Diels−Alder (Povarov) Approach to the Synthesis of the Alkaloids Luotonin A and Camptothecin†. Org Lett 2004; 6:4913-6. [PMID: 15606098 DOI: 10.1021/ol0479848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolines can be formed through the coupling of anilines with N-propargylic substituted heterocyclic aldehydes in the presence of mild Lewis acid catalysts (Ln(OTf)3). The coupling proceeds through sequential imine formation and a formal intramolecular aza-Diels-Alder (Povarov) reaction. This approach was applied in a total synthesis of luotonin A and a formal synthesis of camptothecin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Twin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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32
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Thomas CJ, Rahier NJ, Hecht SM. Camptothecin: current perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:1585-604. [PMID: 15028252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2003] [Accepted: 11/28/2003] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a detailed discussion of recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of camptothecin, a potent antitumor antibiotic. Two camptothecin analogues are presently approved for use in the clinic as antitumor agents and several others are in clinical trials. Camptothecin possesses a novel mechanism of action involving the inhibition of DNA relaxation by DNA topoisomerase I, and more specifically the stabilization of a covalent binary complex formed between topoisomerase I and DNA. This review summarizes the current status of studies of the mechanism of action of camptothecin, including topoisomerase I inhibition and additional cellular responses. Modern synthetic approaches to camptothecin and several of the semi-synthetic methods are also discussed. Finally, a systematic evaluation of novel and important analogues of camptothecin and their contribution to the current structure-activity profile are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Thomas
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
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33
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Synthesis of (±)-camptothecin using a [3+2] nitrone cycloaddition to construct the CDE ring moiety. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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35
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Du W. Towards new anticancer drugs: a decade of advances in synthesis of camptothecins and related alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)01203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Malecki N, Houssin R, Héanichart JP, Couturier D, Petra F, Legentil L, Rigo B. Studies on pyrrolidinones. Synthesis of new α-pyridones derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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38
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39
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Carles L, Narkunan K, Penlou S, Rousset L, Bouchu D, Ciufolini MA. 2-pyridones from cyanoacetamides and enecarbonyl compounds: application to the synthesis of nothapodytine B. J Org Chem 2002; 67:4304-8. [PMID: 12054967 DOI: 10.1021/jo025546d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The condensation of an enone or enal with cyanoacetamide derivatives and t-BuOK furnishes either 3-cyano-2-pyridones or 3-unsubstituted-2-pyridones, depending on whether the reaction is carried out in the presence or in the absence of O(2). In the first case, in situ oxidation of Michael-type intermediates takes place; in the second case, the products result from "decyanidative aromatization" of such intermediates. A one-step synthesis of 3-alkyl-2-pyridones has been devised on the basis of decyanative union of an enone/enal and a 2-alkylcyanoacetamide. The new reaction forms the centerpiece of an unusually concise synthesis of nothapodytine B (mappicine ketone).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Carles
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Méthodologie Organiques (LSMO)-UMR CNRS 5078, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
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40
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Ferrara M, Cordero FM, Goti A, Brandi A, Estieu K, Paugam R, Ollivier J, Salaün J. Intramolecular Cycloaddition/Rearrangement of Alkylidenecyclopropane Nitrones from Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Alkylation of Amino Acid Derivatives. European J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199911)1999:11<2725::aid-ejoc2725>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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