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Kühlborn J, Groß J, Opatz T. Making natural products from renewable feedstocks: back to the roots? Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:380-424. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the utilization of biomass-derived building blocks in the total synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kühlborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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Karier P, Ungeheuer F, Ahlers A, Anderl F, Wille C, Fürstner A. Metathesis at an Implausible Site: A Formal Total Synthesis of Rhizoxin D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:248-253. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Karier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Felix Ungeheuer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Andreas Ahlers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Felix Anderl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Christian Wille
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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3
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Karier P, Ungeheuer F, Ahlers A, Anderl F, Wille C, Fürstner A. Metathesis at an Implausible Site: A Formal Total Synthesis of Rhizoxin D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Karier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Felix Ungeheuer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Andreas Ahlers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Felix Anderl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Christian Wille
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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4
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Formation of β-Lactones by [2+2] Cycloaddition of Dichloroketene with Unreactive Carbonyl Compounds. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-8088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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Ramazani A, Nasrabadi FZ, Ahankar H, Asiabi PA, Sadri F, Joo SW. The reaction of N-isocyaniminotriphenylphosphorane (NICITPP) with 2-oxopropyl-1-benzenecarbothioate and a primary amine in the presence of benzoic acid derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1067213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Hamideh Ahankar
- Department of Chemistry, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran
| | | | - Fariba Sadri
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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7
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Mineeva IV. Asymmetric syntheses of the lactone core of tetrahydrolipstatin and tetrahydroesterastin and of the oriental hornet Vespa Orientalis pheromone. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015060044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Malapit CA, Chitale SM, Thakur MS, Taboada R, Howell AR. Pt-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Oxaspirohexanes to 3-Methylenetetrahydrofurans: Scope and Mechanism. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5196-209. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Malapit
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Sampada M. Chitale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Meena S. Thakur
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Rosa Taboada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Amy R. Howell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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9
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Mulzer M, Coates GW. Carbonylation of cis-Disubstituted Epoxides to trans-β-Lactones: Catalysts Displaying Steric and Contrasteric Regioselectivity. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11851-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501899e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mulzer
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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10
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Yadav JS, Dachavaram SS, Peddapuram A, Das S. Convergent synthesis of panclicin-D via intramolecular SN2 displacement approach. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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12
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Ketenes as Privileged Synthons in the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 1. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800170-7.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Ramazani A, Nasrabadi FZ. The Reaction of Thioacids with α-Haloketones in Water: an Environmentally Green Synthesis of Thioester Derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2012.740704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ramazani
- a Department of Chemistry, Zanjan Branch , Islamic Azad University , Zanjan , Iran
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14
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Fernandes RA, Halle MB. Total Synthesis of Both Spiroketal Diastereomers of the Reported Structure of Cephalosporolide H. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Karimi Zarchi MA, Nejabat M. Convenient synthesis of alkyl thioacetate from alkyl halide using a polymer-supported sodium thioacetate. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-012-0093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Zhao C, Mitchell TA, Vallakati R, Pérez LM, Romo D. Mechanistic Investigations of the ZnCl2-Mediated Tandem Mukaiyama Aldol Lactonization: Evidence for Asynchronous, Concerted Transition States and Discovery of 2-Oxopyridyl Ketene Acetal Variants. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:3084-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209163w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cunxiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and #Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Campus Box
4160, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - T. Andrew Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and #Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Campus Box
4160, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Ravikrishna Vallakati
- Department of Chemistry and #Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Campus Box
4160, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Lisa M. Pérez
- Department of Chemistry and #Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Campus Box
4160, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and #Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Campus Box
4160, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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17
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Synthesis of S-alkyl thiobenzoates from alkyl halides mediated by poly(4-vinylpyridine) supported sodium thiobenzoate at room temperature under heterogeneous conditions. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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De Pascale G, Nazi I, Harrison PHM, Wright GD. β-Lactone natural products and derivatives inactivate homoserine transacetylase, a target for antimicrobial agents. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2011; 64:483-7. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2011.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Dan W, Deng H, Chen J, Liu M, Ding J, Wu H. A new odorless one-pot synthesis of thioesters and selenoesters promoted by Rongalite®. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Mitchell TA, Zhao C, Romo D. Diastereoselective, three-component cascade synthesis of tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans employing the tandem Mukaiyama aldol-lactonization process. J Org Chem 2009; 73:9544-51. [PMID: 19053579 DOI: 10.1021/jo801604k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A full account of studies leading to the development of a cascade sequence that generates as many as two C-C bonds, one C-O bond, and three new stereocenters providing substituted tetrahydrofurans (THFs) from simple gamma-ketoaldehydes and thiopyridyl ketene acetals is described. The process involves a tandem Mukaiyama aldol-lactonization (TMAL) and accumulated evidence suggests the intermediacy of a silylated beta-lactone that is intercepted by the pendant ketone. Formation of a cyclic oxocarbenium is followed by reduction with silicon-based nucleophiles leading to a highly diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydrofurans. This cascade process has now been extended to the synthesis of tetrahydropyrans from simple delta-ketoaldehydes. The stereochemical outcome of the cascade processes described was determined by NOE correlations, coupling constant analysis, and X-ray crystallography of the derived oxygen heterocycles and is in accord with established and recently proposed models for nucleophilic additions to cyclic 5- and 6-membered oxocarbenium ions. The utility of this process was demonstrated by the synthesis of the tetrahydrofuran fragment of colopsinol B.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Andrew Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
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22
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Felkin–Anh selectivity in Rh(bisoxazolinylphenyl)-catalyzed reductive aldol coupling reaction: asymmetric synthesis of stereotriads. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Richardson RD, Ma G, Oyola Y, Zancanella M, Knowles LM, Cieplak P, Romo D, Smith JW. Synthesis of novel beta-lactone inhibitors of fatty acid synthase. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5285-96. [PMID: 18710210 DOI: 10.1021/jm800321h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is necessary for growth and survival of tumor cells and is a promising drug target for oncology. Here, we report on the syntheses and activity of novel inhibitors of the thioesterase domain of FAS. Using the structure of orlistat as a starting point, which contains a beta-lactone as the central pharmacophore, 28 novel congeners were synthesized and examined. Structural features such as the length of the alpha- and beta-alkyl chains, their chemical composition, and amino ester substitutions were altered and the resulting compounds explored for inhibitory activity toward the thioesterase domain of FAS. Nineteen congeners show improved potency for FAS in biochemical assays relative to orlistat. Three of that subset, including the natural product valilactone, also display an increased potency in inducing tumor cell death and improved solubility compared to orlistat. These findings support the idea that an orlistat congener can be optimized for use in a preclinical drug design and for clinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn D Richardson
- NCI Cancer Center, The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Mitchell T, Zhao C, Romo D. Highly Diastereoselective, Tandem, Three-Component Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans from Ketoaldehydes via Silylated β-Lactone Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Mitchell T, Zhao C, Romo D. Highly Diastereoselective, Tandem, Three-Component Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans from Ketoaldehydes via Silylated β-Lactone Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5026-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Zhang W, Richardson RD, Chamni S, Smith JW, Romo D. Beta-lactam congeners of orlistat as inhibitors of fatty acid synthase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2491-4. [PMID: 18343106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Beta-lactam derivatives of orlistat were prepared and their inhibitory activities toward the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS-TE) were evaluated using a recombinant form of the enzyme. While in general these derivatives showed lower potency compared to beta-lactones, a reasonably potent, lead compound (-)-9 (IC(50)=8.6microM) was discovered that suggests that this class of compounds should be evaluated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
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Mitchell TA, Romo D. Diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydrofurans via mead reductive cyclization of keto-beta-lactones derived from the tandem Mukaiyama aldol lactonization (TMAL) process. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9053-9. [PMID: 17973527 PMCID: PMC2597427 DOI: 10.1021/jo7014246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a diastereoselective, three-step strategy for the construction of substituted tetrahydrofurans from alkenyl aldehydes based on the tandem Mukaiyama aldol-lactonization process and Mead reductive cyclization of keto beta-lactones is reported. Stereochemical outcomes of the TMAL process are consistent with models established for Lewis acid-mediated additions to alpha-benzyloxy and beta-silyloxy aldehydes while reductions of the five-membered oxocarbenium ions are consistent with Woerpel's models. Further rationalization for observed high diastereoselectivity in reductions of alpha-silyloxy 5-membered oxocarbenium ions based on stereoelectronic effects are posited. A diagnostic trend for coupling constants of gamma-benzyloxy beta-lactones was observed that should enable assignment of the relative configuration of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Andrew Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 30012, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 30012, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012
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28
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Ma G, Zancanella M, Oyola Y, Richardson RD, Smith JW, Romo D. Total synthesis and comparative analysis of orlistat, valilactone, and a transposed orlistat derivative: Inhibitors of fatty acid synthase. Org Lett 2007; 8:4497-500. [PMID: 16986934 DOI: 10.1021/ol061651o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Concise syntheses of orlistat (Xenical), a two-carbon transposed orlistat derivative, and valilactone are described that employ the tandem Mukaiyama aldol-lactonization (TMAL) process as a key step. This process allows facile modification of the alpha-side chain. Versatile strategies for modifying the delta-side chain are described, involving cuprate addition and olefin metathesis. Comparative antagonistic activity of these derivatives toward a recombinant form of the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase is reported along with comparative activity-based profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
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Purohit VC, Richardson RD, Smith JW, Romo D. Practical, catalytic, asymmetric synthesis of beta-lactones via a sequential ketene dimerization/hydrogenation process: inhibitors of the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase. J Org Chem 2007; 71:4549-58. [PMID: 16749788 DOI: 10.1021/jo060392d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recent finding that the FDA-approved antiobesity agent orlistat (tetrahydrolipstatin, Xenical) is a potent inhibitor of the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS) led us to develop a concise and practical asymmetric route to pseudosymmetric 3,4-dialkyl-cis-beta-lactones. The well-documented up-regulation of FAS in cancer cells makes this enzyme complex an interesting therapeutic target for cancer. The described route to 3,4-dialkyl-beta-lactones is based on a two-step process involving Calter's catalytic, asymmetric ketene dimerization of acid chlorides followed by a facial-selective hydrogenation leading to cis-substituted-beta-lactones. Importantly, the ketene dimer intermediates were found to be stable to flash chromatography, enabling opportunities for subsequent transformations of these optically active, reactive intermediates. Subsequent alpha-epimerization and alpha-alkylation or acylation led to trans-beta-lactones and beta-lactones bearing alpha-quaternary carbons, respectively. Several of the ketene dimers and beta-lactones displayed antagonistic activity (apparent Ki in the low micromolar range) in competition with a fluorogenic substrate toward a recombinant form of the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase. The best antagonist, a simple phenyl-substituted cis-beta-lactone 3d, displayed an apparent Ki (2.5 +/- 0.5 microM) of only approximately 10-fold lower than that of orlistat (0.28 +/- 0.06 microM). In addition, mechanistic studies of the ketene dimerization process by ReactionView infrared spectroscopy support previous findings that ketene formation is rate determining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram C Purohit
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
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Cho SW, Romo D. Total Synthesis of (−)-Belactosin C and Derivatives via Double Diastereoselective Tandem Mukaiyama Aldol Lactonizations. Org Lett 2007; 9:1537-40. [PMID: 17378572 DOI: 10.1021/ol070275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The enantioselective synthesis of (-)-belactosin C and derivatives was accomplished in a concise manner employing the tandem, Mukaiyama aldol-lactonizaton (TMAL) process. One approach involved a distal double diastereoselective TMAL reaction with a dipeptide glyoxamide, whereas a second approach involved amide coupling of a dipeptide with a beta-lactone carboxylic acid, obtained via the TMAL process employing a chiral silyl ketene acetal. Notable improvements in diastereoselectivity were achieved in a proximal double diastereoselective TMAL process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
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31
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Bandgar SB, Bandgar B, Korbad B, Sawant S. Dess–Martin periodinane mediated synthesis of thioesters from aldehydes. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Trost BM, Papillon JPN, Nussbaumer T. Ru-catalyzed alkene-alkyne coupling. Total synthesis of amphidinolide P. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:17921-37. [PMID: 16351124 PMCID: PMC2533515 DOI: 10.1021/ja055967n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A coordinatively unsaturated ruthenium complex catalyzed the formation of a carbon-carbon bond between two judiciously chosen alkene and alkyne partners in good yield, and in a chemo- and regioselective fashion, despite the significant degree of unsaturation of the substrates. The resulting 1,4-diene forms the backbone of the cytotoxic marine natural product amphidinolide P. The alkene partner was rapidly assembled from (R)-glycidyl tosylate, which served as a linchpin in a one-flask, sequential three-components coupling process using vinyllithium and a vinyl cyanocuprate. The synthesis of the alkyne partner made use of an unusual anti-selective addition under chelation-control conditions of an allyltin reagent derived from tiglic acid. In addition, a remarkably E-selective E2 process using the azodicarboxylate-triphenylphosphine system is featured. Also featured is the first example of the use of a beta-lactone as a thermodynamic spring to effect macrolactonization. The oxetanone ring was thus used as a productive protecting group that increased the overall efficiency of this total synthesis. This work was also an opportunity to further probe the scope of the ruthenium-catalyzed alkene-alkyne coupling, in particular using enynes, and studies using various functionalized substrates are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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33
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Bandgar BP, Pandit SS. A novel and direct synthesis of thiolesters using cyanuric chloride under mild conditions. J Sulphur Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/17415990412331317928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kridel SJ, Axelrod F, Rozenkrantz N, Smith JW. Orlistat is a novel inhibitor of fatty acid synthase with antitumor activity. Cancer Res 2004; 64:2070-5. [PMID: 15026345 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the fundamental principles of pharmacology is that most drugs have side effects. Although considerable attention is paid to detrimental side effects, drugs can also have beneficial side effects. Given the time and expense of drug development, it would be particularly exciting if a systematic method could be applied to reveal all of the activities, including the unappreciated actions, of a potential drug. The present study takes the first step along this path. An activity-based proteomics strategy was used to simultaneously identify targets and screen for their inhibitors in prostate cancer. Orlistat, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug used for treating obesity, was included in this screen. Surprisingly, we find a new molecular target and a potential new application for Orlistat. Orlistat is a novel inhibitor of the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase, an enzyme strongly linked to tumor progression. By virtue of its ability to inhibit fatty acid synthase, Orlistat halts tumor cell proliferation, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibits the growth of PC-3 tumors in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Kridel
- Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Schmittel M, Haeuseler A, Nilges T, Pfitzner A. The elusive aldol reaction of enolates with aldolates--a highly stereoselective process using three different carbonyl components. Chem Commun (Camb) 2003:34-5. [PMID: 12610952 DOI: 10.1039/b209536j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three different carbonyl components are assembled to tetrahydropyran-2,4-diols by two successive diastereoselective aldol reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schmittel
- FB 8-OC1 (Chemie-Biologie), Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
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Romo D, Rzasa RM, Schmitz WD, Yang J, Cohn ST, Buchler IP, Shea HA, Park K, Langenhan JM, Messerschmidt NB, Cox MM. Total synthesis of marine natural products driven by novel structure, potent biological activity, and/or synthetic methodology. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2001:103-48. [PMID: 11077607 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-04042-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Romo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station 77842-3012, USA
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Harrowven DC, Lucas MC, Howes PD. A simple and direct method for converting thioamides into thioesters. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)01096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Romo D, Harrison PH, Jenkins SI, Riddoch RW, Park K, Yang HW, Zhao C, Wright GD. Synthesis and inhibitory action on HMG-CoA synthase of racemic and optically active oxetan-2-ones (beta-lactones). Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:1255-72. [PMID: 9784867 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A homologous series of both C3-unsubstituted and C3-methyl substituted oxetan-2-ones (beta-lactones) was investigated as potential inhibitors of yeast 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase. Several reported methods for racemic beta-lactone synthesis were studied for preparation of the target series. In addition, a novel aluminum-based Lewis acid obtained by combination of Et2AlCl with (1R,2R)-2-[(diphenyl)hydroxymethyl] cyclohexan-1-ol was studied for the asymmetric [2 + 2] cycloaddition of aldehydes and trimethylsilylketene. This Lewis acid exhibited good reactivity but variable enantioselectivity (22-85% ee). In in vitro assays using both native and recombinant HMG-CoA synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, oxetan-2-ones mono-substituted at C4 with linear alkyl chains gave IC50s that decreased monotonically with chain length up to 10 carbons and then rose rapidly for longer chains. The trans isomers of 3-methyl-4-alkyl-oxetan-2-ones showed a similar trend but had 1.3- to 5.6-fold lower IC50s. The results imply a substantial hydrophobic pocket in this enzyme that interacts with both C-3 and C-4 substituents of oxetan-2-one inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Romo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-3012, USA.
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