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You L, Yuan W, He C. Intermolecular Dehydrogenative C−H/Si−H Cross‐Coupling for the Synthesis of Arylbenzyl Bis(silanes). European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun You
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Chuan He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen Guangdong China
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2
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Weidmann N, Harenberg JH, Knochel P. Continuous Flow Preparation of (Hetero)benzylic Lithiums via Iodine-Lithium Exchange Reaction under Barbier Conditions. Org Lett 2020; 22:5895-5899. [PMID: 32701295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the generation of benzylic lithiums via an iodine-lithium exchange reaction on benzylic iodides performed in continuous flow using tBuLi as the exchange reagent. The resulting benzylic lithium species are trapped in situ by carbonyl electrophiles under Barbier conditions, resulting in benzylic secondary and tertiary alcohols. This flow procedure further allows the generation of highly reactive heterobenzylic lithium compounds, which are difficult to generate under batch conditions. A general scale-up was possible without further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Weidmann
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Johannes H Harenberg
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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3
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Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Tsuchihashi Y, Hirose K, Takumi M, Yoshida JI. Generation and Reaction of Functional Alkyllithiums by Using Microreactors and Their Application to Heterotelechelic Polymer Synthesis. Chemistry 2019; 25:13719-13727. [PMID: 31400025 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flow microreactors enabled the successful generation of various functional alkyllithiums containing electrophilic functional groups, as well as the use of these alkyllithiums in subsequent reactions. The high reactivity of these series of reactions could be achieved by the extremely accurate and selective control of residence time. Moreover, integrated flow microreactor systems could be used to successfully synthesize heterotelechelic polymers with two functionalities, one at each end, via a process involving controlled anionic polymerization initiated by functional alkyllithium compounds, followed by trapping reactions with difunctional electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takumi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
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4
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Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Hirose K, Tsuchihashi Y, Yoshida JI. Alkyllithium Compounds Bearing Electrophilic Functional Groups: A Flash Chemistry Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4027-4030. [PMID: 30690827 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Flash chemistry based on flow microreactor systems allowed alkyllithiums bearing electrophilic functional groups to be successfully generated and used for subsequent reactions. The series of reactions with high reactivity was achieved by extremely accurate control over residence time in a controlled and selective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
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5
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Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Hirose K, Tsuchihashi Y, Yoshida J. Alkyllithium Compounds Bearing Electrophilic Functional Groups: A Flash Chemistry Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun‐ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of TechnologySuzuka College Shiroko-cho, Suzuka Mie 510-0294 Japan
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Nagaki A, Tsuchihashi Y, Haraki S, Yoshida JI. Benzyllithiums bearing aldehyde carbonyl groups. A flash chemistry approach. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7140-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00958h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reductive lithiation of benzyl halides bearing aldehyde carbonyl groups followed by reaction with subsequently added electrophiles was successfully accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - Suguru Haraki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
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7
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Raab MS, Breitkreutz I, Anderhub S, Rønnest MH, Leber B, Larsen TO, Weiz L, Konotop G, Hayden PJ, Podar K, Fruehauf J, Nissen F, Mier W, Haberkorn U, Ho AD, Goldschmidt H, Anderson KC, Clausen MH, Krämer A. GF-15, a novel inhibitor of centrosomal clustering, suppresses tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res 2012; 72:5374-85. [PMID: 22942257 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to normal cells, malignant cells are frequently aneuploid and contain multiple centrosomes. To allow for bipolar mitotic division, supernumerary centrosomes are clustered into two functional spindle poles in many cancer cells. Recently, we have shown that griseofulvin forces tumor cells with supernumerary centrosomes to undergo multipolar mitoses resulting in apoptotic cell death. Here, we describe the characterization of the novel small molecule GF-15, a derivative of griseofulvin, as a potent inhibitor of centrosomal clustering in malignant cells. At concentrations where GF-15 had no significant impact on tubulin polymerization, spindle tension was markedly reduced in mitotic cells upon exposure to GF-15. Moreover, isogenic cells with conditional centrosome amplification were more sensitive to GF-15 than parental controls. In a wide array of tumor cell lines, mean inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) for proliferation and survival were in the range of 1 to 5 μmol/L and were associated with apoptotic cell death. Importantly, treatment of mouse xenograft models of human colon cancer and multiple myeloma resulted in tumor growth inhibition and significantly prolonged survival. These results show the in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of a prototype small molecule inhibitor of centrosomal clustering and strongly support the further evaluation of this new class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Raab
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Azzena U, Dettori G, Sforazzini G, Yus M, Foubelo F. Regioselectivity in arene-catalyzed reductive lithiation of acetals of chlorobenzaldehydes. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Knochel P, Dohle W, Gommermann N, Kneisel FF, Kopp F, Korn T, Sapountzis I, Vu VA. Highly functionalized organomagnesium reagents prepared through halogen-metal exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 42:4302-20. [PMID: 14502700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organomagnesium reagents occupy a central position in synthetic organic and organometallic chemistry. Recently, the halogen-magnesium exchange has considerably extended the range of functionalized Grignard reagents available for synthetic purposes. Functional groups such as esters, nitriles, iodides, imines, or even nitro groups can be present in a wide range of aromatic and heterocyclic organomagnesium reagents. Also various highly functionalized alkenyl magnesium species can be prepared. These recent developments as well as new applications of organomagnesium reagents in cross-coupling reactions and amination reactions will be covered in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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11
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Azzena U, Dettori G, Pireddu R, Pisano L. Reductive lithiation of alkoxy-substituted benzyl methyl ethers and connection with cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Nájera C, Sansano JM, Yus M. Recent synthetic uses of functionalised aromatic and heteroaromatic organolithium reagents prepared by non-deprotonating methods. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Yus M, Martínez P, Guijarro D. Direct Transformation of Allylic and Benzylic Thiols, Thioethers, and Disulfides into Organolithium Compounds. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120021518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Lithiophenylalkyllithiums: new dilithium reagents having both sp2- and sp3-hybridised remote carbanionic centres. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Yus M, Gómez C, Candela P. Polyphenylene as an electron transfer catalyst in lithiation processes. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Boudier A, Bromm LO, Lotz M, Knochel P. Neue Anwendungen für polyfunktionalisierte Organometallverbindungen in der organischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001215)112:24<4584::aid-ange4584>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Boudier A, Bromm LO, Lotz M, Knochel P. New Applications of Polyfunctional Organometallic Compounds in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001215)39:24<4414::aid-anie4414>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Ramón DJ, Yus M. New Methodologies Based on Arene-Catalyzed Lithiation Reactions and Their Application to Synthetic Organic Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200001)2000:2<225::aid-ejoc225>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Generation of allylic and benzylic organolithium reagents from the corresponding ester, amide, carbonate, carbamate and urea derivatives. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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3-Chloropropyl phenyl ether as a 1,3-dilithiopropane source: sequential reaction with carbonyl compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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