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Vasil’ev NV, Kostryukova TS, Zatonsky GV, Vatsadze SZ. Fluorinated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and other azoles in cycloaddition reactions. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-016-1948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sears JE, Boger DL. Tandem Intramolecular Diels-Alder/1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Cascade of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles: Initial Scope and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:241-51. [PMID: 26813287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A summary of the development and initial studies on the scope of a powerful tandem intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles is detailed and provides the foundation for its subsequent use in organic synthesis. Implemented with substrates in which both the initiating dienophile and subsequent dipolarophile are tethered to the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, the studies expanded the scope of oxadiazoles that participate in the reaction cascade, permitted the use of differentiated dienophiles and dipolarophiles, extended their use to unsymmetrical dienophiles and dipolarophiles, provided exclusive control of the cycloaddition regioselectivities, and imposed exquisite control on the cycloaddition stereochemistry. As key reactivity and stereochemical features of the reactions were being defined, the cascade cycloaddition reaction was implemented in the total synthesis of a series of alkaloids including (-)-vindoline, (-)-vindorosine, the closely related natural products (+)-4-desacetoxyvindoline and (+)-4-desacetoxyvindorosine, natural minovine, (+)-N-methylaspidospermidine, (+)-spegazzinine, (-)-aspidospermine, and a number of key analogues. Most recently, it was used in the divergent total syntheses of (+)-fendleridine, (-)-kopsinine, (-)-kopsifoline D, and (-)-deoxoapodine, in which four different strategic bonds in four different classes of the hexacyclic alkaloids were formed from a common cascade cycloaddition intermediate. A large number of vindoline analogues were prepared by variations on the cascade cycloaddition reaction for single step incorporation into analogues of vinblastine. These structural changes to vindoline permitted both systematic alterations to the peripheral substituents as well as deep-seated changes to the core structure and embedded functionality of vinblastine not previously accessible. Although explored initially for accessing vindoline and vinblastine, the use of the cycloaddition cascade in the total synthesis of an impressive range of additional natural products illustrate the power of the methodology. Alternative tethering strategies for the cascade cycloaddition reaction, combined intramolecular and intermolecular variants of either the initiating Diels-Alder reaction or the subsequent carbonyl ylide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, an expanded examination of the tethered dipolarophile scope, and applications to additional natural product classes represent attractive areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E. Sears
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Ghasemabadi PG, Yao T, Bodwell GJ. Cyclophanes containing large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6494-518. [PMID: 26024232 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00274e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophanes have been firmly entrenched as a distinct class of compounds for well over half a century. The two main factors that have kept this field of chemistry going so strongly for such a long time are tremendous structural diversity and the interesting behaviour that is often observed. Although a very large number cyclophanes has been reported, only a very small proportion of them contain polycyclic aromatic systems that can be thought of as "large", i.e. with ≥4 rings. This Review puts the spotlight on such cyclophanes, illuminating both the chemistry that was used to synthesize them and what was learned from studying them. Context for the main body is provided by the careful consideration of the anatomy of a cyclophane and the classification of general synthetic approaches. The subsequent sections cover eleven different PAHs and are organized primarily according to increasing size of the aromatic system, starting with pyrene (C16, the only large polycyclic aromatic system to have been incorporated into numerous cyclophanes) and ending with hexabenzo[bc,ef,hi,kl,no,qr]coronene (C42).
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Rack-mounted chemistry IV: the thermal rearrangement of 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes into benzo[b]oxepines on and off the polycyclic rack. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Trošelj P, Đilović I, Matković-Čalogović D, Margetić D. Synthesis of Functionalized Polynorbornanes Employing 2,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Trošelj
- Laboratory for Physical-Organic Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; 10001; Zagreb; Croatia
| | - Ivica Đilović
- Laboratory of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000; Zagreb; Croatia
| | - Dubravka Matković-Čalogović
- Laboratory of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000; Zagreb; Croatia
| | - Davor Margetić
- Laboratory for Physical-Organic Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; 10001; Zagreb; Croatia
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Lowe AJ, Long BM, Pfeffer FM. Conformationally preorganised hosts for anions using norbornane and fused [n]polynorbornane frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3376-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chou TC, Liao KC, Hwa CL, Tseng JC. Bicyclo[2.2.2]octene-Based Molecular Tweezers and Cyclophanes. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Margetić D, Eckert-Maksić M, Trošelj P, Marinić Ž. Reaction of 2,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole with 7-oxanorbornenes revisited: Experimental and quantum-chemical study of reaction stereoselectivity. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Mashraqui SH, Sanghvikar Y, Ghadhigaonkar S, Kumar S, Meetsma A, Dâu ETH. [3.3]Dithia-bridged cyclophanes featuring a thienothiophene ring: synthesis, structures and conformational analysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2009; 5:74. [PMID: 20300459 PMCID: PMC2839788 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.5.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of [3.3]dithia-bridged cyclophanes 7, 9 and 11 incorporating a fused heterocycle, thieno[2,3-b]thiophene is described. The structures are established by 1H NMR analysis and, in the case of 11, also by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Conformational analysis by variable temperature NMR suggests that cyclophanes 7, 9 and 11 exhibit conformationally rigid bridges and rings at least up to 130 °C. Energy minimization of 11 revealed anti-11 to be the most stable conformation. Although, the computed energy difference between the most stable conformation anti-11 and the next higher energy conformation syn-anti-11 is only 2.98 kJ/mol, it is intriguing that 11 does not exhibit thia-bridge inversion even at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabir H Mashraqui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz E, Mumbai 400 098.
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Robbins SJ, Thibault ME, Masuda JD, Ward DR, Boeré RT, Dibble PW. X-ray structures of cyclophanes derived from naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]difuran and the synthesis, structure, and reaction kinetics of its 1,3,6,8-tetrasilylated derivative. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5192-8. [PMID: 19537761 DOI: 10.1021/jo900582r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A silylated derivative of naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]difuran, 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]difuran, has been isolated and its X-ray crystal structure determined. Bond localization confirms the polyene character of this isobenzofuran ring system. This molecule undergoes two successive Diels-Alder reactions with second-order rate constants differing by over 2 orders of magnitude, consistent with predictions based on their structure-count ratios and with the reactivity of the novel 1,3-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)isobenzofuran. Crystal structures of two cyclophanes derived from the reaction of naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]difuran and bis(imide) or bis(ester) dienophiles show marked differences in the conformation of the aliphatic chain found in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Robbins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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11
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Thibault ME, Parvez M, Dibble PW. (2 R,3a R,4 S,7 R,7a S,9 R,10a R,11 S,14 R,14a S)- rel-3a,4,7,7a,10a,11,14,14a-Octahydro-4,14:7,11-diepoxy-2,9-propanonaphtho[1,2- f:5,6- f′]diisoindole-1,3,8,10-tetrone (9CI): a cyclophane derived from naphtho[1,2- c:5,6- c]difuran. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1837. [PMID: 21201810 PMCID: PMC2960623 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808025397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C25H18N2O6, is a naphthalenophane styled in the manner of Warrener's alicyclic cyclophanes or molecular racks wherein a trimethylene tether is perfectly staggered between the two N atoms such that the central methylene H atoms point toward the naphthalene π-system. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two benzene rings is 7.61 (7)°.
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Oxa-bridged cyclophanes featuring thieno[2,3-b]thiophene and C2-symmetric binol or bis-naphthol rings: synthesis, structures, and conformational studies. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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