1
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Fujimoto J, Okamoto R, Noguchi N, Hara R, Masada S, Kawamoto T, Nagase H, Tamura YO, Imanishi M, Takagahara S, Kubo K, Tohyama K, Iida K, Andou T, Miyahisa I, Matsui J, Hayashi R, Maekawa T, Matsunaga N. Discovery of 3,5-Diphenyl-4-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones as Novel, Potent, and Orally Available Δ-5 Desaturase (D5D) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8963-8981. [PMID: 29023121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and optimization of Δ-5 desaturase (D5D) inhibitors are described. Investigation of the 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one scaffold was inspired by a pharmacophore model constructed from the common features of several hit compounds, resulting in the identification of 3,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 5h as a novel lead showing potent in vitro activity. Subsequent optimization focused on the modification of two metabolic sites, which provided (4S,5S)-5i, a derivative with improved metabolic stability. Moreover, adding a substituent into the upper phenyl moiety further enhanced the intrinsic activity, which led to the discovery of 5-[(4S,5S)-5-(4fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile (4S,5S)-5n, endowed with excellent D5D binding affinity, cellular activity, and high oral bioavailability in a mouse. It exhibited robust in vivo hepatic arachidonic acid/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ratio reduction (a target engagement marker) in an atherosclerosis mouse model. Finally, an asymmetric synthetic procedure for this compound was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fujimoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Rei Okamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Noguchi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryoma Hara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shinichi Masada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kawamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yumiko Okano Tamura
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Imanishi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shuichi Takagahara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kubo
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kimio Tohyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Iida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Andou
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Miyahisa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Junji Matsui
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryouta Hayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Maekawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matsunaga
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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Ghrab S, Aroua L, Beji M. One-pot Three Component Synthesis of ω-(oxathiolan-2-thion-5-yl)-α-oxazolidin-2-ones. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Ghrab
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis; Tunis El-Manar University; El Manar I 2092 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Aroua
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis; Tunis El-Manar University; El Manar I 2092 Tunis Tunisia
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences, Qassim University; Buraida Qassim Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Beji
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis; Tunis El-Manar University; El Manar I 2092 Tunis Tunisia
- Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Tunis; Tunis University, Montfleury; Tunis Tunisia
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3
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Elageed EHM, Chen B, Wang B, Zhang Y, Wu S, Liu X, Gao G. Selective Synthesis of 5-Substituted N
-Aryloxazolidinones by Cycloaddition Reaction of Epoxides with Arylcarbamates Catalyzed by the Ionic Liquid BmimOAc. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elnazeer H. M. Elageed
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; North Zhongshan Road 3663 200062 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Bihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; North Zhongshan Road 3663 200062 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Binshen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; North Zhongshan Road 3663 200062 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yongya Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; North Zhongshan Road 3663 200062 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Shi Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; North Zhongshan Road 3663 200062 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; North Zhongshan Road 3663 200062 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Guohua Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; North Zhongshan Road 3663 200062 Shanghai P. R. China
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Abad JL, Nieves I, Rayo P, Casas J, Fabriàs G, Delgado A. Straightforward access to spisulosine and 4,5-dehydrospisulosine stereoisomers: probes for profiling ceramide synthase activities in intact cells. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5858-66. [PMID: 23679346 DOI: 10.1021/jo400440z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthesis of spisulosine (ES285) and 4,5-dehydrospisulosine stereoisomers is described. Hydrozirconation of 1-pentadecyne with Schwartz reagent, followed by diastereocontrolled addition to L- or D-alaninal afforded the required 2-amino-1,3-diol framework. The resulting sphingoid bases revealed as excellent probes for the profiling of ceramide synthase activity in intact cells. Among the sphingoid bases described in this work, spisulosine (ES285), RBM1-77, and RBM1-73 were the most suitable ones because of their highest acylation rates. These molecules should prove useful to study the role of the different ceramide synthases and the resulting N-acyl (dihydro)ceramides in cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Abad
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Veeraswamy S, Reddy KI, Ragavan RV, Yennam S, Jayashree A. Ethyl Imidazole-1-carboxylate (EImC) as a Carbonylating Agent: Efficient Synthesis of Oxazolidin-2-ones from Amino Alcohols. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2013.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Veeraswamy
- Chemistry Services, GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
| | | | | | | | - A. Jayashree
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
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Chemoenzymatic preparation of optically active trans- and cis-cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-diamine and trans-6-aminocyclohex-3-enol derivatives. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Kelebekli L, Balcı N, Şahin E. Oxazolidinone polycyclitols. Stereospecific synthesis of novel aminocarbasugars with oxazolidinone ring. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Sarkar A, Roy SR, Parikh N, Chakraborti AK. Nonsolvent Application of Ionic Liquids: Organo-Catalysis by 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Cation Based Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids for Chemoselective N-tert-Butyloxycarbonylation of Amines and the Influence of the C-2 Hydrogen on Catalytic Efficiency. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7132-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201102q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sarkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Naisargee Parikh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Asit K. Chakraborti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
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9
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Quijada FJ, Gotor V, Rebolledo F. Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of (±)-cis-N-(Alkoxycarbonyl)cyclopentane-1,2-diamines based on Spontaneous Racemization. Org Lett 2010; 12:3602-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Javier Quijada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisca Rebolledo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
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10
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El Moncef A, El Hadrami EM, González MA, Zaballos E, Zaragozá RJ. Experimental and DFT study of the conversion of ephedrine derivatives into oxazolidinones. Double SN2 mechanism against SN1 mechanism. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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DMAP-catalyzed synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones from corresponding halohydrins using KOCN/DMF. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Jörg G, Hémery T, Bertau M. Effects of cell stress protectant glutathione on the whole-cell biotransformation of ethyl 2-chloro-acetoacetate withSaccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500068231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Pinheiro EDS, Antunes OAC, Fortunak JMD. A survey of the syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients for antiretroviral drug combinations critical to access in emerging nations. Antiviral Res 2008; 79:143-65. [PMID: 18571246 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2006] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been roughly 25 years since the threat posed by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) became widely known. The cumulative death toll from HIV/AIDS is now greater than 25 million. There are approximately 33 million people living worldwide with this disease, of whom about 68% (22.5 million) live in sub-Saharan Africa (http://www.avert.org/worldstats.htm). A number of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs have been approved for treatment of HIV/AIDS. Inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase (RTIs) include the nucleoside/nucleotide drugs zidovudine, lamivudine, abacavir, didanosine, stavudine, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Non-nucleoside RTIs include nevirapine, efavirenz and etravirine. Inhibitors of HIV protease (PIs) include saquinavir, ritonavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, indinavir, fosamprenavir and atazanavir. Enfuvirtide inhibits the HIV fusion protein. The CCR5 chemokine antagonist maraviroc and the integrase inhibitor raltegravir were very recently approved by the US FDA. Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) have been formulated to increase tolerability, convenience and compliance. First-line drug combinations are offered to treatment-naive patients, while second-line drugs are reserved for those who no longer respond adequately to first-line therapy. In developing countries a modest but increasing fraction of those infected have access to ARVs. The Clinton HIV/AIDS Initiative estimates that 2.4 million of the nearly 8 million individuals needing treatment in developing nations have access to some drugs. First-line FDCs used in resource-poor settings are largely combinations of two nucleoside RTIs and a non-nucleoside RTI or PI. The effectiveness of these combinations decreases over time, requiring a switch to combinations that retain potency in the presence of viral resistance. Increasing access to second-line FDCs and new developments in first-line ARV therapy are cost challenges. In high-income countries the cost of ARV therapy is largely irrelevant, except for "advanced salvage" drugs such as enfuvirtide. In resource-poor settings cost is a huge factor that limits drug access, resulting in high rates of new infection and subsequent mortality. IP coverage, where granted, can keep access prices for essential ARVs higher than would otherwise be the case. Large, innovator companies have made drugs available at prices very close to the cost of manufacturing for "lowest income" countries. Generic providers in India and elsewhere provide the largest supply of drugs for the developing world. The recent issuance of Voluntary and Compulsory Licenses (VLs, CLs) through the World Trade Organization's TRIP (Treaty Respecting Intellectual Property) provisions arguably contribute to bringing down access prices. The utilization of improved science, pooled purchasing and intelligent procurement practices all definitely contribute to access. This work surveys the production processes for several critical ARVs. These are discussed in terms of scale up, raw material/intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) costs. In some cases new routes to APIs or critical intermediates are needed. Based on potential new chemistries, there are significant opportunities to reduce cost for a number of critical ARVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloan Dos Santos Pinheiro
- Instituto de Química, UFRJ, CT Bloco A, Lab 641, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21945-970, Brazil.
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Ella-Menye JR, Wang G. Synthesis of chiral 2-oxazolidinones, 2-oxazolines, and their analogs. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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16
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Aroua L, Baklouti A. Synthesis of α,ω‐Bis(oxazolidinone)polyoxyethylene via a Lithium Bromide–Catalyzed Reaction of Oligoethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ethers with Isocyanates. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701316920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Aroua
- a Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Baklouti
- a Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis , Tunis, Tunisia
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Groeper JA, Hitchcock SR, Ferrence GM. A scalable and expedient method of preparing diastereomerically and enantiomerically enriched pseudonorephedrine from norephedrine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Montmorillonite K 10 and montmorillonite KSF as new and reusable catalysts for conversion of amines to N-tert-butylcarbamates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Chankeshwara SV, Chakraborti AK. Catalyst-Free Chemoselective N-tert-Butyloxycarbonylation of Amines in Water. Org Lett 2006; 8:3259-62. [PMID: 16836380 DOI: 10.1021/ol0611191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[Structure: see text] Catalyst-free N-tert-butyloxycarbonylation of amines in water is reported. The N-t-Boc derivatives were formed chemoselectively without any isocyanate, urea, N,N-di-t-Boc, and O/S-t-Boc as side products. Chiral amines, esters of alpha-amino acids, and beta-amino alcohol afforded optically pure N-t-Boc derivatives. Amino alcohol and 2-aminophenol afforded the N-t-Boc derivative without oxazolidinone formation. Selectivity was observed during competition of aromatic amine vs aliphatic amine, amine vs amino acid ester, amine vs amino alcohol, and primary amine vs secondary amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunay V Chankeshwara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
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20
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Reactivity difference between diphosgene and phosgene in reaction with (2,3-anti)-3-amino-1,2-diols. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Sarabia F, Martín-Ortiz L. Synthetic studies on nucleoside-type muraymycins antibiotics based on the use of sulfur ylides. Synthesis of bioactive 5′-epimuraymycin analogues. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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23
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Jörg G, Bertau M. Fungal Aerobic Reductive Dechlorination of Ethyl 2-Chloroacetoacetate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mechanism of a Novel Type of Microbial Dehalogenation. Chembiochem 2003; 5:87-92. [PMID: 14695517 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces the beta-keto ester ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate to the respective chiral cis- and trans-beta-hydroxy esters. In the course of chiral reduction, competing dehalogenation of the xenobiotic substrate to ethyl acetoacetate occurs, in a reaction mediated by cytosolic glutathione (GSH). Mechanistically, the dechlorination is a novel type of glutathione-dependent dehalogenation catalysed by an as yet unidentified glutathione-dependent dehalogenase. The first step consists of a nucleophilic replacement of the chloride substituent by glutathione. In the subsequent enzyme-catalysed step, a second glutathione molecule liberates the dehalogenation product by thiolytic attack at the thioether bridge, resulting in a net transfer of two electrons to the substrate and in the formation of glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Being effective under aerobic conditions and catalysed by a fungus, this reductive dechlorination of an aliphatic substrate is an outstanding example of a novel, glutathione-mediated microbial dehalogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Jörg
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Biochemie, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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24
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Madhusudhan G, Om Reddy G, Ramanatham J, Dubey P. Stereoselective synthesis of anti-2-oxazolidinones by Ph3P–CCl4–Et3N mediated SN2 cyclization of N-Boc-β-amino alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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26
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Ghosh AK, Kim JH. Highly diastereoselective anti-aldol reactions utilizing the titanium enolate of cis-2-arylsulfonamido-1- acenaphthenyl propionate. Org Lett 2003; 5:1063-6. [PMID: 12659574 DOI: 10.1021/ol034086n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] anti-Aldol reaction of Ti-enolate derived from cis-2-arylsulfonamido-1-acenaphthenyl propionate with representative aldehydes proceeded in excellent yield with high diastereoselectivity. Both enantiomers of cis-2-amino-1-acenaphthenol were synthesized employing lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
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Sim TB, Kang SH, Lee KS, Lee WK, Yun H, Dong Y, Ha HJ. A novel synthesis of 5-functionalized oxazolidin-2-ones from enantiomerically pure 2-substituted N-[(R)-(+)-alpha-methylbenzyl]aziridines. J Org Chem 2003; 68:104-8. [PMID: 12515467 DOI: 10.1021/jo0261911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Funtionalized enantiomerically pure oxazolidin-2-ones were prepared in one pot from commercially available chiral aziridines bearing an electron-withdrawing group at C-2 with retention of the configuration in high yields by regioselective aziridine ring-opening followed by intramolecular cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Bo Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Katz SJ, Bergmeier SC. Convenient methods for the hydrolysis of oxazolidinones to vicinal aminoalcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)02218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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