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Filimonov VD, Yusubov MS, Chi KV. Oxidative methods in the synthesis of vicinal di- and polycarbonyl compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1998v067n09abeh000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chang HS, Woo JC, Lee KM, Ko YK, Moon SS, Kim DW. FACILE SYNTHESIS OF α-KETOCARBONYL COMPOUNDS FROM α-HYDROXYCARBONYL COMPOUNDS. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae Chun Woo
- a Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , P.O. Box 107, Yusong, Daejeon, 305-606, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mo Lee
- a Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , P.O. Box 107, Yusong, Daejeon, 305-606, Korea
| | - Young Kwan Ko
- a Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , P.O. Box 107, Yusong, Daejeon, 305-606, Korea
| | - Surk-Sik Moon
- b Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University , Kongju, 314-701, Korea
| | - Dae-Whang Kim
- a Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , P.O. Box 107, Yusong, Daejeon, 305-606, Korea
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Wong FF, Chen CY, Chen TH, Huang JJ, Fang HP, Yeh MY. Synthesis of 3alpha-hydroxy-21-(1'-imidazolyl)-3beta-methoxyl-methyl-5alpha-pregnan-20-one via lithium imidazole with 17alpha-acetylbromopregnanone. Steroids 2006; 71:77-82. [PMID: 16246385 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2005.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of biologically active 3alpha-hydroxyl-21-(1'-imidazolyl)-3beta-methoxymethyl-5alpha-pregnan-20-one was accomplished in six steps. The key steps were the improvement of stereoselectivity for acetyl isomers in C-17 and the introduction of imidazole into the core structure by use of lithium imidazole. This latter key step provided the desired product in 82% yield without the formation of 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium salt as impurity, which is generally observed in traditional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung Fuh Wong
- Environmental Resource Management Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No. 500, Sec. 3, An-Ming Rd., Tainan City, Taiwan 709, ROC.
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Adam W, Saha-Möller CR, Ganeshpure PA. Synthetic applications of nonmetal catalysts for homogeneous oxidations. Chem Rev 2001; 101:3499-548. [PMID: 11840992 DOI: 10.1021/cr000019k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonmetal oxidation catalysts have gained much attention in recent years. The reason for this surge in activity is 2-fold: On one hand, a number of such catalysts has become readily accessible; on the other hand, such catalysts are quite resistant toward self-oxidation and compatible under aerobic and aqueous reaction conditions. In this review, we have focused on five nonmetal catalytic systems which have attained prominence in the oxidation field in view of their efficacy and their potential for future development; stoichiometric cases have been mentioned to provide overview and scope. Such nonmetal oxidation catalysts include the alpha-halo carbonyl compounds 1, ketones 2, imines 3, iminium salts 4, and nitroxyl radicals 5. In combination with a suitable oxygen source (H2O2, KHSO5, NaOCl), these catalysts serve as precursors to the corresponding oxidants, namely, the perhydrates I, dioxiranes II, oxaziridines III, oxaziridinium ions IV, and finally oxoammonium ions V. A few of the salient features about these nonmetal, catalytic systems shall be reiterated in this summary. The first class entails the alpha-halo ketones, which catalyze the oxidation of a variety of organic substrates [figure: see text] by hydrogen peroxide as the oxygen source. The perhydrates I, formed in situ by the addition of hydrogen peroxide to the alpha-halo ketones, are quite strong electrophilic oxidants and expectedly transfer an oxygen atom to diverse nucleophilic acceptors. Thus, alpha-halo ketones have been successfully employed for catalytic epoxidation, heteroatom (S, N) oxidation, and arene oxidation. Although high diastereoselectivities have been achieved by these nonmetal catalysts, no enantioselective epoxidation and sulfoxidation have so far been reported. Consequently, it is anticipated that catalytic oxidations by perhydrates hold promise for further development, especially, and should ways be found to transfer the oxygen atom enantioselectively. The second class, namely, the dioxiranes, has been extensively used during the last two decades as a convenient oxidant in organic synthesis. These powerful and versatile oxidizing agents are readily available from the appropriate ketones by their treatment [figure: see text] with potassium monoperoxysulfate. The oxidations may be performed either under stoichiometric or catalytic conditions; the latter mode of operation is featured in this review. In this case, a variety of structurally diverse ketones have been shown to catalyze the dioxirane-mediated epoxidation of alkenes by monoperoxysulfate as the oxygen source. By employing chiral ketones, highly enantioselective (up to 99% ee) epoxidations have been developed, of which the sugar-based ketones are so far the most effective. Reports on catalytic oxidations by dioxiranes other than epoxidations are scarce; nevertheless, fructose-derived ketones have been successfully employed as catalysts for the enantioselective CH oxidation in vic diols to afford the corresponding optically active alpha-hydroxy ketones. To date, no catalytic asymmetric sulfoxidations by dioxiranes appear to have been documented in the literature, an area of catalytic dioxirane chemistry that merits attention. A third class is the imines; their reaction with hydrogen peroxide or monoperoxysulfate affords oxaziridines. These relatively weak electrophilic oxidants only manage to oxidize electron-rich substrates such as enolates, silyl enol ethers, sulfides, selenides, and amines; however, the epoxidation of alkenes has been achieved with activated oxaziridines produced from perfluorinated imines. Most of the oxidations by in-situ-generated oxaziridines have been performed stoichiometrically, with the exception of sulfoxidations. When chiral imines are used as catalysts, optically active sulfoxides are obtained in good ee values, a catalytic asymmetric oxidation by oxaziridines that merits further exploration. The fourth class is made up by the iminium ions, which with monoperoxysulfate lead to the corresponding oxaziridinium ions, structurally similar to the above oxaziridine oxidants except they possess a much more strongly electrophilic oxygen atom due to the positively charged ammonium functionality. Thus, oxaziridinium ions effectively execute besides sulfoxidation and amine oxidation the epoxidation of alkenes under catalytic conditions. As expected, chiral iminium salts catalyze asymmetric epoxidations; however, only moderate enantioselectivities have been obtained so far. Although asymmetric sulfoxidation has been achieved by using stoichiometric amounts of isolated optically active oxaziridinium salts, iminium-ion-catalyzed asymmetric sulf-oxidations have not been reported to date, which offers attractive opportunities for further work. The fifth and final class of nonmetal catalysts concerns the stable nitroxyl-radical derivatives such as TEMPO, which react with the common oxidizing agents (sodium hypochlorite, monoperoxysulfate, peracids) to generate oxoammonium ions. The latter are strong oxidants that chemoselectively and efficiently perform the CH oxidation in alcohols to produce carbonyl compounds rather than engage in the transfer of their oxygen atom to the substrate. Consequently, oxoammonium ions behave quite distinctly compared to the previous four classes of oxidants in that their catalytic activity entails formally a dehydrogenation, one of the few effective nonmetal-based catalytic transformations of alcohols to carbonyl products. Since less than 1 mol% of nitroxyl radical is required to catalyze the alcohol oxidation by the inexpensive sodium hypochlorite as primary oxidant under mild reaction conditions, this catalytic process holds much promise for future practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Adam
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Chiral auxiliaries as docking/protecting groups: biohydroxylation of selected ketones with Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- István T. Horváth
- Corporate Research, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
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Arnone A, Metrangolo P, Novo B, Resnati G. Selectivities in the oxidation of tertiary amines and pyridine derivatives by perfluoro cis-2,3-dialkyloxaziridines. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arnone A, Barbara Novo,, Pregnolato M, Resnati G, Terreni M. Conversion of Thio- and Selenophosphoryl into Phosphoryl Group by Perfluoro cis-2,3-Dialkyloxaziridines. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970572a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Arnone
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica, Università degli Studi, 12 via Taramelli, I-27100 Pavia, Italy, and C.N.R.-Centro di Studio sulle Sostanze Organiche Naturali, Dipartimento di Chimica, Politecnico, 7 via Mancinelli, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Novo,
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica, Università degli Studi, 12 via Taramelli, I-27100 Pavia, Italy, and C.N.R.-Centro di Studio sulle Sostanze Organiche Naturali, Dipartimento di Chimica, Politecnico, 7 via Mancinelli, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Pregnolato
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica, Università degli Studi, 12 via Taramelli, I-27100 Pavia, Italy, and C.N.R.-Centro di Studio sulle Sostanze Organiche Naturali, Dipartimento di Chimica, Politecnico, 7 via Mancinelli, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica, Università degli Studi, 12 via Taramelli, I-27100 Pavia, Italy, and C.N.R.-Centro di Studio sulle Sostanze Organiche Naturali, Dipartimento di Chimica, Politecnico, 7 via Mancinelli, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Terreni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica, Università degli Studi, 12 via Taramelli, I-27100 Pavia, Italy, and C.N.R.-Centro di Studio sulle Sostanze Organiche Naturali, Dipartimento di Chimica, Politecnico, 7 via Mancinelli, I-20131 Milano, Italy
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Arnone A, DesMarteau DD, Novo B, Petrov VA, Pregnolato M, Resnati G. Selective Epoxidation of Olefins by Perfluoro-cis-2,3-dialkyloxaziridines(1). J Org Chem 1996; 61:8805-8810. [PMID: 11667858 DOI: 10.1021/jo961196h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl-substituted olefins are epoxidized by perfluoro-cis-2,3-dialkyloxaziridines under particularly mild conditions. Electron deficient substrates (e.g. alpha,beta-enones) can also be epoxidized, and the more electron poor the double bond is, the more severe the reactions conditions become. The epoxidation is chemoselective (secondary alcohols and their ethers do not interfere), site selective (the monoepoxide of a diene can be obtained), and stereoselective (cis-alkenes afford cis-epoxides). Various complex and polyfunctional substrates of natural origin (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, steroids) have been transformed effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Arnone
- H. L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634-1905, CNR-Centro Studio Sostanze Organiche Naturali, Politecnico, 7 via Mancinelli, I-20131 Milano, Italy, and Dipartimento Chimica Farmaceutica, Università, 12 via Taramelli, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Terreni M, Benfenati E, Pregnolato M, Bellini A, Giavini D, Bavetta S, Molina C, Barceló D. Synthesis and use of deuterated fenamiphos and its metabolites as internal standards for mass spectrometric analysis in water. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Balsarini C, Novo B, Resnati G. Formation of the N-oxides of heteroaromatic nitrogen compounds by perfluorinated oxaziridines. J Fluor Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(96)03456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Petrov VA, Resnati G. Polyfluorinated Oxaziridines: Synthesis and Reactivity. Chem Rev 1996; 96:1809-1824. [PMID: 11848812 DOI: 10.1021/cr941146h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav A. Petrov
- DuPont Central Research and Development, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328, and C.N.R.-Centro Studio Sostanze Organiche Naturali, Dipartimento Chimica, Politecnico, 7, via Mancinelli, I-20131 Milano, Italy
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Terreni M, Pregnolato M, Resnati G, Benfenati E. Selective sulfur oxygenation in phosphoroamidate, thionophosphate, and thiophosphate agrochemicals by perfluoro-cis-2,3-dialkyloxaziridine. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Petrol A, Mlsna TE, D. DesMarteau D. Synthesis of polyfluoro-2-alkanesulfonyl-3,3-dialkyloxaziridines. J Fluor Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-1139(93)05007-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oxyfunctionalization reactions by perfluoro cis-2,3-dialkyloxaziridines. Enantioselective conversion of silanes into silanols. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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