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Johny M, Rajendar G. Effective In Situ Alkoxide Trapping by TMSX in the Presence of TPP Catalyst in Glycidol Acetal Rearrangements. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7036-7046. [PMID: 38716502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a nucleophile-catalyzed, trimethylsilyl halide-promoted rearrangement reaction of glycidol acetals to form halogenated cyclic acetals. The acetal group has been activated selectively in the presence of trimethylsilyl cation, which is used as in situ-generated alkoxide trapping reagent. Nucleophilic chloride and bromide ions participate in addition reactions with epoxides predominantly via SN1-type epoxide opening, while non-nucleophilic iodide and triflate ions induce a positive charge at the epoxide carbon. A systematic investigation of acetal-initiated polyene cyclization of epoxy polyenes has been conducted using bicyclic epoxonium ions as transient intermediates. Unfavorable orbital orientation and other stereoelectronic factors hinder the much-anticipated polyene cyclizations. The potential of this method has been showcased through its application in the total synthesis of parvistone A, a chlorinated styryllactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Johny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Goreti Rajendar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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2
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García-Pedrero O, Rodríguez F. Cationic cyclization reactions with alkyne terminating groups: a useful tool in biomimetic synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1089-1099. [PMID: 34989726 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05826f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclization reactions through cationic intermediates have become a highly valuable tool in organic synthesis. The use of alkynes as the terminating group in this type of cationic process offers wide synthetic possibilities because this group can serve as a precursor of different functionalities. This article shows relevant examples of cationic cyclization reactions with alkynes as terminating groups with the intention of demonstrating the potential of this type of process, particularly in the context of biomimetic synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaya García-Pedrero
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, Oviedo-33006, Spain.
| | - Félix Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, Oviedo-33006, Spain.
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3
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Huck CJ, Boyko YD, Sarlah D. Total Synthesis of Stelletins through an Unconventional Annulation Strategy. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1597-1609. [PMID: 33635622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems present the largest source of biodiversity on the planet and an immense reservoir of novel chemical entities. Sessile marine organisms such as sponges produce a wide range of complex secondary metabolites, many of these with potent biological activity engineered for chemical defense. That such compounds exert dynamic effects outside of their native context is perhaps not surprising, and the realm of marine natural products has attracted considerable attention as a largely untapped repository of potential candidates for drug development. Only a handful of the more than 15 000 marine natural products that have been isolated to date have advanced to the clinic, and more are to be expected. The rich chemical information encoded in the intricate three-dimensional structures of many marine natural products facilitates highly discriminating interactions with cell signaling pathways, and especially within cancer cells such nuanced effects offer an exciting opportunity for the development of targeted therapies that lack the side effects and general toxicity of conventional chemotherapeutics. The isomalabaricanes are a rare class of marine triterpenoids that have been hailed as promising cytotoxic lead compounds for the treatment of cancer, and they have attracted a flurry of excitement from researchers because of their potent cytotoxicity in certain human cancer cell lines along with a range of other antineoplastic effects. Most notably, their inhibitory activity is highly cell-selective, characterized by large deviations from their mean GI50 concentrations across 3 orders of magnitude in the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Lines screen, suggesting mechanistic specificity rather than general and unbridled toxicity. Despite these auspicious preliminary reports, the isomalabaricane scaffold remains largely unexplored as a potential anticancer lead because of lack of material. This Account describes our recent efforts to develop a general, modular synthesis of the isomalabaricanes, as exemplified by the successful total syntheses of rhabdastrellic acid A, stelletin E, and stelletin A. The unorthodox trans-syn-trans configuration of their perhydrobenz[e]indene core severely circumscribes the synthetic methods available for its construction and required several generations of strategy to assemble. Ultimately, a series of unconventional transformations were identified that were capable of building this highly strained motif, and the syntheses of rhabdastrellic acid A and stelletin E were completed in racemic fashion. Subsequently, a second-generation approach to these natural products was developed, rendering the synthesis enantioselective as well as providing access to stelletin A. These synthetic efforts were greatly assisted by computational techniques such as 13C NMR prediction, which enabled structural assignments of hydrocarbon diastereomers, as well as relaxed surface scan conformational analysis, which informed a campaign for directed hydrogenation of an alkene. High-throughput experimentation methods were brought to bear during optimization of a late-stage Suzuki coupling on stelletin A. Finally, preliminary structure-activity relationship studies in glioblastoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines were conducted on stelletin A, revealing that the singular trans-syn-trans perhydrobenz[e]indene core is essential for the cytotoxic activity of the isomalabaricane triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Huck
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yaroslav D. Boyko
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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4
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Boyko YD, Huck CJ, Ning S, Shved AS, Yang C, Chu T, Tonogai EJ, Hergenrother PJ, Sarlah D. Synthetic Studies on Selective, Proapoptotic Isomalabaricane Triterpenoids Aided by Computational Techniques. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2138-2155. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav D. Boyko
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Christopher J. Huck
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shang Ning
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander S. Shved
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Cheng Yang
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tiffany Chu
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Emily J. Tonogai
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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5
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Quilez Del Moral JF, Domingo V, Pérez Á, Martínez Andrade KA, Enríquez L, Jaraiz M, López-Pérez JL, Barrero AF. Mimicking Halimane Synthases: Monitoring a Cascade of Cyclizations and Rearrangements from Epoxypolyprenes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13764-13779. [PMID: 31559826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have developed and rationalized a biomimetic transformation mimicking halimane synthases based on a Lewis acid-catalyzed cascade of cyclizations and rearrangements of epoxypolyprenes. Two rings, three stereogenic centers, and a new double bond were generated in a single chemical operation. Based on this cascade transformation, we achieved a unified strategy toward the stereoselective total syntheses of halimene-type terpenoids and analogues as a proof-of-concept study. This method has been applied to the rapid synthesis of diterpene isotuberculosinol, a virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a representative example.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Quilez Del Moral
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Victoriano Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Álvaro Pérez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Kevin A Martínez Andrade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Lourdes Enríquez
- Department of Electronics , University of Valladolid , 47011 Valladolid , Spain
| | - Martín Jaraiz
- Department of Electronics , University of Valladolid , 47011 Valladolid , Spain
| | - José Luis López-Pérez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IBSAL-CIETUS , University of Salamanca , 37007 Salamanca , Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Panama , 3366 Panama , Republic of Panama
| | - Alejandro F Barrero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
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6
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Boyko YD, Huck CJ, Sarlah D. Total Synthesis of Isomalabaricane Triterpenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14131-14135. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav D. Boyko
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Christopher J. Huck
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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7
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Shuler WG, Combee LA, Falk ID, Hilinski MK. Intermolecular Electrophilic Addition of Epoxides to Alkenes: [3+2] Cycloadditions Catalyzed by Lewis Acids. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William G. Shuler
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Virginia; McCormick Road 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Logan A. Combee
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Virginia; McCormick Road 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Isaac D. Falk
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Virginia; McCormick Road 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Michael K. Hilinski
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Virginia; McCormick Road 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
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8
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Abstract
Important biomimetic steps in natural product synthesis have been promoted by transition metals, as exemplified by this beautiful ruthenium-catalyzed rearrangement of an endoperoxide into elysiapyrone A. Such reactions are supposed to occur during the biosynthesis, yet under different catalysis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Wen Li
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Unité “Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes” (UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN)
- 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bastien Nay
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Unité “Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes” (UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN)
- 75005 Paris, France
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9
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Topczewski JJ, Kodet JG, Wiemer DF. Exploration of cascade cyclizations terminated by tandem aromatic substitution: total synthesis of (+)-schweinfurthin A. J Org Chem 2011; 76:909-19. [PMID: 21226493 DOI: 10.1021/jo1022102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The termination of epoxide-initiated cascade cyclizations with a range of "protected" phenols is described. When the protecting group can be lost as a stabilized electrophile, the cascade process continues beyond ring closure to afford products which have undergone a tandem electrophilic aromatic substitution. A number of groups have proven viable in this process and the regiochemistry of their substitution reactions has been studied. Application of this methodology in the first total synthesis of (+)-schweinfurthin A, a potent antiproliferative agent, has been achieved.
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10
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Snyder SA, Treitler DS, Schall A. A two-step mimic for direct, asymmetric bromonium- and chloronium-induced polyene cyclizations. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Pinacho Crisóstomo FR, Lledó A, Shenoy SR, Iwasawa T, Rebek J. Recognition and organocatalysis with a synthetic cavitand receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7402-10. [PMID: 19469579 DOI: 10.1021/ja900766b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cyclization reaction of an epoxyalcohol is catalyzed by a synthetic cavitand receptor with an inwardly directed carboxylic acid function. The receptor features a hydrophobic pocket in which the substrate is bound and positioned to react in a regioselective manner. The nature of this substrate-catalyst complex and its dynamic properties were investigated by NMR methods and with the aid of a model compound lacking the epoxide function. The kinetic parameters of the cyclization reaction were also studied. A catalytic cycle is proposed and diverse inhibition mechanisms are identified that parallel those encounterd in enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando R Pinacho Crisóstomo
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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12
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Shenoy SR, Pinacho Crisóstomo FR, Iwasawa T, Rebek J. Organocatalysis In a Synthetic Receptor with an Inwardly Directed Carboxylic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5658-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja801107r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha R. Shenoy
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Fernando R. Pinacho Crisóstomo
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Tetsuo Iwasawa
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Julius Rebek
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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13
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Lacey JR, Anzalone PW, Duncan CM, Hackert MJ, Mohan RS. A study of epoxyolefin cyclizations catalyzed by bismuth trifluoromethanesulfonate and other metal triflates. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Reddy PG, Baskaran S. Epoxide-initiated cationic cyclization of azides: a novel method for the stereoselective construction of 5-hydroxymethyl azabicyclic compounds and application in the stereo- and enantioselective total synthesis of (+)- and (-)-indolizidine 167B and 209D. J Org Chem 2004; 69:3093-101. [PMID: 15104448 DOI: 10.1021/jo035258x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel and general method has been developed for the stereoselective construction of 5-hydroxymethyl azabicyclic ring skeletons based on epoxide-initiated cationic cyclization of azides. The key cyclization reaction was systematically studied with the model compound, 3-(1-oxa-spiro[2.4]hept-4-yl)propyl azide 3a, and EtAlCl(2) was found to be an ideal choice as the catalyst. The generality of this transformation was further tested with different ring sizes, where six- and seven-membered epoxyazides 3b,c underwent smooth cyclization to give 5-hydroxymethyl azepine 4b and 5-hydroxymethyl azocine 4c, respectively, as a single detectable diastereomer. This novel methodology was elegantly applied in the stereoselective total synthesis of indolizidine alkaloids 167B and 209D. Further, the enantioselective total synthesis of natural and unnatural indolizidine alkaloids 167B and 209D was accomplished by using Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation as a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ganapati Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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15
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Fouillet CC, Mareda J. Protonated cyclopropane as an intermediate in cation–olefin cyclizations. Ab initio and density functional theory investigations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(01)00808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Synthesis of the trans-syn-trans perhydrobenz[e]indene moiety of the stellettins and of the stelliferins. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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18
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Sen SE, Roach SL, Smith SM, Zhang YZ. Ferric chloride, an efficient promoter of cationic polyene cyclizations. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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20
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Saponaceolides: Differential cytotoxicity and enantioselective synthesis of the right-hand lactone moiety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(95)00371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Baker CT, Mattson MN, Helquist P. Mechanistic test for carbocationic alkene cyclization initiated by cationic iron carbene complex formation. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)01452-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Transition metal-catalysed organic reactions promoted by chelating or metallacycle-forming substrates. J Organomet Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(95)00526-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Stereochemical prediction for tandem radical cyclization based on MM2 transition state model. New approach to steroid CD-ring. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)00269-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Selective termination of a polyene cyclization by an internally situated allylsilane group. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)85355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Chen L, Gill G, Pattenden G. New radical mediated polyolefin cyclisations directed towards steroid ring synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)77180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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