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Che F, Wang M, Yu C, Sun X, Xie D, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Cu2O-catalyzed selective 1,2-addition of acetonitrile to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00024h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A cyanomethylation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with acetonitrile as a nucleophile is disclosed. The reaction is promoted with Cu2O as an inexpensive catalyst. Mild conditions are used, and the reaction completes within a few minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Che
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Maorong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Chunzheng Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Donghua Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Yuexia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
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2
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Scope and mechanism of the electrochemical Reformatsky reaction of α-haloesters on a graphite powder cathode in aqueous anolyte. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Zhang Y, Du X, An B. Zinc-mediated Addition of Bromoacetonitrile to Carbonyl Compounds under Solvent-free Conditions. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3184/174751914x13888556743823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Zinc mediated addition reaction of bromoacetonitrile with aryl aldehydes and ketones produces β-hydroxynitriles under solvent-free conditions. The valuable feature of the methodology are solvent-free and catalyst-free conditions and short reaction times (5 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zhang
- The School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 West Anning Road, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Xi Du
- The School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 West Anning Road, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Bin An
- The School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 West Anning Road, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
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4
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Zou XL, Du GF, Sun WF, He L, Ma XW, Gu CZ, Dai B. N-Heterocyclic carbene mediated Reformatsky reaction of aldehydes with α-trimethylsilylcarbonyl compounds. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Cerium metal- mediated Reformatsky-type reaction with ethyl bromosuccinate for the synthesis of novel paraconic acid analogs. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.08.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Chouhan M, Sharma R, Nair VA. Cp2ZrCl2-induced Reformatsky and Barbier reactions on isatins: an efficient synthesis of 3-substituted-3-hydroxyindolin-2-ones. Appl Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Wadhwa K, Verkade JG. P(i-PrNCH2CH2)3N: Efficient Catalyst for Synthesizing β-Hydroxyesters and α,β-Unsaturated Esters using α-Trimethylsilylethylacetate (TMSEA). J Org Chem 2009; 74:4368-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900477q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Wadhwa
- Department of Chemistry, Gilman Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - John G. Verkade
- Department of Chemistry, Gilman Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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8
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Areias MC, Navarro M, Bieber LW, Diniz FB, Leonel E, Cachet-Vivier C, Nedelec JY. A novel electrosynthesis cell with a compressed graphite powder cathode and minimal organic solvent content: Application to the Reformatsky reaction. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Yu LT, Ho MT, Chang CY, Yang TK. Asymmetric zinc-Reformatsky reaction of Evans chiral imide with acetophenones and its application to the stereoselective synthesis of triazole antifungal agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Durandetti M, Gosmini C, Périchon J. Ni-catalyzed activation of α-chloroesters: a simple method for the synthesis of α-arylesters and β-hydroxyesters. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Schwarz K, Kleiner K, Ludwig R, Schick H. Reactions of Electrochemically Generated Organometallics, 2. The Use of Zinc, Tin, Aluminium, Indium, and Iron as Sacrificial Anodes in the Electrochemically Assisted Reformatsky Reaction of Ethyl 2‐Bromoalkanoates with Succinic Anhydride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19931260526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl‐Heinz Schwarz
- Centre of Selective Organic Synthesis, Rudower Chaussee 5, O‐1199 Berlin‐Adlershof, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Katharina Kleiner
- Centre of Selective Organic Synthesis, Rudower Chaussee 5, O‐1199 Berlin‐Adlershof, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Rolf Ludwig
- Centre of Selective Organic Synthesis, Rudower Chaussee 5, O‐1199 Berlin‐Adlershof, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Hans Schick
- Centre of Selective Organic Synthesis, Rudower Chaussee 5, O‐1199 Berlin‐Adlershof, Federal Republic of Germany
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12
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Babu SA, Yasuda M, Shibata I, Baba A. In- or In(I)-Employed Tailoring of the Stereogenic Centers in the Reformatsky-Type Reactions of Simple Ketones, α-Alkoxy Ketones, and β-Keto Esters. J Org Chem 2005; 70:10408-19. [PMID: 16323851 DOI: 10.1021/jo051659w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reactions: see text] Comprehensive studies were carried out on efficient In- or In(I)-based diastereoselective Reformatsky-type reactions of simple ketones, alpha-alkoxy ketones, and beta-keto esters. High anti selectivity was established in the addition of the branched alpha-halo ester derivatives to simple ketones using indium metal under THF-refluxing conditions. The stereochemistry undoubtedly indicated that the involvement of a cyclic transition state, formed from the ketone and stereochemically preferred transient E-enolate derived from the branched alpha-halo ester. Next, with the view of tailoring high degree of stereoselection, the concept of chelation-controlled addition of indium enolates was envisioned. In this line, marvelously syn selective additions to alpha-alkoxy ketones and beta-keto esters were established. Interestingly, these diastereoselective additions to alpha-alkoxy ketones and beta-keto esters require either In(I)X or In-InCl3 systems in toluene under ultrasonication, while very poor efficiency and diastereoselectivity were obtained using indium metal or THF as solvent. The stereochemistry of key products was unambiguously determined by the single-crystal X-ray structure analyses. On the basis of the observed astonishing diastereoselectivities due to strong chelation plausibly, a low-valent RIn(I)-type transient spices could be projected as very reactive spices in the Reformatsky-type reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Handai Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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13
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Kim S, Yoo BK, Chun K, Kang W, Choo J, Gong MS, Joo SW. Catalytic effect of laser ablated Ni nanoparticles in the oxidative addition reaction for a coupling reagent of benzylchloride and bromoacetonitrile. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Babu SA, Yasuda M, Shibata I, Baba A. In- or In(I)-Employed Diastereoselective Reformatsky-Type Reactions with Ketones: 1H NMR Investigations on the Active Species. Org Lett 2004; 6:4475-8. [PMID: 15548054 DOI: 10.1021/ol0482846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient In- or In(I)-based stereoselective C-C bond formation is reported; the diastereoselective Reformatsky-type reactions of ketones. The predominant formations of anti isomers, confirmed by the X-ray structure analyses of ester derivatives of respective alcohols 9a(1)() and 13a(1)(), conclusively revealed the stereochemistry of the reaction path. (1)H NMR investigations revealed the formation of two types of alpha-metalated transient species from alpha-halo esters with In or In(I) halides. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Handai Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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15
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16
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Abstract
A novel Reformatsky-type reaction was developed using RhCl(PPh(3))(3) and diethylzinc. Inter- and intramolecular Reformatsky-type reactions were achieved efficiently under mild reaction conditions to give beta-hydroxy esters.
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17
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Sun P, Shi B. Tin-mediated Organic Reactions: A Practical Method for the Synthesis of β-Hydroxynitriles and β-Hydroxyketones. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 1999. [DOI: 10.1177/174751989902300511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane, the tin mediated addition of bromoacetonitrile or α-bromacetophenone to aldehydes in THF gives β-hydroxynitriles or β-hydroxyketones in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 270097, China
| | - Baochuan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 270097, China
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18
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Schick H, Ludwig R, Kleiner K, Kunath A. Synthesis of substituted β-lactones by a Reformatsky reaction of carbonyl compounds, phenyl α-bromoalkanoates, and indium. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00039-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Zhang XL, Han Y, Tao WT, Huang YZ. PbCl2/Ga bimetal redox system-mediated carbon–carbon bond formation reactions between carbonyl compounds and ethyl trichloroacetate and iodoacetonitrile. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/p19950000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Araki S, Yamada M, Butsugan Y. Synthesis ofβ-Hydroxy Nitriles via Indium-Induced Coupling of Bromoacetonitrile with Carbonyl Compounds. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1994. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.67.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Schick H, Ludwig R, Schwarz KH, Kleiner K, Kunath A. Neuartige Synthese tetrasubstituierter β-Lactone: die Verwendung von Indium in der elektrochemisch unterstützten Reformatsky-Reaktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19931050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Schick H, Ludwig R, Schwarz KH, Kleiner K, Kunath A. Novel Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted ?-Lactones: The Use of Indium in the Electrochemically Supported Reformatsky Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.199311911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Zhou ZL, Shi LL, Huang YZ. Novel reaction of dibutyl(cyanomethyl)telluronium chloride with carbonyl compounds mediated by organolithium reagents: highly efficient synthesis of β-hydroxy nitriles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1039/p19910001931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Palomo C, Aizpurua JM, Concepción López M, Aurrekoetxea N. Addition of α-halonitriles to carbonyl compounds catalyzed by zinc-trimethylchlorosilane: A general synthesis of β-trimethylsilyloxy nitriles. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(90)80109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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