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Guo F, Yue Z, Trajkovski M, Zhou X, Cao D, Li Q, Wang B, Wen X, Plavec J, Peng Q, Xi Z, Zhou C. Effect of Ribose Conformation on RNA Cleavage via Internal Transesterification. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11893-11897. [PMID: 30207719 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RNA cleavage via internal transesterification is a fundamental reaction involved in RNA processing and metabolism, and the regulation thereof. Herein, the influence of ribose conformation on this reaction was investigated with conformationally constrained ribonucleotides. RNA cleavage rates were found to decrease in the order South-constrained ribonucleotide > native ribonucleotide ≫ North-constrained counterpart, indicating that the ribose conformation plays an important role in modulating RNA cleavage via internal transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Zekun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Marko Trajkovski
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry , University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, EN-FIST Centre of Excellence , Hajdrihova 19 , Ljubljana 1000 , Slovenia
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Baifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry , University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, EN-FIST Centre of Excellence , Hajdrihova 19 , Ljubljana 1000 , Slovenia
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Chuanzheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071 , China
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Plashkevych O, Li Q, Chattopadhyaya J. How RNase HI (Escherichia coli) promoted site-selective hydrolysis works on RNA in duplex with carba-LNA and LNA substituted antisense strands in an antisense strategy context? MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:921-938. [PMID: 28352859 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00762g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A detailed kinetic study of 36 single modified AON-RNA heteroduplexes shows that substitution of a single native nucleotide in the antisense strand (AON) by locked nucleic acid (LNA) or by diastereomerically pure carba-LNA results in site-dependent modulation of RNase H promoted cleavage of complementary mRNA strands by 2 to 5 fold at 5'-GpN-3' cleavage sites, giving up to 70% of the RNA cleavage products. The experiments have been performed using RNase HI of Escherichia coli. The 2nd best cleavage site, being the 5'-ApN-3' sites, cleaves up to 23%, depending upon the substitution site in 36 isosequential complementary AONs. A comparison of the modified AON promoted RNA cleavage rates with that of the native AON shows that sequence-specificity is considerably enhanced as a result of modification. Clearly, relatively weaker 5'-purine (Pu)-pyrimidine (Py)-3' stacking in the complementary RNA strand is preferred (giving ∼90% of total cleavage products), which plays an important role in RNase H promoted RNA cleavage. A plausible mechanism of RNase H mediated cleavage of the RNA has been proposed to be two-fold, dictated by the balancing effect of the aromatic character of the purine aglycone: first, the locally formed 9-guanylate ion (pKa 9.3, ∼18-20% N1 ionized at pH 8) alters the adjoining sugar-phosphate backbone around the scissile phosphate, transforming its sugar N/S conformational equilibrium, to preferential S-type, causing preferential cleavage at 5'-GpN-3' sites around the center of 20 mer complementary mRNA. Second, the weaker nearest-neighbor strength of 5'-Pu-p-Py-3' stacking promotes preferential 5'-GpN-3' and 5'-ApN-3' cleavage, providing ∼90% of the total products, compared to ∼50% in that of the native one, because of the cLNA/LNA substituent effect on the neighboring 5'-Pu-p-Py-3' sites, providing both local steric flexibility and additional hydration. This facilitates both the water and water/Mg2+ ion availability at the cleavage site causing sequence-specific hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of scissile phosphate. The enhancement of the total rate of cleavage of the complementary mRNA strand by up to 25%, presented in this work, provides opportunities to engineer a single modification site in appropriately substituted AONs to design an effective antisense strategy based on the nucleolytic stability of the AON strand versus RNase H capability to cleave the complementary RNA strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Plashkevych
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 581, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Katolik A, Johnsson R, Montemayor E, Lackey JG, Hart PJ, Damha MJ. Regiospecific solid-phase synthesis of branched oligoribonucleotides that mimic intronic lariat RNA intermediates. J Org Chem 2014; 79:963-75. [PMID: 24401015 DOI: 10.1021/jo4024182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed new solid phase methods for the synthesis of branched RNAs that mimic intronic lariat RNA intermediates. These methods produce branched oligoribonucleotide sequences of arbitrary length, base composition, and regiochemistry at the branchpoint junction. The methods utilize branching monomers that allow for the growth of each branch regioselectively from any of the hydroxyl positions (5′, 3′, or 2′) at the branch-point junction. The integrity and branchpoint connectivity of the synthetic products have been confirmed by HPLC and MS analysis, and cleavage of the 2′,5′ linkage by recombinant debranching enzyme. Nonhydrolyzable branched RNA analogues containing arabinose instead of ribose at the branchpoint junction were shown to inhibit debranching activity and, hence, represent “decoys” for sequestering RNA binding proteins thought to drive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Sund C, Rousse B, Puri N, Viswanadham G, Agback P, Sandström A, Glemarec C, Yamakage SI, Chattopadhyaya J. The Synthesis of Lariat-RNAs and their Conformational Analysis by NMR Spectroscopy: The Study of their Unique Self-Cleavage Reaction Modelling Some Catalytic RNAs (Ribozymes). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19941030910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Khanduri D, Collins S, Kumar A, Adhikary A, Sevilla MD. Formation of sugar radicals in RNA model systems and oligomers via excitation of guanine cation radical. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2168-78. [PMID: 18225886 DOI: 10.1021/jp077429y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In previous work, we have shown that photoexcitation of guanine cation radical (G*+) in frozen aqueous solutions of DNA and its model compounds at 143 K results in the formation of neutral sugar radicals with substantial yield. In this report, we present electron spin resonance (ESR) and theoretical (DFT) evidence regarding the formation of sugar radicals after photoexcitation of guanine cation radical (G*+) in frozen aqueous solutions of one-electron-oxidized RNA model compounds (nucleosides, nucleotides and oligomers) at 143 K. Specific sugar radicals C5'*, C3'* and C1'* were identified employing derivatives of Guo deuterated at specific sites in the sugar moiety, namely, C1'-, C2'-, C3'- and C5'-. These results suggest C2'* is not formed upon photoexcitation of G*+ in one-electron-oxidized Guo and deuterated Guo derivatives. Phosphate substitution at C5'- (i.e., in 5-GMP) hinders formation of C5'* via photoexcitation at 143 K but not at 77 K. For the RNA-oligomers studied, we observe on photoexcitation of oligomer-G*+ the formation of mainly C1'* and an unidentified radical with a ca. 28 G doublet. The hyperfine coupling constants of each of the possible sugar radicals were calculated employing the DFT B3LYP/6-31G* approach for comparison to experiment. This work shows that formation of specific neutral sugar radicals occurs via photoexcitation of guanine cation radical (G*+) in RNA systems but not by photoexcitation of its N1 deprotonated species (G(-H)*). Thus, our mechanism regarding neutral sugar formation via photoexcitation of base cation radicals in DNA appears to be valid for RNA systems as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Khanduri
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA
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Thibaudeau C, Chattopadhyaya J. The Information Transmission from the Nucleobase Drives the Sugar-Phosphate Backbone Conformation in the Nucleotide Wire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319808004691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Thibaudeau
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , University of Uppsala , Box 581, Biomedical Centre, S-751 23 , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jyoti Chattopadhyaya
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , University of Uppsala , Box 581, Biomedical Centre, S-751 23 , Uppsala , Sweden
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Thibaudeau C, Chattopadhyaya J. The Discovery of Intramolecular Stereoelectronic Forces That Drive The Sugar Conformation in Nucleosides and Nucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319708002912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Thibaudeau
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Box 581 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University , Uppsala , S-751 23 , Sweden
| | - J. Chattopadhyaya
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Box 581 Biomedical Center, Uppsala University , Uppsala , S-751 23 , Sweden
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Tsuruoka H, Shohda K, Wada T, Sekine M. Synthesis and conformational properties of oligonucleotides incorporating 2'-O-phosphorylated ribonucleotides as structural motifs of pre-tRNA splicing intermediates. J Org Chem 2000; 65:7479-94. [PMID: 11076606 DOI: 10.1021/jo991097e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To synthesize oligonucleotides containing 2'-O-phosphate groups, four kinds of ribonucleoside 3'-phosphoramidite building blocks 6a-d having the bis(2-cyano-1,1-dimethylethoxy)thiophosphoryl (BCMETP) group were prepared according to our previous phosphorylation procedure. These phosphoramidite units 6a-d were not contaminated with 3'-regioisomers and were successfully applied to solid-phase synthesis to give oligodeoxyuridylates 15, 16 and oligouridylates 21, 22. Self-complementary Drew-Dickerson DNA 12mers 24-28 replaced by a 2'-O-phosphorylated ribonucleotide at various positions were similarly synthesized. In these syntheses, it turned out that KI(3) was the most effective reagent for oxidative desulfurization of the initially generated thiophosphate group to the phosphate group on polymer supports. Without using this conversion step, a tridecadeoxyuridylate 17 incorporating a 2'-O-thiophosphorylated uridine derivative was also synthesized. To investigate the effect of the 2'-phosphate group on the thermal stability and 3D-structure of DNA(RNA) duplexes, T(m) measurement of the self-complementary oligonucleotides obtained and MD simulation of heptamer duplexes 33-36 were carried out. According to these analyses, it was suggested that the nucleoside ribose moiety phosphorylated at the 2'-hydroxyl function predominantly preferred C2'-endo to C3'-endo conformation in DNA duplexes so that it did not significantly affect the stability of the DNA duplex. On the other hand, the 2'-modified ribose moiety was expelled to give a C3'-endo conformation in RNA duplexes so that the RNA duplexes were extremely destabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsuruoka
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Ueno Y, Takeba M, Mikawa M, Matsuda A. Nucleosides and Nucleotides. 182. Synthesis of Branched Oligodeoxynucleotides with Pentaerythritol at the Branch Point and Their Thermal Stabilization of Triplex Formation1. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981831e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masako Takeba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mai Mikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Thibaudeau C, Kumar A, Bekiroglu S, Matsuda A, Marquez VE, Chattopadhyaya J. NMR Conformation of (−)-β-d-Aristeromycin and Its 2‘-Deoxy and 3‘-Deoxy Counterparts in Aqueous Solution. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo980364y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Thibaudeau
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, DPT, DCT, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, DPT, DCT, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
| | - S. Bekiroglu
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, DPT, DCT, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
| | - A. Matsuda
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, DPT, DCT, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
| | - V. E. Marquez
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, DPT, DCT, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
| | - J. Chattopadhyaya
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, DPT, DCT, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
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Thibaudeau C, Plavec J, Chattopadhyaya J. A New Generalized Karplus-Type Equation Relating Vicinal Proton-Fluorine Coupling Constants to H−C−C−F Torsion Angles. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo980144k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Thibaudeau
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, and National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, and National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jyoti Chattopadhyaya
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, and National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Thibaudeau C, Földesi A, Chattopadhyaya J. The quantitation of the competing energetics of the stereoelectronic and steric effects of the 3′-OH and the aglycone in the α-versus & by 1H-NMR. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Thibaudeau C, Földesi A, Chattopadhyaya J. The first experimental evidence for a larger medium-dependent flexibility of natural β--nucleosides compared to the α--nucleosides. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thibaudeau C, Plavec J, Chattopadhyaya J. Quantitation of the pD Dependent Thermodynamics of the N ⇄ S Pseudorotational Equilibrium of the Pentofuranose Moiety in Nucleosides Gives a Direct Measurement of the Strength of the Tunable Anomeric Effect and the pKa of the Nucleobase†. J Org Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jo951124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Thibaudeau
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Centre, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J. Plavec
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Centre, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J. Chattopadhyaya
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Box 581, Biomedical Centre, University of Uppsala, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Plavec J, Thibaudeau C, Viswanadham G, Sund C, Sandström A, Chattopadhyaya J. The interaction of the 2′-OH group with the vicinal phosphate in ribonucleoside 3′-ethylphosphate drives the sugar-phosphate backbone into unique (S,ω−) conformational state. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00714-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Grøtli M, Sproat BS. A universal solid-phase synthesis of branched oligoribonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/c39950000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sund C, Glemarec C, Chattopadhyaya J. Synthetic and conformational studies of branched and lariat RNAs. Modelling the lariat formed in the splicing reaction — A critical review. J CHEM SCI 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02841915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Plavec J, Thibaudeau C, Viswanadham G, Sund C, Chattopadhyaya J. How does the 3′-phosphate drive the sugar conformation in DNA? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/c39940000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rousse B, Puri N, Viswanadham G, Agback P, Glemarec C, Sandström A, Sund C, Chattopadhyaya J. Solution conformation of hexameric & heptameric lariat-RNAs and their self-cleavage reactions which give products mimicking those from some catalytic RNAs (ribozymes). Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rousse B, Sund C, Glemarec C, Sandström A, Agback P, Chattopadhyaya J. Remarkable conformational change promoted by 3′-ethylphosphate at the branch-point of a tetrameric lariat-RNA dictates its self-cleavage reaction modelling some catalytic RNAs (ribozymes). Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sproat BS, Beijer B, Grøtli M, Ryder U, Morand KL, Lamond AI. Novel solid-phase synthesis of branched oligoribonucleotides, including a substrate for the RNA debranching enzyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/p19940000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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