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Multi-Enzymatic Cascade One-Pot Biosynthesis of 3'-Sialyllactose Using Engineered Escherichia coli. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163567. [PMID: 32781536 PMCID: PMC7463868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), one of the most abundant oligosaccharides and has great benefits for human health is 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL). Given its important physiological functions and the lack of cost-effective production processes, we constructed an in vitro multi-enzymatic cofactor recycling system for the biosynthesis of 3′-SL from a low-cost substrate. First, we constructed the biosynthetic pathway and increased the solubility of cytidine monophosphate kinase (CMK) with chaperones. We subsequently identified that β-galactosidase (lacZ) affects the yield of 3′-SL, and hence with the lacZ gene knocked out, a 3.3-fold increase in the production of 3′-SL was observed. Further, temperature, pH, polyphosphate concentration, and concentration of divalent metal ions for 3′-SL production were optimized. Finally, an efficient biotransformation system was established under the optimized conditions. The maximum production of 3′-SL reached 38.7 mM, and a molar yield of 97.1% from N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc, sialic acid, SA) was obtained. The results demonstrate that the multi-enzymatic cascade biosynthetic pathway with cofactor regeneration holds promise as an industrial strategy for producing 3′-SL.
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Mestrom L, Przypis M, Kowalczykiewicz D, Pollender A, Kumpf A, Marsden SR, Bento I, Jarzębski AB, Szymańska K, Chruściel A, Tischler D, Schoevaart R, Hanefeld U, Hagedoorn PL. Leloir Glycosyltransferases in Applied Biocatalysis: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215263. [PMID: 31652818 PMCID: PMC6861944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are nature’s catalyst of choice for the highly selective and efficient coupling of carbohydrates. Enzymatic sugar coupling is a competitive technology for industrial glycosylation reactions, since chemical synthetic routes require extensive use of laborious protection group manipulations and often lack regio- and stereoselectivity. The application of Leloir glycosyltransferases has received considerable attention in recent years and offers excellent control over the reactivity and selectivity of glycosylation reactions with unprotected carbohydrates, paving the way for previously inaccessible synthetic routes. The development of nucleotide recycling cascades has allowed for the efficient production and reuse of nucleotide sugar donors in robust one-pot multi-enzyme glycosylation cascades. In this way, large glycans and glycoconjugates with complex stereochemistry can be constructed. With recent advances, LeLoir glycosyltransferases are close to being applied industrially in multi-enzyme, programmable cascade glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk Mestrom
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Przypis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Daria Kowalczykiewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - André Pollender
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Antje Kumpf
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Stefan R Marsden
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Isabel Bento
- EMBL Hamburg, Notkestraβe 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andrzej B Jarzębski
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Szymańska
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | | | - Dirk Tischler
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Rob Schoevaart
- ChiralVision, J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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Nahálka J, Pätoprstý V. Enzymatic synthesis of sialylation substrates powered by a novel polyphosphate kinase (PPK3). Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1778-80. [PMID: 19590770 DOI: 10.1039/b822549b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Active inclusion bodies of polyphosphate kinase 3 and cytidine 5'-monophosphate kinase were combined with whole cells that co-express sialic acid aldolase and CMP-sialic acid synthetase. The biocatalytic mixture was used for the synthesis of CMP-sialic acid, which was then converted to 3'-sialyllactose by whole cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Nahálka
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Lin CH, Lin CC. Enzymatic and Chemical Approaches for the Synthesis of Sialyl Glycoconjugates. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2001; 491:215-30. [PMID: 14533801 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In conclusion, either enzymatic or chemical approaches have their unique features and unavoidable disadvantages. Enzyme-catalyzed sialylations provide the desired sialo-glycosidic linkages in the two enzyme reactions (CMP-NeuAc synthetase and sialyltransferase) with exclusive stereoselectivity and high yield as long as the required sialyltransferase is available. High substrate specificity of the two enzymes is a limitation so that many unnatural glycoconjugates cannot be prepared enzymatically. As for chemical glycosylations of sialic acids, it is possible to introduce any modification in sialyl donor and acceptor, in addition to create special sugar linkages. Nevertheless, reducing the number of reaction steps (for preparing both donors and acceptors of glycosylation), and enhancing stereoselectivity, as well as reaction yield are still problems to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica Nan-Kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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5
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Kajihara Y, Akai S, Nakagawa T, Sato R, Ebata T, Kodama H, Sato K. Enzymatic synthesis of Kdn oligosaccharides by a bacterial alpha-(2-->6)-sialyltransferase. Carbohydr Res 1999; 315:137-41. [PMID: 10385976 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of CMP-deaminoneuraminic acid (CMP-beta-D-Kdn) and its enzymatic transfer reaction using bacterial alpha-(2-->6)-sialyltransferase were examined. CMP-beta-D-Kdn was prepared from methyl 4,5,7,8,9-penta-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-D-glycero-beta-D-galacto-2- nonulopyranosonate (2) in 24% overall yield. Enzymatic synthesis of Kdn oligosaccharide with CMP-beta-D-Kdn (10.2 mumol), methyl beta-D-lactosaminide (7, 8.1 mumol) and purified sialyltransferase (80 munits) afforded Kdn-alpha-(2-->6)-Gal-beta-(1-->4)-GlcNAc-beta-1-OMe in 77% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kajihara
- Department of System Function, Faculty of Science, Yokohama City University, Japan.
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Lubineau A, Sommé V, Augé C. Sialyltransferase-catalyzed transfer of KDN onto oligosaccharides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(98)00042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Elling L. Glycobiotechnology: enzymes for the synthesis of nucleotide sugars. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1997; 58:89-144. [PMID: 9103912 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Complex carbohydrates, as constituting part of glycoconjugates such as glycoproteins, glycolipids, hormones, antibiotics and other secondary metabolites, play an active role in inter- and intracellular communication. The aim of "glycobiotechnology" as an upcoming interdisciplinary research field is to develop highly efficient synthesis strategies, including in vivo and in vitro approaches, in order to bring such complex molecules into analytical and therapeutic studies. The enzymatic synthesis of glycosidic bonds by Leloir-glycosyltransferases is an efficient strategy for obtaining saccharides with absolute stereo- and regioselectivity in high yields and under mild conditions. There are, however, two obstacles hindering the realization of this process on a biotechnological scale, namely the production of recombinant Leloir-glycosyltransferases and the availability of enzymes for the synthesis of nucleotide sugars (the glycosyltransferase donor substrates). The present review surveys some synthetic targets which have attracted the interest of glycobiologists as well as recombinant expression systems which give Leloir-glycosyltransferase activities in the mU and U range. The main part summarizes publications concerned with the complex pathways of primary and secondary nucleotide sugars and the availability and use of these enzymes for synthesis applications. In this context, a survey of our work will demonstrate how enzymes from different sources and pathways can be combined for the synthesis of nucleotide deoxysugars and oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Elling
- Institut für Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
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8
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Schauer R, Kamerling JP. Chemistry, biochemistry and biology of sialic acids ☆. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 29. [PMCID: PMC7147860 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechls-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannis P. Kamerling
- Bijuoet Center, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Terada T, Kitajima K, Inoue S, Koppert K, Brossmer R, Inoue Y. Substrate specificity of rainbow trout testis CMP-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid (CMP-Kdn) synthetase: kinetic studies of the reaction of natural and synthetic analogues of nonulosonic acid catalyzed by CMP-Kdn synthetase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 236:852-5. [PMID: 8665905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this report we present kinetic data of the activation reaction of several synthetic 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid (Kdn) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) analogues catalyzed by the rainbow trout testis CMP-Kdn synthetase. This enzyme showed broad substrate specificity in terms of substitutions at C4 or C5 position of Kdn and Neu5Ac. In contrast, calf brain CMP-N-acylneuraminic acid synthetase had narrow substrate specificity, being active only on various N-acyl analogues of Neu5Ac and only slightly active on Kdn derivatives. Usefulness of the trout testis enzyme for synthesis of various CMP-sialate analogues, which could be donor substrates for sialyltransferases, was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Terada
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Gijsen HJM, Qiao L, Fitz W, Wong CH. Recent Advances in the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate Mimetics. Chem Rev 1996; 96:443-474. [PMID: 11848760 DOI: 10.1021/cr950031q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harrie J. M. Gijsen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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11
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Kittelmann M, Klein T, Kragl U, Wandrey C, Ghisalba O. CMP-N-acetyl neuraminic-acid synthetase from Escherichia coli: fermentative production and application for the preparative synthesis of CMP-neuraminic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1995; 44:59-67. [PMID: 8579837 DOI: 10.1007/bf00164481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In an optimized sorbitol/yeast extract/mineral salt medium up to 12 U/l CMP-N-acetyl-neuraminic-acid (Neu5Ac) synthetase was produced by Escherichia coli K-235 in shake-flask culture. A colony mutant of this strain, E. coli K-235/CS1, was isolated with improved enzyme formation: in shake flasks with a yield of up to 20.8 U/l and 54 mU/mg protein in the cell extract. With this strain 26500 U CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase was produced with a high specific activity (0.128 U/mg) by fed-batch fermentation on 230-l scale. On a 10-1 scale the enzyme yield was 191 U/l culture medium. The enzyme was partially purified by precipitation with polyethyleneglycol resulting in a three- to fourfold enrichment and a recovery rate of more than 80%; most of the CTP hydrolysing enzymes were removed. The native synthetase was deactivated completely by incubation at 45 degrees C for 10 min, but could be stabilized remarkably by glycerol and different salts. The enzyme was used for the preparative synthesis of CMP-Neu5Ac with a conversion yield of 87% based on CTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kittelmann
- Ciba-Geigy Ltd, Pharmaceuticals Division, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Wong CH, Halcomb RL, Ichikawa Y, Kajimoto T. Enzyme in der organischen Synthese: das Problem der molekularen Erkennung von Kohlenhydraten (Teil 2). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951070505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Abstract
By photosynthesis 200 billion tons of glucose are formed per annum most of which remains in the sugar state. Thus, the well-known properties of saccharides as the basis for structural materials and energy stores is well established. Increasingly, focus is being addressed to their functions as recognition molecule. Therefore, carbohydrate chemistry became en vogue again as documented by classical syntheses of complex hetero-oligosaccharides employing protecting and activating group chemistry. In recent years enzymatic methods for acylation and deacylation in saccharide chemistry came into use. Novel saccharides could be approached following aldolase-catalyzed de novo syntheses. The very complex task of stereospecific glycosylation was addressed by use of enzymes. With glycohydrolases via transglycosylation as well as with glycosyltransferases including cofactor regenerating circles advances were made. Modified acceptor and also donor substrates allowed access to oligosaccharides in preparative quantities. This paper will discuss these modern developments and will focus on some selected examples from others' and our own laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thiem
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Lubineau A, Augé C, Gautheron-Le Narvor C, Ginet JC. Combined chemical and enzymatic synthesis of the sialylated non reducing terminal sequence of GM1b glycolylated ganglioside, a potential human tumor marker. Bioorg Med Chem 1994; 2:669-74. [PMID: 7858974 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(94)85016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
N-Glycolylglucosamine 8 was synthesized in 4 steps from anisal glucosamine, via the new crystalline monochloracetyl derivatives 3, 4 and 7. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid 10 was prepared in 59% yield starting from pyruvate and a mixture of 8 and its manno epimer 9 in a 2:3 ratio, with immobilized sialic acid aldolase. Neu5Gc 10 was converted into CMP-NeuGc 11 in the presence of immobilized calf brain CMP-sialate synthetase. Finally 11 was used as a donor in the transfer to the acceptor beta-D-Gal-(1-3)-beta-D-GalNAc-OBn 12 catalyzed by a preparation of porcine liver (2-3)-alpha-sialyltransferase, roughly purified by a chromatography on Cibacron Blue-agarose. alpha-Neu5Gc-(2-3)-beta-D-Gal-(1-3)-beta-D-GalNac-OBn 13 isolated in 56% yield was deprotected to give the non-reducing terminal sequence of GM1b glycolylated ganglioside, which might be expressed in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lubineau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire d'Orsay, URA CNRS 462, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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Sato KI, Miyata T, Tanai I, Yonezawa Y. Convenient Syntheses of 3-Deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic Acid (KDO) and 3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic Acid (KDN) Derivatives from D-Mannose. CHEM LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1994.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Terada T, Kitazume S, Kitajima K, Inoue S, Ito F, Troy F, Inoue Y. Synthesis of CMP-deaminoneuraminic acid (CMP-KDN) using the CTP:CMP-3-deoxynonulosonate cytidylyltransferase from rainbow trout testis. Identification and characterization of a CMP-KDN synthetase. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
Cell-surface carbohydrates and their conjugates are involved in many types of molecular recognition. This review describes recent developments in enzyme-catalyzed oligosaccharide synthesis, with particular focus on glycosyltransferase and glycosidase reactions. With the increasing availability of glycosyltransferases via recombinant DNA technology, glycosyltransferase-catalyzed glycosylation with in situ regeneration of sugar nucleotides appears to be the most effective method for large-scale stereocontrolled oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ichikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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18
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David S, Augé C, Gautheron C. Enzymic methods in preparative carbohydrate chemistry. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 1991; 49:175-237. [PMID: 1814172 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(08)60183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S David
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire d'Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, France
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Thiem J, Stangier P. Preparative-enzymatic formation of cytidine 5′-monophosphosialate by integrated cytidine 5′-triphosphate regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1990199001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Schreiner E, Zbiral E. Structural variations onN-acetylneuraminic acid, 16. A convenient approach to 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid (KDN), 5-azido-5-deoxy-KDN and 5-deoxy-KDN, and their 4-methylumbelliferyl 2α-glycosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1990199001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Augé C, Fernandez-Fernandez R, Gautheron C. The use of immobilised glycosyltransferases in the synthesis of sialyloligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 1990; 200:257-68. [PMID: 2379208 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)84196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The CMP-sialic acids, cytidine 5'-(5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosy lonic acid monophosphate) (1) and cytidine 5'-(5-acetamido-9-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-D-galacto-2- nonulopyranosylonic acid monophosphate) (2) were prepared from CMP, phosphoenolpyruvate, N-acetylneuraminic acid or its 9-acetate, and a catalytic amount of ATP in the presence of immobilised pyruvate kinase, nucleoside monophosphate kinase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, and CMP-sialic acid synthetase. CMP-NeuAc (1) was used as a donor of N-acetylneuraminic acid in the reaction catalysed by immobilised porcine liver beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc-(2----6)-sialyltransferase, alpha-D-Neup5Ac-(2----6)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1--- -2)-alpha-D- Man-OMe (5) was obtained on a 0.1-mmol scale by enzymic sialylation of beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----2)-alpha-D-Man-OMe (4), prepared by enzymic galactosylation of beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----2)-alpha-D-Man-OMe (3). Likewise, using 2, alpha-D-Neup-5,9Ac2-(2----6)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-D-GlcpNAc (7) was obtained from N-acetyl-lactosamine (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Augé
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire d'Orsay, U.R.A. C.N.R.S., Université Paris-Sud, France
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Augé C, Gautheron C, Pora H. Enzymic synthesis of the sialylglycopeptide, α-d-NeupAc-(2→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1→4N)-l-Asn. Carbohydr Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(89)85129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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