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Dai J, Li N, Wang J, Schneider U. Fruitful Decades for Canthin-6-ones from 1952 to 2015: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Biological Activities. Molecules 2016; 21:493. [PMID: 27092482 PMCID: PMC6274392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, more than 60 natural canthin-6-one alkaloids and their structures are considered. The biosynthesis, efficient and classic synthetic approaches, and biological activities of canthin-6-one alkaloids, from 1952 to 2015, are discussed. From an analysis of their structural properties and an investigation of the literature, possible future trends for canthin-6-one alkaloids are proposed. The information reported will be helpful in future research on canthin-6-one alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkun Dai
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Junru Wang
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Uwe Schneider
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
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Showalter HDH. Progress in the synthesis of canthine alkaloids and ring-truncated congeners. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:455-467. [PMID: 23311415 DOI: 10.1021/np300753z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The canthines represent a fairly large subclass of β-carboline alkaloids, with the first members described 75 years ago. Over the last 60 years, many members of the parent compound, canthin-6-one (1), have been isolated from various plant sources, principally the Rutaceae and Simaroubaceae families, and recently from fungi. Structures isolated from these sources have been the subject of total synthesis, which continues to the present day. This review gives a broad overview of synthetic approaches to canthines over a 30-year period from 1982 to 2012 and summarizes recent reports on the synthesis of less well known ring-truncated congeners. These include C-ring-truncated ("ABD", 2) and A-ring-truncated ("BCD", 3) ring systems, which are providing new scaffolds for potentially useful therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Hollis Showalter
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA.
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Ioannidou HA, Martin A, Gollner A, Koutentis PA. Three-step synthesis of Ethyl Canthinone-1-carboxylates from ethyl 4-bromo-6-methoxy-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate via a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and a Cu-catalyzed amidation reaction [corrected]. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5113-22. [PMID: 21563779 DOI: 10.1021/jo200824b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl canthin-6-one-1-carboxylate (1b) and nine analogues 1c-k were prepared from readily prepared ethyl 4-bromo-6-methoxy-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (2b) via a three-step non-classical approach that focused on construction of the central pyrrole (ring B) using Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling followed by Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling. Furthermore, treatment of the ethyl canthinone-1-carboxylate 1b with NaOH in DCM/MeOH (9:1) gave the canthin-6-one-1-carboxylic acid (6) in high yield. All compounds are fully characterized.
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Gollner A, Koutentis PA. Two-step total syntheses of canthin-6-one alkaloids: new one-pot sequential Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Cu-catalyzed amidation reaction. Org Lett 2010; 12:1352-5. [PMID: 20192213 DOI: 10.1021/ol100300s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canthin-6-one (1) and nine analogues including the naturally occurring 9-methoxycanthin-6-one (2) and amaroridine (3) are prepared rapidly and in high yields via a convergent "non-classical" strategy that focuses on construction of the central ring B. The strategy relies on concomitant Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling followed by a Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling that can be achieved either stepwise or in a new one-pot protocol starting from the appropriate 8-bromo-1,5-naphthyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gollner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Feng T, Cai XH, Li Y, Wang YY, Liu YP, Xie MJ, Luo XD. Melohenines A and B, Two Unprecedented Alkaloids from Melodinus henryi. Org Lett 2009; 11:4834-7. [PMID: 19863145 DOI: 10.1021/ol9018826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P. R. China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P. R. China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P. R. China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P. R. China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P. R. China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P. R. China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P. R. China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
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Malamidou-Xenikaki E, Vlachou C, Stampelos XN. Annulated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines by intramolecular Mannich-type amino- and amidoalkylations of N(9)-(ω-nitroalkyl)-3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lindsley CW, Wisnoski DD, Wang Y, Leister WH, Zhao Z. A ‘one pot’ microwave-mediated synthesis of the basic canthine skeleton: expedient access to unnatural β-carboline alkaloids. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Othman M, Pigeon P, Decroix B. Acyliminium ion cyclizations: Synthesis of thieno[2′,3′:3,4]pyrrolo[2,1-a] isoindolone and benzo[a]thieno[2,3(3,2 or 3,4)-g]indolizinones. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(96)01196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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