1
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Harn PJ, Lin CC, Wu HJ. 3-Formylpyrroles from 3-Furfurylamines by Bromine Oxidation Reaction. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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2
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3
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Padwa A, Flick AC. Intramolecular Diels–Alder Cycloaddition of Furans (IMDAF) for Natural Product Synthesis. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408100-0.00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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4
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Abstract
An efficient total synthesis of rhodexin A (1) is reported. An initial inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of the acyldiene 6 with the silyl enol ether 7 gave the cycloadduct 8 with the required 4 contiguous stereocenters in a single step. This compound was then transformed into the tetracyclic enone 16, which was converted to rhodexin A (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
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5
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Missisen P, De Clercq PJ. Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction with Furan-Diene. Activated Allene as Dienophile in a BCD-ring Approach to Steroids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19870960205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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van Royen LA, Mijngheer R, De Clercq PJ. Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction with Furan-Diene. 1. A Novel Entry to the BCD-Ring System of 11-Ketosteroids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19840931113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Ibrahim-Ouali M. Diels-Alder route to steroids and associated structures. Steroids 2009; 74:133-62. [PMID: 19022272 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder reaction continues to dominate the developments in steroid synthesis. A review of literature on the Diels-Alder route to steroids is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Ibrahim-Ouali
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille ISM2 UMR CNRS 6263, Campus Saint Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niémen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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8
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Claeys DD, Moonen K, Roman BI, Nemykin VN, Zhdankin VV, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V, Stevens CV. Synthesis of Tricyclic Phosphonopyrrolidines via IMDAF: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Observed Stereoselectivity. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7921-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801138s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diederica D. Claeys
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Moonen
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart I. Roman
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viktor V. Zhdankin
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Jung ME, Chu HV. Preparation of a Functionalized Tetracyclic Intermediate for the Synthesis of Rhodexin A. Org Lett 2008; 10:3647-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801426z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Hiufung V. Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
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10
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Harn PJ, Lin CC, Wu HJ. Oxidation of 3-Furfurylcarbinols with Bromine in Acetone-Water. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200800035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Padwa A, Crawford KR, Straub CS, Pieniazek SN, Houk KN. Halo Substituent Effects on Intramolecular Cycloadditions Involving Furanyl Amides. J Org Chem 2006; 71:5432-9. [PMID: 16839120 DOI: 10.1021/jo0602322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions involving a series of N-alkenyl-substituted furanyl amides were investigated. Stable functionalized oxanorbornenes were formed in high yield upon heating at 80-110 degrees C. The cycloaddition reactions include several bromo-substituted furanyl amides, and these systems were found to proceed at a much faster rate and in higher yield than without substitution. This effect was observed by incorporating a halogen in the 3- or 5-position of the furan ring and appears to be general. The origin of increased cycloaddition rates for halo-substituted furans has been investigated with quantum mechanical calculations. The success of these reactions is attributed to increases in reaction exothermicities; this both decreases activation enthalpies and increases barriers to retrocycloadditions. Halogen substitution on furan increases reactant energy and stabilizes the product, which is attributed to the preference of electronegative halogens to be attached to a more highly alkylated and therefore more electropositive framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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12
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Tromp RA, Brussee J, van der Gen A. Stereochemistry of intramolecular Diels–Alder furan (IMDAF) reactions of furyl-substituted chiral ethanolamides. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:3592-9. [PMID: 14599023 DOI: 10.1039/b307275d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the stereoselective outcome of the intramolecular Diels-Alder furan (IMDAF) reaction of substituted (2S,3S)-ethanolamides 9-13, which were synthesised from a furyl substituted cyanohydrin. The latter was obtained from 2-furaldehyde with high enantioselectivity by an oxynitrilase catalysed addition of hydrogen cyanide. The stereochemistry of the IMDAF products was shown to be dependent on the size of the ethanolamide substituents R. Small substituents (H, Me, CN) gave exclusively exo-cycloaddition, whereas more bulky ones (Ph, Et) gave both evo- and endo-addition, the larger phenyl substituent giving a high endo-exo-ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynier A Tromp
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Padwa A, Ginn JD, Bur SK, Eidell CK, Lynch SM. Synthesis of azapolycyclic systems via the intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition chemistry of 2-(alkylthio)-5-amidofurans. J Org Chem 2002; 67:3412-24. [PMID: 12003554 DOI: 10.1021/jo0111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-(methylthio)-5-amidofurans containing tethered unsaturation were prepared via the reaction of dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate (DMTSF) with beta-alkoxy-gamma-dithiane amides 13-16 and 27-32 in 40-70% yield. Thermolysis of these furans resulted in an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction (IMDAF). With the exception of 45 and 46, the oxa-bridged cycloadducts could not be isolated but immediately underwent a 1,2-methylthio shift to form bicyclic lactams in 60-100% yield. It was determined that incorporation of the amido carbonyl in the tether allowed the IMDAF reaction to proceed at a lower temperature. A dramatic example of this is seen in the IMDAF reaction of furan 35, in which the presence of an amido carbonyl as part of the dienophile tether, as opposed to the annealed ring (66) or the lack of a carbonyl (67), was necessary for the cycloaddition to occur. Furan 37, annealed to an azepine ring, underwent the IMDAF reaction at or below room temperature. To identify structural features that promote the IMDAF reaction, a computational study was undertaken. Ground-state and transition-state energies were calculated for furans 17, 33, 37, and 64 using the Becke 3LYP/6-31G model. The theoretical results were in good agreement with those observed. The results indicate that the incorporation of an amide carbonyl as part of the tether system works to place the dienophile in closer proximity to the furan ring, thereby lowering the activation energy needed to reach the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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14
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Claeys S, Van Haver D, De Clercq P, Milanesio M, Viterbo D. An Intramolecular Furan−Diene Diels−Alder Approach to 11‐Oxo 10α‐Steroids. European J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200203)2002:6<1051::aid-ejoc1051>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Claeys
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium, Fax: (internat.) + 32‐9/264‐4998
| | - Dirk Van Haver
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium, Fax: (internat.) + 32‐9/264‐4998
| | - Pierre J. De Clercq
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium, Fax: (internat.) + 32‐9/264‐4998
| | - Marco Milanesio
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM, Università, Via P. Guira 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Viterbo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Corso T. Borsalino 54, 15100 Alessandria, Italy
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15
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Padwa A, Reger TS. Construction of bicyclic tetrahydroisoquinolinones by combination of an IMDAF-ring cleavage reaction of N-allyl-2-furan-2-yl-acetamides. CAN J CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/v99-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of furanyl amides derived from 2-furylacetic acid has been examined. Substrates containing either an imide or tertiary amide linkage between the furan and the dienophile underwent smooth cycloaddition upon thermolysis. By varying the reaction conditions, either the primary cycloadduct or the ring-opened and acetylated product could be isolated in excellent yield. The stereochemical outcome of the IMDAF cycloaddition has the side arm of the tethered alkenyl group oriented syn with respect to the oxygen bridge. Semi-empirical AM1 calculations show that the exo-cycloadduct is 11 kcal lower in energy than the corresponding endo adduct and, presumably, some of this energy difference is reflected in the transition state for the cycloaddition. The IMDAF reaction of N-allyl-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)]-2-furanyl-2-yl-acetamide proceeded in 90% yield upon heating in xylene. The 4+2-cycloadduct undergoes ring-opening on treatment with base and the resulting alcohol was converted into the corresponding benzyl ether. Raney nickel reduction followed by Bischler-Napieralski cyclization furnished the tetracyclic skeleton of the berberine alkaloids.Key words: intramolecular, cycloaddition, Diels-Alder, furanylamide, heterocycle.
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16
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Vogel P, Cossy J, Plumet J, Arjona O. Derivatives of 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane in nature and as useful synthetic intermediates. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Keay BA, Hunt IR. Aspects of the intramolecular diels-alder reaction of a furan diene (IMDAF) leading to the formation of 1,4-epoxydecalin systems. ADVANCES IN CYCLOADDITION 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1052-2077(99)80014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Jankowski P, Marczak S, Wicha J. Methods for the construction of trans-hydrindane rings and their origins in steroid chemistry. Vitamin D total synthesis. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Padwa A, Dimitroff M, Waterson AG, Wu T. IMDAF Cycloaddition as a Method for the Preparation of Pyrrolophenanthridine Alkaloids. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo980008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Martin Dimitroff
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Alex G. Waterson
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Tianhua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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21
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Shih IL, Hendrickson JB. A New Approach to the Synthesis of Cortical Steroids. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199700022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Chiu P, Lautens M. Using ring-opening reactions of oxabicyclic compounds as a strategy in organic synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0119245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Ancerewicz J, Vogel P, Schenk K. TheDiels-Alder Reactivity of 2,2?-Ethylidenebis[3,5-dimethylfuran] and Exploratory Chemistry of the Mono-adducts. Helv Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19960790514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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25
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Furan derivatives of group IV elements (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01414383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Le Drian C, Vieira E, Vogel P. Synthesis of (?)-Conduritol C (1L-Cyclohex-5-ene-1,2,3/4-tetrol). Helv Chim Acta 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19890720219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Harwood LM, Leeming SA, Isaacs NS, Jones G, Pickard J, Thomas RM, Watkin D. The high pressure mediated intramolecular diels-alder reaction of furans: Factors controlling cycloaddition with monoactivated dienophiles. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)80668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Harwood LM, Jones G, Pickard J, Thomas RM, Watkin D. Stereochemical studies on the intramolecular diels alder reaction of furans with doubly activated dienophiles. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)82203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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30
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Hayakawa K, Yamaguchi Y, Kanematsu K. Novel ring transfer reaction of furans via intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of allene intermediate: a new double annulation reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)98138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Sternbach DD, Rossana DM, Onan KD. Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions with furan: The gem-dialkyl effect revisited. Tetrahedron Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)89155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Kotsuki H, Asao K, Ohnishi H. Preparatively Useful Method for the Synthesis of Diels-Alder Adducts between Furan and Methyl Acrylate. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1984. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.57.3339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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Black KA, Vogel P. Optical resolution of 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-21-ene derivatives. Diastereoselectivity in the formation of cyanohydrine-brucine complexes. Helv Chim Acta 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19840670629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Systematic conformational analysis. A microcomputer method for the semiquantitative evaluation of polycyclic systems containing five-, six- and seven-membered rings. 2. Scope and limitations. Tetrahedron 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)88802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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