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Dwulet N, Chahine Z, Le Roch KG, Vanderwal CD. An Enantiospecific Synthesis of Isoneoamphilectane Confirms Its Strained Tricyclic Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3716-3726. [PMID: 36730688 PMCID: PMC9936588 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a total synthesis of the rare isocyanoterpene natural product isoneoamphilectane and two of its unnatural diastereomers. The significantly strained ring system of the reported natural product─along with a hypothesis about a biosynthetic relationship to related family members─inspired us to consider a potential misassignment in the structure's relative configuration. As a result, we initially targeted two less strained, more accessible, stereoisomers of the reported natural product. When these compounds failed to exhibit spectroscopic data that matched those of isoneoamphilectane, we embarked on a synthesis of the originally proposed strained structure via an approach that hinged on a challenging cis-to-trans decalone epimerization. Ultimately, we implemented a novel cyclic sulfite pinacol-type rearrangement to generate the strained ring system. Additional features of this work include the application of a stereocontrolled Mukaiyama-Michael addition of an acyclic silylketene acetal, an unusual intramolecular alkoxide-mediated regioselective elimination, and an HAT-mediated alkene hydroazidation to forge the C-N bond of the tertiary isonitrile. Throughout this work, our synthetic planning was heavily guided by computational analyses to inform on key issues of stereochemical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie
C. Dwulet
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United
States
| | - Zeinab Chahine
- Institute
for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Infectious Disease and
Vector Research, 900 University Avenue, Department of Molecular, Cell,
and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Karine G. Le Roch
- Institute
for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Infectious Disease and
Vector Research, 900 University Avenue, Department of Molecular, Cell,
and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United
States,Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 101 Theory, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States,
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Massarotti A, Brunelli F, Aprile S, Giustiniano M, Tron GC. Medicinal Chemistry of Isocyanides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10742-10788. [PMID: 34197077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In eons of evolution, isocyanides carved out a niche in the ecological systems probably thanks to their metal coordinating properties. In 1859 the first isocyanide was synthesized by humans and in 1950 the first natural isocyanide was discovered. Now, at the beginning of XXI century, hundreds of isocyanides have been isolated both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and thousands have been synthesized in the laboratory. For some of them their ecological role is known, and their potent biological activity as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antifouling, and antitumoral compounds has been described. Notwithstanding, the isocyanides have not gained a good reputation among medicinal chemists who have erroneously considered them either too reactive or metabolically unstable, and this has restricted their main use to technical applications as ligands in coordination chemistry. The aim of this review is therefore to show the richness in biological activity of the isocyanide-containing molecules, to support the idea of using the isocyanide functional group as an unconventional pharmacophore especially useful as a metal coordinating warhead. The unhidden hope is to convince the skeptical medicinal chemists of the isocyanide potential in many areas of drug discovery and considering them in the design of future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Brunelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Emsermann J, Kauhl U, Opatz T. Marine Isonitriles and Their Related Compounds. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:16. [PMID: 26784208 PMCID: PMC4728513 DOI: 10.3390/md14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine isonitriles represent the largest group of natural products carrying the remarkable isocyanide moiety. Together with marine isothiocyanates and formamides, which originate from the same biosynthetic pathways, they offer diverse biological activities and in spite of their exotic nature they may constitute potential lead structures for pharmaceutical development. Among other biological activities, several marine isonitriles show antimalarial, antitubercular, antifouling and antiplasmodial effects. In contrast to terrestrial isonitriles, which are mostly derived from α-amino acids, the vast majority of marine representatives are of terpenoid origin. An overview of all known marine isonitriles and their congeners will be given and their biological and chemical aspects will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Emsermann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Kauhl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Margarucci L, Monti MC, Esposito R, Tosco A, Hamel E, Riccio R, Casapullo A. N-Formyl-7-amino-11-cycloamphilectene, a marine sponge metabolite, binds to tubulin and modulates microtubule depolymerization. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:862-7. [PMID: 24493364 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The importance of protein-small molecule interaction in drug discovery, medicinal chemistry and biology has driven the development of new analytical methods to disclose the whole interactome of bioactive compounds. To accelerate targets discovery of N-formyl-7-amino-11-cycloamphilectene (CALe), a marine bioactive diterpene isolated from the Vanuatu sponge Axinella sp., a chemoproteomic-based approach has been successfully developed. CALe is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, modulating NO and prostaglandin E2 overproduction by dual inhibition of the enhanced inducible NO synthase expression and cyclo-oxygenase-2 activity, without any evidence of cytotoxic effects. In this paper, several isoforms of tubulin have been identified as CALe off-targets by chemical proteomics combined with bio-physical orthogonal approaches. In the following biological analysis of its cellular effect, CALe was found to protect microtubules against the colcemid depolymerizing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Margarucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
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Avilés E, Rodríguez AD, Vicente J. Two rare-class tricyclic diterpenes with antitubercular activity from the Caribbean sponge Svenzea flava. Application of vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy for determining absolute configuration. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11294-301. [PMID: 24138557 PMCID: PMC4610370 DOI: 10.1021/jo401846m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two new natural products, 3 and 4, and their predecessor 7-isocyanoisoneoamphilecta-1(14),15-diene (2), of the rare isoneoamphilectane class of marine diterpenes, along with the known amphilectane diterpenes 6-8, were isolated from the n-hexane extract of the marine sponge Svenzea flava collected at Great Inagua Island, Bahamas. The molecular structures of compounds 3 and 4 were established by spectroscopic (1D/2D NMR, IR, UV, HRMS) methods and confirmed by a series of chemical correlation studies. In a first ever case study of the assignment of the absolute configuration of a molecule based on the isoneoamphilectane carbon skeleton, the absolute configuration of compound 5 was established as 3S,4R,7S,8S,11R,12S,13R by application of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). In vitro anti-TB screenings revealed that metabolites 2-4 and, in particular, semisynthetic analogue 5, are strong growth inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Avilés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23346, U.P.R. Station, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346 United States
| | - Abimael D. Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23346, U.P.R. Station, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346 United States
| | - Jan Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23346, U.P.R. Station, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346 United States
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Wright AD, Lang-Unnasch N. Diterpene formamides from the tropical marine sponge Cymbastela hooperi and their antimalarial activity in vitro. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:492-495. [PMID: 19199790 DOI: 10.1021/np800654w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Further investigations of the VLC (vacuum-liquid chromatography) fractions obtained from the dichloromethane solubles of the tropical marine sponge Cymbastela hooperi led to the isolation and characterization of five new diterpene formamides, 1-5. Compound 1 is one of the very few examples of a natural product that contains both formamide and isonitrile functionalities within the same molecule. In in vitro antiplasmodial bioassays, 1 was found to have moderate activity (IC(50) 0.5 microg/mL), 2 had weak activity (IC(50) 14.8 microg/mL), and 3-5 were inactive. The pattern of activity found for the metabolites investigated in the current study is consistent with previous findings for these classes of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Wright
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA.
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8
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Structural and stereochemical revision of isocyanide and isothiocyanate amphilectenes from the Caribbean marine sponge Cribochalina sp. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Prinsep MR. Sulfur-Containing Natural Products from Marine Invertebrates. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART I) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(03)80151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chang CW. Naturally occurring isocyano/isothiocyanato and related compounds. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 2001; 80:1-186. [PMID: 11036790 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6331-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C W Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida, Pensacola, USA
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New Isocyano and Isothiocyanato Terpene Metabolites from the Tropical Marine Sponge Acanthella cavernosa. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Garson[xc*] M, Simpson J, Flowers A, Dumdei E. Cyanide and thiocyanate-derived functionality in marine organisms - structures, biosynthesis and ecology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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13
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Structures and absolute stereochemistry of isocyanide and isothiocyanate amphilectenes from the Caribbean sponge Cribochalina sp. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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König GM, Wright AD, Angerhofer CK. Novel Potent Antimalarial Diterpene Isocyanates, Isothiocyanates, and Isonitriles from the Tropical Marine SpongeCymbastela hooperi. J Org Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jo952015z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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