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Keasler KT, Zick ME, Stacy EE, Kim J, Lee JH, Aeindartehran L, Runčevski T, Milner PJ. Handling fluorinated gases as solid reagents using metal-organic frameworks. Science 2023; 381:1455-1461. [PMID: 37769097 PMCID: PMC10799685 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg8835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine is an increasingly common substituent in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals because it improves the bioavailability and metabolic stability of organic molecules. Fluorinated gases represent intuitive building blocks for the late-stage installation of fluorinated groups, but they are generally overlooked because they require the use of specialized equipment. We report a general strategy for handling fluorinated gases as benchtop-stable solid reagents using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Gas-MOF reagents are prepared on gram-scale and used to facilitate fluorovinylation and fluoroalkylation reactions. Encapsulation of gas-MOF reagents within wax enables stable storage on the benchtop and controlled release into solution upon sonication, which represents a safer alternative to handling the gas directly. Furthermore, our approach enables high-throughput reaction development with these gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn T. Keasler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Mary E. Zick
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Emily E. Stacy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Lida Aeindartehran
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University; Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Tomče Runčevski
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University; Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Phillip J. Milner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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2
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Haufe G. Selective Synthesis of Monofluorinated Compounds Applying Amine/HF Reagents. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300140. [PMID: 37229773 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For nucleophilic monofluorination, amine/HF reagents such as Et3 N⋅3HF, Pyr⋅9HF (Olah's reagent) and similar combinations belong to the most frequently used fluoride sources, whereupon the selectivity of these reagents can be very different depending of its acidity, the nucleophilicity of the fluoride equivalent, and the structure of the particular substrate. These reagents can be used safely in ordinary chemistry laboratories for nucleophilic substitution reactions by fluoride at sp3 -hybridized carbon centers. For ring opening reactions of epoxides, the regio- and stereoselectivity is very much depending of the nature of the epoxide and the acidity of the HF reagent favoring either SN 1 or SN 2 type reactions. Similarly, the outcome of halofluorination and similar reactions with sulfur or seleno electrophiles can be controlled by the particular combination of the electrophile and the fluoride source. Examples for the application of these reaction types for the synthesis of fluorine-containing analogues of natural products or biologically relevant compounds are in the focus of this personal account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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3
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Shen GH, Hong JH. Recent advances in the synthesis of cyclic 5′-nornucleoside phosphonate analogues. Carbohydr Res 2018; 463:47-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Guo R, Huang J, Zhao X. Organoselenium-Catalyzed Oxidative Allylic Fluorination with Electrophilic N–F Reagent. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Guo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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5
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Ito S, Tobata M, Asakura M, Shinozaki Y, Iwabe Y, Sakamoto L, Ito SP, Roppongi M, Oba T. Synthesis of bicyclopyrroles with various substituents at the bridging positions. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Trenner J, Depken C, Weber T, Breder A. Direkte oxidative allylische und vinylische Aminierung von Alkenen mittels Selenkatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Trenner J, Depken C, Weber T, Breder A. Direct Oxidative Allylic and Vinylic Amination of Alkenes through Selenium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8952-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Abstract
A mild and efficient synthesis of 1-aryl-1-fluoroethenes from benzothiazolyl (aryl)fluoromethyl sulfones and paraformaldehyde, under DBU- or Cs(2)CO(3)-mediated conditions at room temperature, is described. A comparable diethyl fluoro(naphthalen-2-yl)methylphosphonate reagent does not react with paraformaldehyde under these mild conditions. The utility of the methodology for synthesis of terminal α-fluoroalkenes bearing electron-withdrawing functionalities is also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir K. Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, New York, New York 10031-9198, U.S.A
| | - Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, New York, New York 10031-9198, U.S.A
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, New York, New York 10031-9198, U.S.A
| | - Barbara Zajc
- Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, New York, New York 10031-9198, U.S.A
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9
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Landelle G, Bergeron M, Turcotte-Savard MO, Paquin JF. Synthetic approaches to monofluoroalkenes. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2867-908. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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10
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Mukherjee AJ, Zade SS, Singh HB, Sunoj RB. Organoselenium Chemistry: Role of Intramolecular Interactions. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4357-416. [PMID: 20384363 DOI: 10.1021/cr900352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India, and Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjio S. Zade
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India, and Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Harkesh B. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India, and Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India, and Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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12
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Pacheco MC, Purser S, Gouverneur V. The chemistry of propargylic and allylic fluorides. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1943-81. [PMID: 18543877 DOI: 10.1021/cr068410e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Pacheco
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, UK
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13
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Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of GS-9148 (2′-Fd4AP), a novel nucleoside phosphonate HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1120-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Poleschner H, Seppelt K. First detection of a selenenyl fluoride ArSe-F by NMR spectroscopy: the nature of Ar2Se2/XeF2 and ArSe-SiMe3/XeF2 reagents. Chemistry 2006; 10:6565-74. [PMID: 15540265 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Arylselenenyl fluorides ArSeF are obtained from diselenides Ar2Se2 or arylselenotrimethylsilanes ArSe-SiMe3, and XeF2. They are detected by low-temperature 19F and 77Se NMR spectroscopy. Substitution in the ortho position of the aromatic ring to provide electronic or steric protection is a requirement for their formation. ArSe--F compounds decompose according to 3 ArSe-F-->[ArSe-SeF2Ar]+ArSe-F-->ArSeF3+Ar2Se2. Reaction energies for this disproportionation as well as that of the sulfur and tellurium homologues have been calculated with MP2, CCSD(T,) and B3 LYP methods. They were found to be increasingly exothermic in the sequence S<Se<Te. For selected Se-C and Se-F compounds the 77Se and 19F chemical shifts have been calculated by GIAO-MP2 and GIAO-B3 LYP methods and are in good agreement with experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Poleschner
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Poleschner H, Heydenreich M, Schilde U. Fluoroselenenylation of Acetylenes with Xenon Difluoride-Diorganyl Diselenides; Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of Functionalized Vicinal (E)-Fluoro(organylseleno)olefins. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199619960719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Use of phenylselenyl chloride in the preparation of methyl 11-phenylseleno-10-acetamido- and ethyl phenylselenoethoxy fatty alkanoates. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-003-0819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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An intriguing effect of Yb(OTf)3–TMSCl in the halogenation of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes by NXS: selective synthesis of allyl halides. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Poleschner H, Seppelt K. PhSeOTf–Et3N·3HF and PhSeSbF6–Et3N·3HF as new PhSe–F equivalents in the fluoroselenenylation of acetylenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b207886b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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20
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Uneyama K, Hiraoka S, Amii H. Reactions of benzeneselenenyl fluoride generated by XeF2-(PhSe)2 system with electron-deficient alkenes. J Fluor Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(99)00282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Uneyama K, Asai H, Dan-oh Y, Matta H. Electrochemical generation of [PhSeF] for fluoro-selenation of alkenes and alkynes and its recycle use. Electrochim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(97)85474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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23
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24
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Kuroboshi M, Hiyama T. Halofluorination of Alkenes Using Dilute Hydrofluoric Acid. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1995. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.68.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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26
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Funabiki K, Ohtsuki T, Ishihara T, Yamanaka H. Fluoride Ion-Promoted Reaction of Polyfluoro-1-propenylp-Toluenesulfonate with Amines. Highly Efficient and General Access to (Z)-α-Fluoro-β-amino Acrylaldehydes. CHEM LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1994.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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A new route to 2-fluoro-1-olefins utilizing a synthetic equivalent for the 1-fluoroethene anion. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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29
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An application of the trost reaction to the stereoselective synthesis of trans-tetrasubstituted fluoroalkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)74700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Electrolytic partial fluorination of organic compounds. 3. Regioselective anodic monofluorination of organoselenium compounds and their synthetic application. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Uno H, Sakamoto K, Semba F, Suzuki H. Behaviors of α-Fluorocarbenoids Derived from the Nucleophilic Desulfinylation of α-Chloro-α-fluoroalkyl Sulfoxides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1992. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.65.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Kuroboshi M, Hiyama T. Halofluorination of alkenes using tetrabutylammonium dihydrogentrifluoride. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)92048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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34
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Uneyama K, Kanai M. Benzeneselenenyl fluoride equivalent in situ generated with XeF2-(PhSe)2 in Ch2Cl2 for fluoroselenenylation of olefins. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)94448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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